jimAAA英语翻译

考研翻译：最后的叮咛难点要点(2008-12-12 20:59:16) 转载标签： 杂谈一 要求及评分原则准确、完整、通顺直译还是意译？直译为主，意译为辅；一切为四化服务：1 结构“清晰化”2 词义“明确化”3 语序“通顺化”4 书写“工整化”该考试项目分段计分，因此不要因为整句较难就彻底放弃，切记每个片段都有分值，例如：例1. Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips（过去分词后置定语）/, computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools（词组in-built personalities的释义，及被动语态的翻译都可能成为考点）/, relaxation will be in front of smell-television（抽象名词relaxation翻译为动词）/, and the digital age will have arrived.（特殊时态）译文：儿童将与装有个性芯片的玩具娃娃玩耍，具有个性内置的计算机将被视为工作伙伴而不是工具，人们将在气味电视机前休闲，到那个时候数字化时代就带到了。例2. The role of natural selection in evolution （词汇释义）/ was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago（被动语态）, / and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual （长修饰成分释义）/ is only beginning to be recognized and studied.（被动语态）译文：在进化中自然选择所起的作用仅在一百多年前才得到阐述，而环境在形成和保持个体行为过程中所起到的选择作用则刚刚开始得到承认和研究（为人们所认可和研究）。二 难点与热点a被动结构将“被”字翻译为“得到、受到、遭到”The discovery is highly appreciated in the circle of science.这项研究成果得到科学界高度的认可。The Apollo XII crew reported that their spaceship was being followed by two UFOs.阿波罗12号船员报告说，他们的飞船遭到两个不明飞行物的跟踪。加上可有可无的主语“我们、人们”，翻译成主动句The area has been marked out for building more hotels.人们划分出这块区域，来建造更多酒店。以by后面的人称为主语，翻译成主动句What measures have been or are being adopted by the government to reduce air pollution?政府对降低空气污染已经采取了什么措施，并将作何打算？翻译成判断句My first forty years were spent in Southern Europe.我的前四十岁是在欧洲南部度过的。翻译为判断句New sources of power must be found.必须找到新能源。以下的结构翻译为“据”、“人们”或“有人”，甚至可以更简单，如“必须”It should be realized that 必须意识到It may be said without fear of exaggeration that .可以毫不夸张地说_真题范例 综合范例如下：And it is imagined by many that （考被动结构）/ the operations of the common mind can by no means be compared with scientists processes （考词汇释义）,/ and they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.（考词汇释义和被动语态）并且，许多人认为，普通人的思维活动无法和科学家的思维活动相比，并且这些思维活动必须通过某种专门的训练才能掌握。b复杂从句定语从句、同位语从句The first place (1) that I will show you around is Big Wild Goose Pagoda, (2)on the top floor of which we can appreciate the beautiful scene of the city. To the north of the tower, locates a square (3)full of historical topics (4)where you can indulge in thousands of ancient poems.注意上面一段中四个定语从句。有限定性、非限定性、省略型等。注意定语从句翻时摆放的位置The method of scientific investigation is nothing but（考释义）the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind;（A of B of C）/ it is simply the mode / by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanation.（考定语从句）科学研究的方法不过是人类思维活动的必要表达方式，也就是对一切现象进行思索并且给以精确而严谨解释的表达方式。World War II was, however, more complex than World War I, / which was a collision among the imperialist powers over the spoils of markets, resources and territories.（定语从句修饰World War I）第一次世界大战是帝国主义列强之间争夺市场、资源和领土的冲突，而第二次世界大战却比第一次复杂。体现出从句和主句间的逻辑关系In such an experiment the insects can be taught to fly to the ultra-violet, which for us is just darkness.在这样的实验中，能够训练昆虫飞向紫外线，而紫外线对我们来说只是一片黑暗。将主句和从句合并翻译There are many people who want to read the book.许多人想读这本书。Home workers are people who have made decisions regarding their careers and life-styles.在家工作的人是按照自己的职业和生活方式做出这种决定的。