英语倒装句详解

倒装句详解概念：用以表示一定句子结构的需要和强调某一句子成分的需要, 分为完全倒装和部分倒装.一.完全倒装： 句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前.此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时.1.以here, there, now, then等副词或 out, in, up, down, away等表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首以示强调, 句子要全部倒装, 谓语动词常用come,go, be, lie,run,rush等.2. 表示地点的介词短语位于句首时A beautiful lake lies at the foot of the hill At the foot of the hill lies a beautiful lake.注意：在上述句子中, 如果主语为人称代词, 则主、谓不需要倒装.In he came and back he went again. Away he went . 二.部分倒装：be/助动词/情态动词提前到主语的前面.Is am are was were（be动词）do does did（助动词） can could would may will might（情态动词） 等1.only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句放在句首时, 要进行部分倒装. Only then did I realize the importance of learning English.Only after he came back was I able to see him.注：only修饰主语, 仍用自然语序, 如：Only socialism can save China. I seldom go to the cinema. 倒装：Seldom do I go to the cinema. 我很少去看电影I have never seen such a performance.倒装：Never have I seen such a performance. 我从来没有看过这样的表演2.否定副词及介词短语的否定词位于句首时.高考常考的这类词或词语有：never , not, seldom, hardly, little, nowhere, by no means, in no time等 .3.not until 引导的从句位于句首引起的主句部分倒装He didnt finish his homework until his mother came back. 倒装：Not until his mother came back did he finish his homework. 直到他的妈妈回来, 他才完成作业.The mother didnt leave the room until the child fell asleep.倒装：Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.等到孩子睡着了, 妈妈才离开房间注意：当Not until引出主从复合句, 主句倒装, 从句不倒装.4、as/ though (虽然, 尽管）引导的让步状语从句名词形容词副词分词+asthough+主语+其他Although I am ugly, I am gentle.倒装：Ugly as I am, I am gentle. Though he is a child, he has to make a living. 倒装：Child as he is, he has to make a living. 注意：从句的表语是名词, 其名词前不加任何冠词 5.用于so nor neither 开头的句子 A、So +be/助动词/情态动词+主语某人也是如此Nor/neither +be/助动词/情态动词+主语某人也不是如此 1). 他喜欢读书, 我也是He likes reading very much. So do I . 2). 我从来没有去过广州大学, 他也是I have never been to Guangzhou University, neither/ nor has he. Betty is a nice girl. So she is B、So +主语+be/助动词/情态动词某人确实如此6.在 hardly/scarcely/when； no soonerthan; not only but also；so.that; suchthat 的倒装句中, 前倒后不倒. hardly/scarcely/ no sooner后句子的谓语用had done, when/than后句子的谓语用一般过去时 (1) Hardly / Scarcely had he fallen asleep when a loud knock at the door awaked him.(2) No sooner had I reached the station than train moved. (3) Not only is he interested in football but also he plays it well.(4) So hard does he work that he has made great progress in English.7. If 虚拟条件从句中.从句有(were/should/had)1）If I were you, I would work hard. 倒装：Were I you, I would work hard. 2) If it should rain tomorrow, we would put off our meeting. 倒装: Should it rain tomorrow, we would put off our meeting. 3）If he had followed my advice, he would have succeeded.倒装：Had he followed my advice, he would have succeeded. 8.May置句首, 表示祝愿.May you succeed.祝你成功！补充知识1.全部倒装 全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前.此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时.常见的结构有： 1)here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run等表示来去或状态的动词.Then came the chairman. 那时总裁来了. Here is your letter. 你的信. 2)表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首, 谓语表示运动的动词. Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. 轰炸机肚底下窜出一枚导弹. Ahead sat an old woman. 前面坐着一个老妪. 注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词, 如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装.Here he comes. 他来了. Away they went. 他们走开了. 2.部分倒装 部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前.如果句子的谓语没有助动词或情态动词, 则需添加助动词do, does或did, 并将其置于主语之前. 1.句首为否定或半否定的词语, 如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time决不, in no way, not until 等.Never have I seen such a performance. 从未见过如此糟糕的表演. Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. 无论如何你不会找到这个问题的答案的. Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 母亲一直到孩子入睡后离开房间. 