英语语音教学课件

英语语音教学,郭蕾长江大学外国语学院,RequirementsDoattendclass.Dotakethefinalexam.DontspeakwhileImspeaking.Dontaffectthestudentsaroundyou.,元音vowels单元音：/i:/I/e/Q/E/E:/V/u:/u/O:/X/A:/双元音：/eI/aI/XI/EU/au/IE/uE/eE/辅音consonants/p/b/t/d/k/g/f/v/s/z/T/D/S/Z/h/r/,/tS/dZ/m/n/N/L/W/J/辅音连缀：/tr/dr/ts/dz/,Outlineofcontents,Chapter1Basicconcepts:syllables,stressandrhythmChapter2Vowels:frontvowelsandChapter3CentralvowelsChapter4Vowels:backvowelsChapter5Vowels:diphthongs(双元音),Chapter6Consonants（辅音）:stops(塞音/爆破音)Chapter7Consonants:fricativesandaffricates(摩擦音和破擦音)Chapter8Consonants:nasals（鼻腔音）,approximants（延续音）andliterals（旁流音）Chapter9StressedsyllablesandunstressedsyllablesChapter10StressedwordsandunstressedwordsinasentenceChapter11strongformsandweakforms,Chapter12LinkingChapter13RhythmofEnglishspeechChapter14TypesofintonationinEnglishChapter15IntonationunitsofEnglishChapter16Functionsnowork,nomoney.Herhusbandisverylucky.Whatthecoloristhetruck?Shehasenoughmoneytorepairthetruck.Luckyatcards,unluckyinlove.,Dialogue:A:Lookatthisguy.Heseemstohavetoostronglustforbucks.B:Butyoucantgowithoutmoney.A:Andonecanthavebucksandloveatthesametime.B:Butfewgirlswouldloveamanwithoutbucks.A:Andfewgirlswouldloveamanwhoonlyhasbucks.B:wellerA:Trustme.Lovebuiltonmoneyisnottruelove.,第四节：双元音根据发音特点，英语双元音可分为：合口双元音和集中双元音。英语双元音是由两个音合二为一，发音时由第一个音向第二个音滑动，滑动过程中没有任何停顿。双元音发音饱满、圆润、悦耳动听。英语双元音由第一个音向第二个音滑动过程中，第一个音长而响亮，并自然而连贯地向第二个音滑动，第二个音短而含糊；一般来说，第一个音向第二个音滑动时，不到第二个音的发音部位，发音就告完成。注意：避免把双元音单音化。,合口双元音（5个）/eI/EU/aI/aU/OI/第二个音/I/和/u/是合口元音，因此叫做合口双元音。集中双元音(3个)/IE/eE/UE/发音时，舌头从较前/I/,/e/或较后/u/的部位向中元音/E/的部位滑动。,A.合口双元音1./eI/发音要领：口形由/e/向/I/滑动，下巴向上合拢，舌位随之抬高。双元音的发音特点是前轻后重，前长后短。hate,late,save,face,make,hay(干草),same,day,became,waste,play,game,fame,famous,shame,snake,plate,shape,shake,complain,Expressions:saveherfacebecamefamousleaveaspacecallaspadeaspadewaitatthegateontheLaborDayneverwastemakeasillymistakeonthesamedayplayagame,hatetolateputintheshadegothispayinthesamewaygoingtothelakeseeasnakemarryinhastewaituntilalaterdate,Sentences:Imsorryforcominglateagain.Hebecamefamousinthelate1950s.Themanagermadeabigmistakeinthedeal.Onthesamedayanotherplanecrashhappened.Shealwayscallsaspadeaspade.SheisonapaidjourneytotheStates.Nopains,nogains.Hastemakeswaste.Apennysavedisapennygained.,Dialogue:A:Mrs.Taylorisagooddressmaker,isntshe?B:Yes.Thenewdressshemadeisgreat.A:MaybeIneedhertomakeoneforme.B:Waitaminute,Jane.Itstimetobakethebread.,A:Hey,Rachel.Didyoutakethetest?B:No,Icouldntmakeit.A:Howcomeyoucouldntmakeit?B:IwenttoseeaBroadwayPlay.A:Whatashame!Whenwillyoutakethemakeuptest?B:MaybeinAprilorMay.,2./Eu/发音要领：口形由中元音/E/向后元音/U/滑动，双唇由扁平变成圆形，到/U/的位置就停止发音。