同位语从句They would have had to live the rest of their lives under the stigma / that he had recklessly precipitated an action （stigma的同位语从句）/ which wrecked the Summit Conference and conceivably could have launched a nuclear war.（定语从句，修饰action）他们可能不得不背着一种臭名而终其余生，这个臭名就是：他曾贸然采取一项行动，这项行动破坏了首脑会晤，并且可以设想，还可能已经触发一场核战争。状语从句While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.几乎每个历史学家对史学都有自己的界定，但现代史学家的实践最趋向于认为历史学是试图重现过去的重大史实并对其做出解释。这个While今年考试的频度比较高啊！c惯用结构 Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools.(注意结构)句中若出现复杂结构，先找出结构，利用这些信息将句子自然分割。分割后就形成了诸多片断，别忘了，Nothing is difficult when it is divided. 分割而成的片段比较容易翻译。然后将片段信息填入大框架。反思一下，下面的A句看懂了，B句也就差不多了！AYou can get a sound score, but only if you do your utmost, and only if you are marching towards the right direction.BOn the whole such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence, but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the other with whom he is being compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed.总的来说，得出这样一个结论是有一定把握的，但是必须具备两个条件：一是能够假定这个孩子对测试的态度和与他相比的另一个孩子的态度相同；二是他并没有因缺乏别的孩子已掌握的有关知识而被扣分。AMy interest in the NETEM has arisen less through the attractiveness of the examination itself and more from the result I expect.BInterest in historical method had arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.人们对历史学研究方法产生了兴趣，这与其说是因为外部对历史学作为一门知识学科的有效性提出了挑战，还不如说是因为历史学家们内部发生了争执。由于博文字数限制，本篇就此打住，下一篇续写各种特殊结构，将在星期一上传待续考研翻译补充：常见形式主语(2008-12-15 11:39:20) 转载标签： 杂谈注意：各位勇士们，我知道你们已经突破了自己的疲劳极限，再坚持26天，胜利属于你们！ 以下材料不必背诵，只求眼熟！（作文中偶尔用到，我会更高兴）It cannot be denied that 不可否认，It has been illustrated that 据说明；据图示；图中表示，It has been proved that 已经证明，It is(usually) considered that 据(通常)估计；人们(通常)认为，It is assumed that 假定It is believed that 大家相信，It is alleged that 据称，It is demonstrated that 已经证明，文中(图中)表明，It is estimated that 据估计，It is expected that 人们希望，It is found that 据发现；人们认为，It is generally agreed/recognized that.人们通常认为/承认，It is hoped/still to be hoped that (我们)希望/仍希望，It is mentioned that 据说，It is noticed/noted that 人们注意到/前面已经指出，It is proposed that 有人提议(指出)，It is recommended that 有人推荐，It is regarded that 人们认为，It is reported that 据报道，It is said that 据说，It is stressed that人们强调说，It is supposed that 据推测；假定，It is thought that有人认为，It is universally accepted that 普遍认为，It is well known that 众所周知，It is well known that 必须承认，It should be pointed out that 必须指出，It will be seen from it that由此可见，考研翻译补充：习惯用法、抽象名词(2008-12-15 11:48:13) 转载标签： 杂谈习惯用法的翻译（1）more A than B / less B than A / not so much B as/but AEg 1: Teaching can be more like guiding and assisting than forcing information into a supposedly empty head.教学与其说是把知识灌输到假定为一片空白的头脑中，还不如说是对其进行引导和帮助。Eg 2: It remains our view that a definition would be more likely to interfere with than to assist the competent organs of the United Nations to take quick and effective action to ensure the maintenance of peace.我们仍然认为，一项定义与其说是有助于，还不如说是有碍于联合国各个主管机构采取迅速而有效的行动确保和平。Eg 3: It was a curious exchange, less a debate than a quarrel between two aggressive men, each of them determined to impress the audience as more peaceful than the other.