2.当Not until引出主从复合句, 主句倒装, 从句不倒装.注意： 如否定词不在句首不倒装. I have never seen such a performance. -never have I seen such a performance.The mother didnt leave the room until the child fell asleep. -not until the child fell asleep the mother did leave the room.改写为正常语序为, Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 现在将not提前, 后面就不能再用否定了,否则意思就变了. 3.以否定词开头作部分倒装 如 Not onlybut also, Hardly/Scarcelywhen, No sooner than等, 要倒装.Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender. 他没有收下礼物, 还狠狠批评了送礼的人. Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her. 她刚出门, 就有个学生来访. No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her. 她刚出门, 就有个学生来访. 4. so, neither, nor作部分倒装 用这些词表示也、也不 的句子要部分倒装. Tom can speak French. So can Jack. 汤姆会讲法语, 杰克也会. If you wont go, neither will I.你不去, 我也不去. 注意：当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时, 不可用倒装结构.意为的确如此.Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. 汤姆邀我去踢球, 我去了. -Its raining hard.-So it is. 雨下得真大.是呀. 5. only在句首倒装的情况. Only in this way, can you learn English well. 只有这样, 你才能学好英语. Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting. 叫了三次, 他才来参加会议. 如果句子为主从复合句, 则主句倒装, 从句不倒装.Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed. 病得狠重时, 他才卧床休息. 6. as, though 引导的倒装句 as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前（形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前）.但需注意： 1）句首名词不能带任何冠词. 2）句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后.如果实义动词有宾语和状语, 随实义动词一起放在主语之前. Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily. 他工作很努力, 但总不能让人满意. 注意：让步状语从句中, 有though, although时, 后面的主句不能有but, 但是 though 和yet可连用. 7. 其他部分倒装 1）so that 句型中的so 位于句首时, 需倒装.So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch. 他害怕得很, 动也不敢动. 2）在某些表示祝愿的句型中.例如： May you all be happy. 愿你们都快乐. 3）在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词, 可将if 省略, 把 were, had, should 移到主语之前, 采取部分倒装.例如： Were I you, I would try it again. 我是你的话, 就再试一次. 深化拓展一、全倒装：五全=有 时 表 地 方经常与be/come/exist/fall/follow/go/remain/seem/stand（表示移动或动态的不及物动词连用）或用表示类似存在观念的其他不及物动词如：live, stand, come, lie, flow, enter, rise 和appear等1、有：在there be结构里There is a box on the table.桌子上面有一个盒子.2、时：表示时间副词, 如：now, then,Now comes your turn.现在轮到你了.3、表：表语放句子前,表语系动词主语 的结构Present at the party were Mr. Green and many other guests. 格林先生和其他的客人在这个聚会上.Seated on the ground are a group of young men.一群年轻人坐在了地上.4、地：地点状语放在句首In south of the river lies a small factory. 小工厂位于河的南方.From the valley came a cry.山谷传来一阵哭声.5、方：表方位的副词here, there 或out, in, up, down, away, off等标志词放在句首There lies a large wheat field in front of the house.房子前面有一大片麦田.Off all the lights went when I came in.当我进来时, 所有的灯都灭了.二、半倒装：八部=不 只 让步 也 常 需（虚） 如此 祝福1、不表示否定no, not, never, hardly, no,not,never,hardly,barely,seldom,rarely,scarcely,no longer,nowhereNever have I been to Beijing.我从没有没有去过北京.绝不：at n time, in no way, by no means, on no account, in no case, in/under no circumstanceAt no time can we give up.我们决不能放弃.Not until .:直到Not until my mother came home did I go to bed.知道我妈妈回家我才睡觉.Hardly/ Scarcely.(过完）.when.（一过）.:一.就.No sooner.(过完）.than.（一过）.:一.就.He had hardly got home when it happened to rain.=Had he hardly got home when it happened to rain.他一到家碰巧就下雨了.Not only.but also.:（前倒后不倒）Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender. 他没有收下礼物, 还狠狠批评了送礼的人2、只：only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句放在句子开头时.Only then did I realize that I was wrong.只有到那时我才意识到我错了.Only in this way can you learn from your mistake.只有用这样的方法你可以从错误中学习.Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work.只有当战争于1918年结束时候, 他才能够快乐地回到工作当中. 当only 之后所接的不是状语时不可以用倒装Only Comrade Zhang knows about the matter.只有张同志知道这件事.3、让步：as/though/although引导让步状语从句时要倒装（形/副/名/动+as +主语 + 谓语）Proud as they are, they are afraid to see me.尽管他们自豪, 但是他们还怕见到我.Child as he is, he seems to know everythi