go,no,hope,hold,post,goat,home,poem,gold,coast,road,cold,toe,bone,compose,smoke,nose,photo,tomato,potato,boat,notice,local,Expressions:gohomesocoldnohopeholdapostGoldCoastmakeatoastmakeajokeontheroadbeallboneswroteapoem,inaholeHolyGhostfollowonesnosesharewealandwoe(同甘共苦)thelocallanguagepaythroughthenose（付出过高的代价）,Sentences:Heisnobodyandholdsnoposthere.Itssocoldoutside.Letsgohome.Thereisnosmokewithoutfire.Witonceboughtisworthtwicetaught.Heboughttheboatwithverylowprice.Shesaysyouhavenohopeofwinningtherole.PleasetellJoetolowerhisvoice.,Dialogue:A:Imgoingtothegrocerystore.Wouldyouliketogowithme?B:Sorry.Ihavetowritealetter.A:AnythingIcandoforyou?B:Canyougetsometomatoesforme?A:OK.Howmanydoyouwant?B:Onekilo.Thanks.,3./aI/发音要点：由舌位低、口型大的前元音/a/向舌位高、口型小的/I/滑动。发音时舌尖要抵住下齿。I,like,my,life,wife,shy,white,lie,price,high,die,fight,night,quiet,wide,horizon,ride,tide(潮水),tidy,mind,kite,knife,pie,light,ice-cream,iron,time,mine,nine,bright,night,eye,sky,Expressions:mylifeinthecountrysideverynicetheblueskyaquietnightthesnowwhiteSnowWhiteswimwiththetidepayaprice,tellaliewhitelieatthefirstsightblueandbrightwidenmyhorizonOutofsight,outofmind.,Sentences:Sheisonlytellingawhitelie.Thecolorofthekiteisblueandwhite.Mikeswifelikesherlifeinthecountryside.Pricesaresky-highthesedays.MydaughterlikesthestorySnowWhiteandtheSevenDwarfs.Strikewhileironishot.Timeandtidewaitfornoman.Greatmindsthinkalike.,Alldaylongthesunshinesbright,Themoonandstarscomeoutatnight.Fromtwilighttimetheylinetheskies,Andwatchtheworldwithquieteyes.白天阳光普照，夜晚明月繁星闪耀。用美丽的光辉点缀天空，用安详的目光把世界看护。,Dialogue:A:Whathappenedtoyoulastnight?B:Iwasdrivingandjumpedtheredlight.A:Didyoupayafine?B:Thepoliceaskedmeforfifty-fivedollars.A:Whydontyouwearthetieyourwifeboughtforyou?B:Itstoobright.A:Butitfitsyouperfectly.B:Iknow.ButIjustdontlikethetie.,A:Whydoyoulikelivinginthecountryside?B:Becausetheskyishighandtheairisfresh.A:Butthingsaredifficultinthecountryside.B:Iknow.Butthepriceoffoodisnotashighasitisinthecity.,4./au/发双元音/au/时，由舌位低，口型大的前元音/a/向舌位低、口型小的后元音/U/滑动，结束时双唇收圆稍向前突。cow,mouse,house,blouse,towel,how,out,about,accountant,loud,hour,sour,mouth,outcome,outline,output,outside,crowd,coward,crown,ground,shower,flower,Brown,Expressions:howaboutshoutoutspeakoutloudoutofdatefrommouthtomouthlikeadrownedmouseverysourwatchoutlookoutsidealargecrowd,Sentences:Whataboutgoingtothesouthfortheholiday?ReaditloudersothatIcanhearyoubetter.DontbeabigmouthtowhatIhavetoldyou.Thefacilitiesofthathotelareoutofdate.Ithinksheispennywiseandpoundfoolish.IsSallystillpoundingthepavements?,Dialogue:A:Ineedsomeonetohelpmewiththehousework.B:Whatdoyouwanthimtodo?A:Well,milkthecow,killthemouse,washthetowel,andcleanthehouse.B:Howcouldyoufindtheonethatcoulddothesethingswell?A:ThatswhatIamworriedabout.,5./OI/发音要点：由后、低元音/O/向前、高元音/I/滑动，口型由开、圆逐渐变为合、扁，尾音短促。