汉英翻译整理之汉语句子中否定表达的翻译ppt课件

.,汉语句子中否定表达的翻译,主讲：桂妙妙,.,一汉语否定句：汉语中否定概念通过词汇手段来表达，否定句带有否定字词的标记。例如：我不喜欢这部电影。他这样说毫无道理。你得赶紧走，否则会迟到。汉语中也常用“不怎么，不总是，几乎不，几乎没有，不都是，并非所有”等词来表达部分否定。常用“不.没有”“非.不”“非.莫”“不是.不”“决不.没有”等来表达双重否定。,.,二英语否定句英语表达否定概念同样采用词汇手段。如可借助否定词no,never,nor,not,neither等，或具有否定意义的词语，如hardly,rarely,seldom,barely,scarcely,narrowly,few,little等。以及由前缀no-,non-,in-,dis-,un-,im-,和后缀-less等组成的词语。英语中含有否定意义的词汇，还包括其他各类词语和词组：动词：lack,fail,deny,miss,exclude,runshort/outof,keep/stop/refrain/prevent(from),(get)ridof/overlook/deny.名词：absence,exclusion,lack,want,failure,ignorance,denial.,.,WantHewantsthecouragetospeakthetruth.Afterthedisaster,thereweremanywhowantedfoodandshelter.,.,形容词：absent,missing,ignorant,gone,free/far/safefrom,shortof,exclusiveof.介词：beyond,without,above,except,save,but,连词：before,unless,.,也可采用句法手段：RatherthanIthinkIwillhaveacoldratherthanthecoffee.Itismanagementthatisatfaultsratherthantheworkforce.Ratherthanriskbreakinguphismarriage,hetoldhiswifeeverything.,.,OtherthanHeneverspeakstomeotherthantoaskformoney.Shehasnoclosefriendotherthanhim.,.,Morethan.Ilikehermorethanherhusband.Ithadmoretheappearanceofadeliberatecrimethanofanaccident.,.,Heistooyoungtotakecareofhimself.,.,三以否定形式译之我认为他不够格。Idontthinkheisqualified.我们任何时候都没有被困难吓倒过。Neverhavewebeendauntedbythedifficulties.我对他的情况一无所知。Idontknowanythingabouthim.,.,这房子尽管富丽堂皇，但住起来一点也不舒服。Withallitsmagnificence,thehouseisnotatallcomfortabletolivein.动物没有水不能生存，植物没有水也不能生长。Animalscannotlivewithoutwater,neithercanplantsgrow.中国人口的百分之八十在农村，如果不解决这百分之八十的人的生活问题，社会就不会安定的。EightypercentofChinaspopulationliveintheruralareas.Therewillbenosocialstabilityunlesstheirdailyneedsaremet.少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。Ifonedoesnotexertoneselfinyouth,onewillregretitinoldage.,.,四将汉语双重否定译成英语双重否定如果你的学习方法对头，那么在短时间内掌握一门外语并不是不可能。Itisnotimpossibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithinashortperiodifyouhaveagoodstudymethod.开始学英语时，讲英语不可能不犯错误。AtthebeginningoflearningEnglish,youcantspeakitwithoutmakingmistakes.,.,我几乎没有一天不想念他。HardlyadaygoesbywhenIdontmisshim.巧妇难为无米之炊。Youcantmakesomethingoutofnothing.,.,不看秦始皇兵马俑，不算真正到过中国。AtravelerwhohasnotseentheQinDynastyterracottafigurescannotclaimtohavevisitedChina.NoonewhohasnotseentheQinDynastyterracottafigurescanclaimtohavevisitedChina.,.,五以肯定形式译之：英译时借助含有否定意义的词来传译汉语里的否定意义译成英语中的肯定词语有：freefrom/of,safefrom,ignorantof,independentof,devoidof,foreignto,blindto,differentfrom,lessthan,deadto,impatientof,deficientin,aliento等等。,.,汤姆在这次期末考试中未及格。Tomfailedinthefinalexamination.玛丽不愿意去很远的地方工作。Maryisreluctanttoworkinthefarplace.他无可指责。Heisaboveblame.我们不能让孩子们去河里游泳。Wemustkeepthekidsfromswimmingintheriver.这尊雕像在经历大地震后竟毫发未损，仍然矗立。Thestatuesurvivedthegreatearthquake,remainedintactandwasstillstandingthere.,.,我的朋友都不抽烟。Noneofmyfriendssmokes.那决不是明朝的建筑。ThatisanythingbutabuildingoftheMingDynasty.,.,欲速则不达。Morehaste,lessspeed.人民军队离不开人民，就像鱼儿离不开水一样。Thepeopleistothepeoplesarmywhatwateristofish.没有设备，我们就自己制造。Shortofequipment,wemakeitonourown.女孩儿未出嫁，是颗无价宝珠。Agirlbeforemarriageisapreciouspearl.,.,这位老人还没到医院就死了。Theoldmandiedbeforehereachedthehospital.我们决不辜负全国人民对我们的期望。Wewillliveuptotheexpectationofthepeoplealloverthecountry.他的解释不能让人满意。Hisexplanationisfarfromsatisfactory.,.,做母亲的有时不能觉察到自己孩子的过错。Mothersaresometimesblindtothefaultsoftheirchildren.一般的读者几乎读不到这本书。Thebookcanscarcelyreachthecommonreaders.这个计算上的错误没有被会计看出。Theerrorincalculationescapedtheaccountant.,.,没有检测到信号。Nosignalisdetected.在任何情况下，中国都不会首先使用核武器。UndernocircumstancesshouldChinabethefirsttousenuclearweapons.咱们打开天窗说亮话吧，我不怕误解。Iwillthereforespeaktoyouwithoutreserve,andwithoutanydreadofbeingmisunderstood.在场的所有的人一点也不了解发生了什么。Allthepeoplepresentknewnothingaboutwhathadhappened.,.,六将汉语肯定句译成英语否定句。他在这上面费了很多力。Hetooknolittlepainoverit.我对你万分感激。Icouldntthankyouenough.我完全同意。Icouldntagreemore.智者千虑，必有一失。Eventhewisearenotalwaysfreefromerrors