英语语法重点总结.ppt

2003-8-22,1,语法重点总结,独立主格虚拟语气非谓语动词主谓一致倒装,2003-8-22,2,独立主格特征,1.充当句子的状语。2.有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。3.名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+分词4.With+名词（代词）+分词(形容词）例：a)Itbeingraining,Idecidedtostayathome.b)Speechhavingbeendelivered,discussionstarted.c)heenteredtheroom,withhishandsopen（holdingarifle).,2003-8-22,3,真题剖析,(1995)45cliffsnolongercrumbling,thebeachesare46ofthematerialwhichwould47feedthem.45.A.ForB.AsC.WithD.Because练习：Dowhatyouneedtodotokeepthewolf_7_fromthedoor,theworld_8_yourthesisadviser,teamleader,orlaboratorydirector.Thenusetherestofyourtime,perhapsatnightorontheweekends,todo_9_youreallywanttodo.8.A.isB.havingC.beingD.be,2003-8-22,4,虚拟语气（1）,2003-8-22,5,虚拟语气（2）,1.（should）+动词原形It+be动词+形容词(-able)(essential,odd,vital,absurd,regrettable,desirable)+that从句It+be动词+名词(pity,shame)+that从句It+be动词+过去分词(ordered,begged,voted,moved)+that从句部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等)+that从句2.Its(high,about)timethat+动词过去式wouldrather+动词过去式,2003-8-22,6,真题剖析,(1997)IwouldntbetruthfulifI47saythatteachingishardwork.47.A.doB.didC.dontD.didnt(1993)TheCaironewspapersthenextdaycarriedbannerheadlinesaboutthestudentdemonstration52,andthey53thattheprofessorbesenthome.53.A.orderedB.pleadedC.decidedD.demanded,2003-8-22,7,练习：Yearsagotheexpertswarnedusthatthecar-ownershipexplosionwoulddemandalotmoregive-and-takefromallroadusers.Itishightimethatwe_15_thismessagetoheart.15.A.tookB.wouldtakeC.willtakeD.shouldtake(2003.3)Itisedifying,anditisasourceofinnersatisfactioneven_54_otherfacetsoflifeprovedisappointing.(evenifotherfacetsoflifeshouldprovedisappointing.)54.A.shallB.willC.wouldD.should,2003-8-22,8,非谓语动词,动名词、分词、不定式。主动或被动。(doing/done,todo/tobedone)发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/havingdone/havingbeendone,todo/tohavedone/tohavebeen)To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。,2003-8-22,9,真题剖析,(2000)IntheinnercitiesofAmerica,newspapersregularlyreportonnewbornbabies60intogarbagebinsbydrug-addictedmothers.60.A.droppedB.todropC.droppingD.drops(2001.3)Aheroinaddict,forinstance,leadsa59life:hisincreasingneedforheroininincreasingdosespreventshimfromworking,frommaintainingrelationships,fromdevelopinginhumanways.59.A.destructiveB.dissatisfiedC.damagedD.derivative,2003-8-22,10,主谓一致(1),1.整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。Howyougottheredoesntconcernme.Growingvegetablesneedsconstantwatering.2.表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。Eighthundreddollarsisenoughtoliveon.3.以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics,economics,measles,diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。4.“分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。Twothirdsofthevillagesareflooded(theareaisunderwater).,2003-8-22,11,主谓一致(2),5.不定代词(one,each,everyone,everybody,everything,noone,nobody,nothing,anyone,anybody,anything,someone,somebody,something等)作主语，谓语用单数。Everyoneknowsthatyouvecomehere.Ifanybodywantstoseeme,letthemwaittillIcomeback.(-thing的情况例外)6.谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（aswellas,with,alongwith,togetherwith,asmuchas,accompaniedby,besides,but,except,inadditionto,like,morethan,nolessthan,ratherthan,including等）HenolessthanJohnisinterestedinliterature.,2003-8-22,12,主谓一致(3),7.谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or,eitheror,neithernor,notonlybutalso,notbut,partlypartly等)Eithermyfatherormybrothersarecoming.8.each,every,manya,no+主语，谓语用单数。ManyastudentandteacherhasbeentotheGreatWall.,2003-8-22,13,真题剖析,(2000)MexicoCityalready52twentymillionpeopleandCalcuttatwelvemillion.AccordingtotheWorldBank,53ofAfricascitiesaregrowingby10%ayear,54ofurbanizationeverrecorded.53.A.noneB.fewC.anyD.some,2003-8-22,14,倒装,一、全部倒装二、部分倒装,2003-8-22,15,全部倒装,1.“There(Here)+be+主语”Therestandbigbuildingsinthisdistrict.Hereonthedeskliesapileofbooks.2.单个副词(in,out,now,up,down,away,off,then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如itblewup.)Incametheboss./Aheadsatanoldman.3.介词短语作状语位于句首Inthemiddleoftheroomstoodthenaughtyboy.,2003-8-22,16,全部倒装,4.表语位于句首Especiallyremarkablewashisflatnose.Notfarfromhereisafamousuniversity.5.so,nor,neither,nomore位于句首,代表前文Shewasntangry,andneitherwasI.Peterdoesntlikepopmusic.Nomoredoeshisbrother.6.分词短语位于句首（分词+be+主语）Goneforeverwerethedaysthatwedependedonforeignoil.,2003-8-22,17,部分倒装,1.疑问句2.否定副词(seldom,rarely,scarcely,hardly,little,never,few,notuntil,notonly)位于句首（作形容词时例外）NeverdidJohnspeakrudelytohisparents.3.“only+状语”位于句首Onlywhenhecomesbackcanbeleave.4.“hardlywhen”,“scarcelywhen”,“nosoonerthan”,“notonly(butalso)”位于句首Nosoonerhadhegotintotheclassroomthantheclassbegan.,2003-8-22,18,部分倒装,5.not,no组成的词组位于句首(innoway,undernocircumstances,onnoaccount)Bynomeansshouldyoubreaktherules.Atnotimeshouldwegiveintodifficulties.6.虚拟倒装(had,were,should放到句首)7.“形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词”Smallthoughtheroomis,itcanholdmorethantwentypeople.Searchastheywould,theycouldfindnothinginthehouse.,2003-8-22,19,真题剖析,(2000)Fasterthaneverbefore,thehumanworldisbecominganurbanworld.Bythemillionstheycome,theambitiousandthedown-troddenoftheworlddrawnbythestrangemagnetismofurban46.46.A.wayB.lifeC.areaD.people,2003-8-22,20,限定词的用法,1.Both,each,either,neither(只指两个)2.All,every,each,some,an