boy,toy,joy,soy(酱油，大豆),join,coin,oil,boil,noise,noisy,employ,spoil,boil,choice,poison,point,annoy,toil,moil,oyster,destroy,Expressions:toilandmoilanofficeboytothepointjointhearmyliveforenjoymentmakenonoiseaspoiledkidexploitanoilfieldworkinajointventure,Sentences:Comeandenjoytheoyster.DontspoilRoybygivinghimtoomanytoys.Iminahurry,sogettothepoint.Youshouldavoidmakingsuchamistake.Unemploymenthasbecomeoneoftheserousproblems.Dontmaketoomuchnoiseintheroom.,Dialogue:A:IwanttobuyatoyforRoy.B:ForRoy?Youwanttobuyhimanothertoy?A:Whynot?Heenjoysplayingwithtoys.B:Heenjoysdestroyingtoys,too.Youdbetternotspoilhim.,A:Wearegoingouttomorrow.Willyouandyourfriendsjoinus？B:Thatsagoodidea,butIhaveanappointment.IdontthinkIcanmakeit.A:Iguessyouaregoingtoajointadventureforajobinterview.B:Thatsright.IdontthinkIwillmissoutonthechance.,B.集中双元音一共有3个：/IE/eE/UE/1./IE/发音要点：由I音滑向E音。前面的I音发得较清楚，后面的E较弱。双唇始终半开。此音一定要发足。,Words:near,here,dear,hear,ear,tear,fear,clear,real,beer,rear,gear(齿轮,装备),shear(修剪),sneer(嘲笑),spear（矛）,various,sheer（十足的）,peer(伙伴),weary(疲倦的),cheer,zero,theory,beard,idea,theater,museum,sincere,Expressions:mydearestcomeherebeallearsshednotearsdrinkthebeerrear-viewmirrorhereandthereyearinandyearout（年复一年）,Sentences：1.Pleasetellhernottoshedtearsbeforeherdearones.2.Sheisallearsandhearingyouclearly.3.Isthereapost-officenearhere?4.NewYearsDayisnear.5.Theycheeredtheherowhenheappeared.,Dialogues:A:Whatsup?Shesburstintotears.B:Nothingmuch.Justdrunktoomuchbeer.Youknowsomepeoplecrywhentheyredrunk.A:Wheredoyouprefer,thetheaterorthemuseum?B:Iprefertogotothemuseum.A:Well,letsgothemuseumfirst,thendrinkaglassofbeer.B:Great.Iknowtheresawonderfulbarnearthemuseum.,A:Lookatthispicture.Thedeerissotall.B:No,itsnotadeer.Itsagiraffe.Giraffesareamongthetallestanimals.A:Theyretallerthanbothdonkeysanddeers?B:Muchtaller,Ishouldsay.Butcanyouthinkofanyotheranimalswhicharetallerthandeer?A:Wellwhataboutelephants?B:Elephantsaremuchlargerthandeer,andtheyretallerthandeer.A:Youareright.,A:Wouldyouliketohaveanthingtodrink?B:Yes.Idlovetohavesomebeer.A:Howdoyoulikeit,icedorwithoutice?B:Withoutice.Idontwanttohavethetastespoiled.A:Hereyouare.B:Thanks.Oh,itsverygoodbeer.A:Imgladyoulikeit.Bytheway,whatsyourplanforthesummerholiday?B:Ivenoidea.MaybeIllbegoingsurfingwithJack.A:Whataboutgoingsurfingtogether?B:Thatsagoodidea!,2./eE/发音要点：从音滑向音。