定语从句复习导学案

定语从句复习导学案一、定语的概念： 定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。比如：(先试试用横线划出下面短语中的定语，然后在后面的括号里注明是什么在作定语) a beautiful girl（ ）three boys （ ）a shoe factory（ ） Jims father ( ) our teacher ( )the man in the car （ ）the man standing at the door（ ）the man who is talking with Sam （ ） 二、定语从句的概念及主要特征：1定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词；定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后；引导定语从句的词叫关系词。请划出下列句子中的定语从句、先行词及关系代词：The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.2. 定语从句的主要特征：（1）先行词要在从句中充当一定的成分；（2）what永远不能引导定语从句；（3）翻译时先译从句，翻译成“.的”三、定语从句的基本用法：（一）关系代词引导的定语从句1who 指人，在定语从句中作主语，有时也作宾语。 The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。 分析：先行词the boys 在从句中作主语。 Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. 想去博物馆的人必须在明晨7点到大门口集合。 分析：先行词_ 在从句中作_。 Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. 昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。 分析：先行词_ 在从句中作_。 That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师。 分析：先行词_ 在从句中作_。You neednt talk to the people who you dont like talking to. 分析：先行词_ 在从句中作_。2whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。 Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. 刘先生就是你们在公共汽车 上谈论的那个人。分析：先行词_ 在从句中作_。Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see. 李明正是我想要见的男孩。分析：先行词_ 在从句中作_。The professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has come. 你正在等的教授已经来了。分析：先行词_ 在从句中作_。 注意：关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替，也可省略。 The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend.3. whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. 我拜访了一个全国知名的科学家。分析：先行词_ 在从句中作_。He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 译成汉语：_分析：先行词_ 在从句中作_。I lost the book whose cover was blue. 我把那本封面是蓝色的书弄丢了。分析：先行词_ 在从句中作_。We live in a house whose windows face the south. 译成汉语:_4that 引导定语从句时，既可以指人，也可以指物。指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。The number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million. 每年来参观这座城市的人数达一百万。分析：先行词_ 在从句中作_。Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning? 我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿？分析：先行词_ 在从句中作_。The person that / / you introduced to me is very kind. 你介绍给我的那个人很友好。The season that / comes after spring is summer. 春天以后的季节是夏季。Yesterday I received a letter that /_ came from Australia. 昨天我收到了一封来自澳大利亚的信。 (二) 关系副词引导的定语从句1 when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。常可以用in/on/at which代替。 I still remember the day when I first came to this school.我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学 校的那一天。 分析：先行词_ 在从句中作_。The time when we got together finally arrived. 我们团聚的时刻终于到了。分析：先行词_ 在从句中作_。2 where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。常可用in/on/at which代替。Shanghai is the city where I was born. 上海是我出生的城市。分析：先行词_ 在从句中作_。The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 我十年前住的房子已经被拆掉了。分析：先行词_ 在从句中作_3 why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。常可用for which来代替。Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. 请告诉我你误机的原因。分析：先行词_ 在从句中作_。The reason why he was punished is unknown to us. 他受惩罚的原因我们都不知道。I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today. 译成汉语：_ 注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+which”引导的定语从句来表示。如： From the years when (=_) he was going to primary school in the country he had known what he wanted to be when he grew up. 自从他在农村读小学时，他就已经知道长大后要做什么。I will never forget the moment when (=_) the blind students moved us. Great changes are taking place in the city where (=_) they live. 他们生活的城市正发生巨大的变化。 The reason why (=_) he refused the invitation is quite clear. 他为什么拒绝接受邀请的原因是十分明了的。若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom小结：前面有介词只能用which 或whom四定语从句特殊情况：（一）关系代词只能用that 的情况which, that 在代替物时，一般可以通用。但在有些情况下，只用 that。1 先行词是最高级形容词或它的前面有最高级形容词修饰时。例如： This is the best that has been used against pollution. English is the most difficult subject that you will learn during these years. 先行词是序数词，或它前面有一个序数词时。例如： This is the last place (that) I want to visit. It is the first American movie of this kind that Ive ever seen. 先行词是 all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等代词时。例如： You should hand in all that you have. We havent got much that we can offer you. 先行词前面有the only, the very, any, few, little, no, all, much, every等修饰时。例如： The only thing that we can do is to give you some money. The little money (that) he had was stolen.（5） 先行词既有人又有物时。例如： Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? The bike and its rider that had run over an old man were taken to the police station.（6） 主句已有疑问词who 或which时。例如： Which is the bike that you lost? Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting?（二）宜用who, 而不用that的一些情况先行词是one, ones, anyone，those时。例如： One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth. Dont tell anyone about the news who oughtnt to know it. Those who were not fit for their work could not see the beautiful clothes made of the magic cloth.(三)关系代词的省略： The factory we visited yesterday was really old. (请将省略的关系代词补充在正确的位置) The man you just talked to was my English teacher. (请将省略的关系代词补充在正确的位置) 当关系代词在从句中作_时可以省略。（四）关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句中的主谓一致关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词在人称和数上应与先行词一致。如： Who is the guy that _ （read）over there? The number of people _ ( do ) sports in the park now.当先行词被one of修饰时，若one of前有the only，则从句的谓语动词用单数，没有only的话则用复数。 He is one of the students who _ never late. 译成汉语：_ He is the only one of the students who _ never late. 译成汉语：_直击中考真题（定语从句）( )1.The Palace Museum is the best place _ Ive ever visited. A. who B. when C. that( )2. Do you know the girl _ is talking to the headmaster over there ? -Of course. She is my sister. A. who B. whom C. which D. what( )3. Now many people smoke and get ill. So we should do something _ can help stop smoking. A. what B. who C./ D. that( )4. The policeman caught the thief _ has stolen Mr. Lis computer. A. which B. whose C. whom D. who( )5 The basketball _ I bought yesterday cost me 80 yuan. A. that B. where C. who D. when( )6. Do you know the boy _ is standing under the tree ? -Yes, he is my friend , Peter. A. who B. when C. what D. which( )7. There will be a flower show in the park _ we visited last week. A. who B. when C. what D. which( )8.-There are so many girls over there. Which one is your sister ? -The one _ hat is yellow. A. who B. whose C. that D. which( )9. I still remember the time _ we spent together at Xisai Mountain last year. A. when B. what C. who D. which( )10.-What are you looking for ? -Im looking for the pen _ my father gave me last week. A. who B. which C. whose D. which( )11. This is the primary school _ I studied three years ago. A. where B. when C. whose D. whom( )12. Please pass me the cartoon book _ has a Mickey Mouse on the cover. A. whom B. whose C. who D. which( )13.I hate people _ talk much but do little. A. who B. which C. whose D. whom( )14. What do you think of the school uniforms ? -Very good. I like clothes _ make m