这是一次奇妙的交谈，与其说是两个好斗的人之间的一场辩论，还不如说是一次吵嘴，双方都竭力想使听众觉得自己比对方更爱和平。Eg 4: However, this is not so much a weakness in his work as it is the inevitable result of scholars neglect of this period.然而，这与其说是他作品中的弱点，倒不如说是学者们忽略对这个时期的研究而造成的必然结果。（2）no more than, not any more thanEg 1:The heart is no more intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlled by the brain.心脏和胃一样无智力可言，因为它们都是由大脑控制的。Eg 2:No one can hold back the tide of revolution any more than a man with a broom can hold a flood that has burst the dam.任何人都无法阻挡革命洪流，正如一个人不能拿着扫帚挡住决堤的洪水一样。Eg 3: The archaeologists efforts are not directed at proving the correctness of the Bible any more than belief in God can be scientifically demonstrated.考古学家的努力并不是要“验证”圣经的正确性，正如信仰上帝不能从科学上证明一样。（3）rather thanEg 1: Rather than a punishment or a burden, work is the opportunity to realize ones potential.工作不是惩罚，也不是负担，工作为个人潜力的发挥提供机会。（4）other thanEg 1: Plants which refine crude ores are often located in countries other than those in which the crude ores are mined.提炼矿石的厂房通常不设在采矿石的国家，而设在其他国家。（5）only tootoEg 1:I shall be only too pleased to help him.替他帮忙我是非常高兴的。（6）cannottooEg 1:A book may be compared to your neighbor; if it be good, it cannot last too long; if bad, you cannot get rid of it too early.一本书好比你的邻居；如果是好书，读书的时间再长也不嫌长；如果不是好书，你越早丢开它越好。Eg 2: One can scarcely pay too high a price for liberty.为自由人们付出多大的代价都不过分。（7）It is not that but thatEg 1: It is not that the scales in the one case, and the balance in the other, differ in the principles of their construction or manner of working ; but that the latter is a much finer apparatus and of course much more accurate in its measurement than the former.这并不是说面包师或卖肉者所用的磅秤和化学家所用的天平在构造原理或工作方式上存在差别，而是说与前者相比，后者是一种更精密得多的装置，因而在计量上必然准确得多。（8）much less /still less / to say nothing of / not to speak of / not to mention /let aloneEg 1: In old China, there was hardly any machine-building industry, to say nothing of an electronic industry.在旧中国，几乎没有机器制造业，更不用说电子工业了。Eg 2: Some people never read a newspaper, let alone a book.有些人从未读过报纸，更不用说书本了。（9）the last+名词+不定式，或the last+名词+定语从句Eg 1: He would be the last person to go along with the proposal.他将是最不可能同意这项提议的人。Eg 2: Breach of promise is the last thing that he is likely to commit.违约的事情他是绝不会干的。/他决不至于干出违约的事情。（10）only to+动词“Eg 1: They dont have to pay for expensive seats at the theatre, the cinema or the opera, only to discover, perhaps, that the show is disappointing.他们不必花钱去剧院、电影院或歌剧院买价格昂贵的票，结果却发现，所演节目令人失望。（11）nobutEg 1: There is no man but has faults.没有人没有错误，/人皆有错误。（12）would ratherthanEg 1:I would rather die with my head high, with indestructible faith and profound belief in the destiny of our country, than live in humility and renounce the principles which are sacred to me.我宁愿昂着头，怀着不动摇的信念，抱着对祖国前途的真切信心而死，也不愿在屈从之下背弃神圣的原则而生。（13）not nearlyEg 1: The food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this, which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food.粮食供应将远远赶不上人口的增长，这意味着我们在粮食生产和购销两方面正陷入危机。（14）no less than; no lessthanEg 1: China insists always on the need for self-reliance, no less in economic policies