发音时舌尖抵下齿，前舌略抬起，双唇半开，此音中的略宽，舌位高度在和之间。音较低。Words:pear,bear,chair,there,their,careful,square,airport,dare（敢）,care,share,where,hare,fair（美丽的）,mare(母马),spare（节省）,stair,wear,stare（盯）,repair,various,rare（罕见的）,Expressions:fairytaleararemetalsparesometimeIdontcaresharewealandwoeweal(福利)woe(悲哀)thewhereaboutsnotturnahair不动声色wearalongfaceanotherpairofshoeslionsshare,Sentences:Idontcareifshewouldbeinfavouroftheproposal.Thelovingcouplehassharedwealsandwoesthroughouttheyears.Thatsquiteanotherpairofshoes.Shehasdonethelionsshareofthejob.Wheretheresawill,theresaway.Thereresomepearsonthechairdownstairs.,DialoguesA:Wherewillthetradefairbeheld,Jack?B:ThetradefairwillbeheldintheTownHall.A:Whydontyougothereforyourpears?B:Idontthinkwecansellthepearsatsuchatradefair.A:DoyouknowthatMikehasbeenmeddlingwithyourbusiness?B:Yes,Ido.ButIdontcarewhathehasbeendoing.Hewontharmusahair.A:Doesyourbossknowthat?B:Yes,hedoes.ButMikedidntseemtogetinhishair.(惹怒),3./uE/发音要点：发音时，嘴唇从收圆到半开。发好这个音的关键是首先要把音发足，然后滑向音sure,pure,poor,tour,tourist,fewer,moor(荒野),your,unsure,brochure(小册子),jewel,jewelry,our,during,casual，pure,apoorladymakesuremakearound-theworldtouryourjudgementtravelbrochureslongwalksonthemoorsourworldFive-starBeerBreweryinmostpartsofEuropecuredthepatientajewellerydealer,Sentences:Hemakesfewerandfewermistakesinhiswriting.Duringthattime,IwasinEuropeforabusinesstour.Thetouristwascurioustoknowthestorybehindthemural./mjuErEL/壁画Imquitesurethatthewatchismadeofpuregold.OurproductfoundagoodmarketinmanyoftheEuropeancountries.Hetookacasuallookatthepaintingandfounditquiteunusual.Inthiscountry,somepeoplearegettingricherandricherwhileothersaregettingpoorerandpoorer.Thedoctorsurelytriedhardtocurehepatient.Youcanbeassuredthathewillnotletoutthesecret.,Dialogue:A:Itsapitythattherearefewerandfewerwell-preservedoldstructures.B:Yes.AndImsuretheywilltotallydisappearinafewyearstime.A:Buttouristsarenotinterestedinthehigh-risemodernblocks.B:Thetroubleisthatpeoplecannotseethatpoint.,A:Whatabeautifuljewel!B:Thiswasthegiftformybirthday.A:Isitfromyourboyfriend?B:Sure.Hewantsmetomarryhim.A:WhywereyousofuriousatJoelastnight?B:Becausehecheatedatourst.A:Whatdidthathaveanthingtodowithyou?B:Icouldnotputupwithsuchaguy.A:Noteverybodywhohasapuremindlikeyou.,第三章英语辅音（consonants）,爆破音：/p/b/;/t/d/;/k/g/-清辅音：(voicelesssound）/p/t/k/-浊辅音：(voicedsound)/b/d/g/摩擦音：/f/v/;/T/D/;/s/z/;/S/Z/h/r/,破擦音：/tS/dZ/鼻辅音音：/N/舌侧音：/l/半元音：/w/j/,英语辅音的发音特点：1）气流受阻。