虚拟语气(小结)

1.BeingaLeaguemember,heisalwayshelpingothers.2.Judgingfromhisappearance,hemustbeanactor.3.Iftimepermitting,welldoanothertwoexercises.4.Hedroppedtheglass,breakingitintopieces.5.(While)workinginthefactory,hewasanadvancedworker.,1、由于是共青团员，他经常帮助他人。2、在工厂工作时，他是一名先进工人。3、他把杯子掉了，结果摔得粉碎。4、从外表看，他一定是个演员。5、如果时间允许，我们将做另两个练习。,1.Givenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.2.ThefirsttextbookswrittenforteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.3.HestillremembersbeingtakentoShanghaiwhenhewasveryyoung.4.Withtheboyleadingtheway,wehadnotroublefindingthewaytoZhongshanPark.5.Themissingboywaslastseenplayingneartheriver.,1、如果再多关照的话，树长得会更好。2、作为一门外语为教英语而写的第一本教科书是十六世纪出版的。3、我一直还记得小时候被带着去上海。4、在小孩的带领下，我们顺利地找到了中山公园。5、失踪的男孩最后一次被看见是在河边玩。,虚拟语气（SubjunctiveMood）,非真实条件句中的虚拟语气,If从句,主句,didbe-were,haddone,1)did2)shoulddo3)weretodo,If条件虚拟,第一层次（基础）1)If+S+were/did,S+would/should/could/mightdo,2)If+S+haddone,S+would/should/could/might+havedone,3)If+S+were/did,If+S+shoulddo,If+S+weretodo,S+would/should/could/mightdo,If条件虚拟倒装,第二层次1)IfIwereyou,Iwouldgothere.-_,Iwouldgothere.2)IfIhadwalkedfast,IwouldhavecaughtupwithTom.-_,IwouldhavecaughtupwithTom.3)Ifitweretoraintomorrow,Iwouldntgothere.-_,Iwouldntgothere.4)Ifitshouldrain,Iwouldnotgothere.-_,Iwouldnotgothere.,WereIyou,HadIwalkedfast,Wereittoraintomorrow,Shoulditrain,含蓄虚拟,第三层次1)Withoutwater,wewoulddie.-Ifwe_nowater,wewoulddie.2)Withoutyourhelp,Iwouldhavefailedintheexam.-Ifyou_me,Iwouldhavefailedintheexam.,had,hadnthelped,混合虚拟,第四层次(混合虚拟)1)IfIhadstudiedveryhardbefore,Iwouldgetagoodmarknow.2)Ifhehaddrunkenoughwaterjustnow,hewouldntbethirstynow.,非真实条件句中的虚拟语气,If从句,主句,didwere,haddone,did2)shoulddo3)weretodo,wish所引导的虚拟wish+that+S+were/didwish+that+S+haddonewish+that+S+woulddoS+coulddoS+mightdo,didwere,were/did,haddone,woulddocoulddomightdo,haddone,遵循向过去倒推一个时态原则的虚拟,wish所引导的虚拟wish+that+S+were/did(现在)wish+that+S+haddone(过去)wish+that+S+woulddo(将来)S+coulddoS+mightdo,遵循向过去倒推一个时态原则的虚拟,asif/asthough所引导的虚拟asif/though+S+were/did(现在)asif/though+S+haddone(过去)asif/though+S+woulddo(将来)S+coulddoS+mightdo,遵循向过去倒推一个时态原则的虚拟,ifonly所引导的虚拟Ifonly+S+were/did(现在)Ifonly+S+haddone(过去)Ifonly+S+woulddo(将来)S+coulddoS+mightdo,IfonlyIwereachildnow!IfonlyIhadntdonethatsillything!,Its(high)timethat.（早该）Its(about)timethat.（早该）that后谓语动词用动词过去式或should+动词原形。should不可省略。Itistimethechildrenwenttobed.孩子们早该上床睡觉了。（表示催促）Itistimethechildrenshouldgotobed.,itis(high;about)time引导的虚拟,that+S+(should)do/(should)bedone,一坚持：二命令：四建议：五要求：,insist,order,command,suggest,advise,propose;recommend,request,require,demand,desire,urge,*suggest&insist,表命令、建议、要求后的宾语从句,混合虚拟,1)Iwouldhaveattendedthepartyyesterday,butI_ill.A.hadfallenB.fellC.wouldfallD.havefallen,IfIhadntfallenill,Iwouldhaveattendedthepartyyesterday,butIfellill,soIdidntattendthepartyyesterday.,B,wouldhaveattended,第五层次(前虚后不虚),but,混合虚拟,第五层次(前虚后不虚)2)Iwouldloseweight,butI_alotnow.A.ateB.eatC.hadeatenD.wouldhaveeaten,B,but,IfIdidnteatalot,Iwouldloseweight,butIeatalotnow,soIdontloseweight.,混合虚拟,前不虚后虚1)Ifellill,or/otherwiseI_thepartyyesterday.A.attendedB.wouldhaveattendedC.hadattendedD.wouldattend2)Ieatalot,or/otherwiseI_weightnow.A.wouldhavelostB.wouldloseC.willloseD.lose,B,B,wouldrather(宁愿，宁可）+从句的用法动词用过去式，与现在/将来相反动词用过去完成时，与过去相反：Iwouldrathershewerenotpresent.我宁可她不在场。（事实上她在场）Iwouldratherhehadtoldmethetruth.我宁可他告诉我事实真相。（事实上他没告诉我真相）,wouldrather引导的虚拟,S+(should)do/(should)bedone,表命令、建议、要求引导的主语、表语、同位语从句,基本句型：Itbe+suggestedproposedrequestedordered,suggestionproposaladviceorder