从肺部呼出的气流在通过口腔或鼻腔时遇到阻碍。（发元音时不受任何阻碍）2）气流较强。（发元音时气流较弱）3）阻碍部分肌肉较紧张（发元音时使肌肉均衡地保持紧张）4）有清、浊之分。且清浊成对较多。,第一节爆破辅音PlosicveConsonants,1./p/b/为双唇爆破音发音方法：发音时双唇紧闭，憋住气，然后突然分开，气流冲出口腔，发出爆破音。/是清辅音，发音时只送气，声带不振动。/b/是浊辅音，发音时不送气，声带振动。people,pet,prince,pill,pie,pupil,paper,poor,purple,pilot,put,park,play,plane,airport,chips,jump,shop,help,ship,map,/p/putout,payforit,apaperbag,keeppacewith,PacificOcean,apackagetour,takepainsStopplayingtheharp.Youcanpractiseaftersupper.Peterispattingthelittleblackcat.BasketballisapopularsportinChina.BakerandParkerbumpedintoeachotherinapark.,/b/的发音方法：发音时双唇紧闭，憋住气，然后突然分开，气流冲出口腔，发出爆破音。/b/是浊辅音，发音时声带振动。bike,bed,bee,table,baby,better,boast,buy,book,box,boss,big,bottle,black,bother,break,brief,hamburger,footballlab,job,cab,/b/ababy-sitter,holdthebaby,backup,talkback,beautyspot,outofthebag,bankdeposit,abadtime,A:Peter,wouldyouliketohaveameatpie?B:No,thanks.Pleasepoursomewaterintothepot.Imthirsty.A:Iloveyou,MissBrown.B:Sorry,MrBlack.ButIlovepaul.A:MissBrown,butPaulwontbeagoodhusband.B:Maybenot.Willyoubeagoodhusband,Mr.Black?A:Youbet,MissBrown.B:Butthisisjustyourownopinion.,2./t/d/为舌尖齿龈爆破辅音。发音方法：发音时舌尖抵上齿龈，憋住气，然后突然分开，使气流冲出口腔，发出爆破音。/t/是清辅音，发音时声带不振动。/d/是浊辅音，发音时声带振动。taxi，teddy，time，too，toy，test,T-shirt，tall,talk,sweater，gently，visit，wait,wet，subject，elephant，light,fight,letter,little,eat,that,student,out,/t/turnthetable(转败为胜),tailor-made,takeout,takedown,abadtaste,ateabag,tea-time,teacup,alotteryticket,tidyup,todayandtomorrowTonguetwister:Thisisahat,thatisacap.Thisisacat,thatisarat.Thecatisinthehat,theratisinthecap.,/d/的发音方法：发音时舌尖抵上齿龈，憋住气，然后突然分开，使气流冲出口腔，发出爆破音。/d/是浊辅音，发音时声带振动。bad,dog,bed,glad,hand,do,down,die,red,head,need，deer，date，dip，dig，duck，add,middle,suddendarknight,dateback,outofdate,fromdawntodust,dayafterday,dayinanddayout,atdaybreak,dothedirty,dogdays(三伏天),abarkingdog,doortodoor,darkenthedoor,Whatdidyouaddinthetea?Dontshedcrocodiletears.Daviddancealldayuntildark.Allthatglittersisnotgold.-ed在/t/和/d/结尾的动词后发/Id/Hemendedtheradioforme.Theyboardedtheplaneontime.Shewantedtoseethefilm.Pauladmittedhemadeamistake.,语音小知识：辅音的省略,辅音的省略通常是为了发音的方便，主要省略单词中或词与词之间的舌尖齿龈爆破音/t/和/d/1)快速语流中，词中的三个辅音相连时，中间的/t/和/d/通常弱化甚至脱落。exactly,mostly,handbag,friendbag,dustman,landlord2)在快速语流中，如果前词以非爆破辅音+/t/或/d/结尾，而后词以辅音开头，前词的尾辅音/t/和/d/很容易脱落。nextweek,firstsight,lastnight,bendback,oldman,boldface,worldwide,3)动词的过去式或过去分词的词尾-ed的读音：-ed在清辅音结尾的动词后发/t/Wewalkedforalongtime.Shestoppedandhavealook.Shelaughedandlaughed.Ireachedschoolat8.Imissedmymotheralot.,否定形式以-nt结尾，当后面接以辅音开头的词时，常常省略/t/.Doesntsheknow?/dVznSInEU/Youmustntlostit./JUMVsnlu:zIt/历史上某些省音现象逐渐定型，成为今天某些词的正式读音。kindness,listen,castle,know,lamb,cupboard,3./k/g/为舌后软腭爆破音。发音方法：发音时舌后部隆起紧贴软腭，憋住气，然后突然分开，气流送出口腔，形成爆破音。/k/是清辅音，发音时只送气，声带不振动。/g/是浊辅音，不送气，声带振动。kill，keen，kite，kick，back，pick，duck,cast，come，cap，cave，card，cough,lake，make，steak，kind,lake,park,cook,go,baggage,begging,dog,get,gate,leg,bag,give,goat,girl,egg,dialogue,exact,example,exhaust,gap，gum，give，glove，get，go,goal，great，bag，pigDontkickthekitten.Kateisflyingakiteinthesky.Cutyourcoataccordingtoyourcloth,A:Wheresmykey?B:Onthedesk,Ithink.A:Butthatonecantopenthislock.A:Wasitagoodgame?B:Itwasaterrificgame,Ithink.A:DidBeckhamscore?B:Hescoredtwice.,g音的练习,Agoodbeginningmakesagoodending.Heisdigginginhisgarden.Maggieplayedthegameagainandagain.,语音小知识：爆破音的特殊发音,1.不送气（清辅音浊化）当爆破音/p/t/k/为重度音节的首辅音时，它们都要送气，如pick,top,cool.当/p/t/k/前面有摩擦音、后面又紧跟元音时，那么/p/t/k/与元音之间就没有这样的气流，这样的现象叫做不送气，即浊化。如：speak,stop,school当爆破辅音/p/t/k/为音节的尾音或非重读音节时，它们只有微软的送气。如：keep,let,make,keeper,letter,maker,2.不完全爆破或失去爆破当一个爆破音跟另一个爆破音相遇时，往往失去爆破，这主要是因为两个辅音的间隔太小，这种现象在语音学上称为“失去爆破”或“特殊爆破”。第一个音有停顿，无爆破，但第二个音一定要爆破且发音。不完全爆破或失去爆破可以发生在音节内部，音节之间，和词与词之间。不完全爆破有下列几种情况：两个不同的爆破音相连时，第一个音不完全爆破或失去爆破。如：act,kept,football,obtain,blackboard,goodbye,whitepaper,两个相同或发音部位相同的爆破音相连时，发音要领是一次成阻一次除阻，但持阻时间要延长，相当于一个爆破音持阻时间的两倍。如：biggirl,fasttrain,bigcar,greatday三个爆破音相连时，第二个爆破音完全丢失，第一个和第三个爆破音按照两爆破音相连时的发音方法发音。如：actblindly,lockedcar爆破音后面出现摩擦音或破擦音时第一个爆破音则不完全爆破，能听到轻微的爆破声，主要是听到后面的摩擦音或破擦音。如：absent,redshirt,picture,object,abigchange,agoodchild,A:Whatsthedatetoday?B:Decemberthefifteenth.ThedayaftertomorrowislittleDennysbirthday.A:Ialmostfogotthat.Howoldishe?B:Thirteentodayandtomorrow.Fourteenthedayaftertomorrow.A:Howtimeflies!,A:Doctor,mydaughterisnotwell.B:Well,tellmesomedetails.A:Shedoesntfeellikeeating.B:Whatshername?Illwritethisdown.A:Linda.B:OK.Igotit.,第二节摩擦辅音FricativeConsonants,/f/v/；/T/D/；/s/z/；/S/Z/；/h/r/f/v/为唇齿摩擦音。发音方法：下唇轻触上齿，气流由唇齿间的缝隙中通过，摩擦成音。/f/发音时送气强，但声带不振动，是清辅音。/v/发音时声带振动，但气流较弱，是浊辅音。,/f/音练习,flower,first,wife,knifefour,five,fox,face,film,firefighter,footballfloor,fly,friendfrogfront,careful,beautifulhalf,calf,life,Laugh,enoughcoughoff,officephrase,physics,1.IfIfeelbetteronFriday,Illgotomyfriendsparty.2.Ifyoubuyfish,makesureitsfresh.3.IfFredlaughs,helooksfunny.,/v/音练习,唇齿摩擦辅音。发音时下唇轻触上齿，气流由唇齿间缝隙中通过，形成摩擦音。/v/是浊辅音，声带振动。very,visit,voice,vase(/ves/),vegetable,vowel,vowclever,driver,seven,stevenTV,glove,have,move,live,love,lovely,five,1.Fiveandsevenmaketwelve.2.AllEnglishvowelsarevoiced.3.Thereresomeveryfineviewsdownthevalley.4.Weservesoft-drinkatfive.5.Vickiisafootballfan.6.Thevotewaspositive,notnegative.7.Thedetectivefoundvariousphotosinthefile.8.IfIwereyou,Idgiveupsmoking.,A:WhatcanIdoforyou?B:Imlookingforapairofearings.A:Well,heretheyare.Thelateststyle.B:Howbeautiful!Iveneverseenanythinglikethem.A:Well,youcanhavethemforelevenpounds.B:Ithinkfiveisenough.A:What?Fivepounds?B:Well,sevenpounds,then.,A:Whatareyoudoing,Victor?B:Implanningtobuysomefoodanddrinks.A:Whatfor?B:Fortheparty,ofcourse.A:AValentinesDayParty?B:Yes.Weveinvitedallourfriendsfromthesophomoreclass.,语音小知识：辅音的音长,辅音的长度一般都比元音短。在以下情况，同一辅音还可以有不同长度的变化：1.辅音在短元音之后念的稍长，而在长元音之后念的稍短。例如：稍长稍短live/lIv/leave/li:v/bit/bIt/beat/bi:t/2.在/m/n/l/N/后的浊辅音比清辅音念的稍长些。,例如：稍长稍短wand/wOnd/want/wOnt/build/bILd/built/bIlt/3.同一个辅音在词末要比其在后面带有一个非重读音节时念的稍长些。例如：稍长稍短soul/sEUL/soldier/sEULdZE/sum/sVM/summer/sVME/,2./T/D/为舌尖齿背摩擦音。发音方法：舌尖轻触上齿下边缘，气流从舌齿间的细小缝隙逸出，摩擦成音。/T/是清辅音，声带不振动，送气强；/D/是浊辅音，声带振动，送气弱。,/T/throw，thank，think，thick，thought，thread,thumb,thin,third,thief,threebath，faith，both，breath，mouth，month,south,cloth,teeth，thirsty/D/though，than，them，bathe(bath)，this,that,those,than,these,then,therebreathe(breath)clothe,with,leather,mother,brother,father,thismonth,nextmonth,lastmonth,thanks,manythanks,thanksalot,thankyouverymuch,fromsouthtonorth,frommouthtomouth,big-mouthed,thethirdperson,fighttoothandnailthisman,thislady,thatgirl,thesethings,thoseyears,thesechildren,thosedays,betterthanthat,bythemselves,helpthem,Thereisnothing/Thereissomething,Togethertheywentthroughthickandthin.Everyonewouldwishhimhealthandwealth.Itshardtobreatheinsuchhotweather.Mybrotherwouldratherwanderonthestreetthangohome.,A:Couldyoupassmethatbook,Catherine?B:Oh,youmeanthisone,father?A:No,notthatone,theotherone.Yes,thatsit.B:Thereyouare,father.Isthatall?A:Yes,thatsallforthemoment.Thankyou,Catherine.,3./s/z/为舌尖齿龈摩擦音。发音方法：舌前端靠近上齿龈，但不接触，上下齿靠拢，但不咬住，气流由舌端与上齿齿龈逸出，摩擦成音。/s/是清辅音，发音时送气，声带不振动；/z/是浊辅音，发音时不送气，声带振动。,/s/seat,say,sorry,see,seek,scold,student,advice,face,first,soldlikehotcakes/ill-advised/savehisfaceletmesee/facetoface/z/zero,zest(热情),zoo,zip(拉链),zone,zealous,closeabovezero/belowzero/zipyourlips/inthezoo/veryzealous/,Sallysawasnakeinthegrass.SusancansingsomeSwisssongs.Susanisalwayssobusy.Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.Thisisanon-smokingzone.Thoseboysmadealotofnoise,theircriescouldbeheardformiles.,A:Hehaslotsofhobbies.B:Andhesaidhesalwaysbusywithhispaintingsandphotographs.A:Heswonadozenprizesforhispaintingsandphotographs.B:ButasforhisrestautantinthetownA:Heletshiscousinlookafterhisrestaurant.B:Hesoundsmorelikeanartistthanabusinessman.,语音小知识：辅音连缀,辅音连缀：在一个音节中，两个或两个