THEREFLECTIVEAPPROACHTOTEACHERDEVELOPMENTlecture2.ppt

THEREFLECTIVEAPPROACHTOTEACHERDEVELOPMENT,ATEACHERTRAININGMAZE,ENTRYTOTHEMAZE,YoureabusyteacherinaJiangsuschool.Youvebeenteachingfor15years,andyoudontfeelyouhavechangedmuchinthepastten.Youretiredandratherboredwiththejob.Yourchoicesare:,Leavetheteachingprofession,Joinatrainingcourse,Goonasyouare,Slide1,Whosgoingtoemployatired,middle-agedex-teacher?Unlessyouvegotaprivateincomeorarichspouse,thinkagain!,Exitthemaze,ReturntoENTRY,Slide2,Youstartonthetrainingcourse,butwiththetravellingtothetrainingcollege,andthehomework,youfinditsreallymuchmoreworkthanyouimagined.Yourchoicesare:,Talktothecourseleaders,Dropoutofthecourse,Sighandkeepgoing,Slide3,Well,youlljustgetmoreboredandfrustratedwithyourclasses,andhowareyougoingtocopewiththenewcurriculum?Youdbetter:,Exitthemaze,ReturntoENTRY,Slide4,Thecourseleadersaresympatheticandtrynottogiveyoutoomuchwork,butbasicallytheyjusttellyoutokeepgoing.,ReturntoSlide2,Slide5,So,youreaquitter,areyou?Wellthen,youarebackattheentrytothemazeexceptthatnowyoufeelasifyouvefailedatsomethingtoo.Wouldntyouliketothinkagain?,Exitthemaze,ReturntoENTRY,Slide6,Youkeepgoingbutafterawhileyouhavethefeelingthateveryoneisdoingbetterthanyou.Yourchoicesare:,Keepquietaboutit,Tellthecourseleaders,Talktotheothercourseparticipants,Slide7,Yousufferinsilencebutthingsdontgetanybetter.YoustarttoquestionwhetheryoureanygoodatteachingORlearning.Whatareyougoingtodo?,ReturntoSlide6,Exitthemaze,Slide8,Thecourseleaderstrytobeencouragingandkeeptellingyouthatyouredoingallright,butyoudontreallybelievethem.Youstillfeelbad.,Exitthemaze,ReturntoSlide6,Slide9,Youareamazedtofindthatalotoftheothercourseparticipantsfeelexactlythesamewayasyou.Youtalkaboutit,feelreassured,anddecidetodomoregroupwork.,MoveontoSlide10,Slide10,Youkeepgoingtothecourseandtrytokeepupwiththework.Youmeetalotofnewideas.Yourchoicesare:,Tryoutalltheideasinyourclassesexactlyastheyweretaughtyouonthecourse,Tellyourcolleaguesatyourschoolabouttheideasateveryopportunityyouget,Nottryanythingnewwithyourclasses,Taketheideasyoulike,adaptthemtofityoursituation,trythemoutandadaptthemagainifnecessary,Slide11,Alotoftheideasdontseemtoworkaswellinyourclassesastheydidonthecourse.Bothyouandyourstudentsloseconfidence,andyougobacktoteachingintheoldandtrustedways.,GobacktoSlide10andthinkagain,Exitthemaze,Slide12,Yourcolleaguesatworkbecomeratherboredwithyourconstanttalkof“trainingcourse-this”and“trainingcourse-that”.Youfindyourselfincreasinglyisolated-acraneamongthechickens-andloseheart.,GobacktoSlide10andthinkagain,Exitthemaze,Slide13,Well,youvestayedattheentrytothemazereally,haventyou?Ratherawasteofyourtime-andeveryoneelsestimetoo!,ReturntoSlide10andthinkagain,Exitthemaze,Slide14,Yougainconfidencegraduallyasyouadoptandadaptmoreandmoreideas.YourclassesgainconfidenceastheyfindtheycancommunicatemoreandmoresuccessfullyinEnglish.Thingsarelookingup.,MoveontoSlide15,Slide15,Yourtechniquesimprove.YourEnglishimproves.Yourclassesimprove.Butthenthetrainingcourseleadertellsyouthereisgoingtobeanend-of-courseexam.Yourfeelingsare:,“MyGod,IhopeIpass.”,“MyGod,ImsureIllfail.”,“WellwhetherIpassorfail,atleastIvelearnedsomething.”,Slide16,Thenyoullhaveanothercertificateinyourpocket,whichisgood.Perhapsmoreimportantiswhatyoufeelyouhavepersonallygainedfromthecourse.,Exitthemaze,Slide17,Thenyouwonthaveacertificateinyourpocket.Butperhapsyoullfeelthatyouvelearnedalotforyourselfthatwillhelpyouinyourworkasateacher.,Exitthemaze,Slide18,Youfinishthecourse.Yourcareerhasbeenrefreshed.Youthinkyoumightbeabletomakeitthroughthenextfewyearswithincreasedinterest.,Exitthemaze,EXITFROMTHEMAZE,So-areyouhappywiththeoutcome?Lookingback,wouldyouhavedoneanythingdifferently?DoyouthinktheproblemsyouhadtoconsiderreflecttherealsituationforJiangsuteachers?,AdaptedfromModelsandMetaphorsinLanguageTeacherTrainingbyTessaWoodward,Cambridge1991,Knowlesclaimsthat:Activelearnerstakinginitiativelearnmorethingsandlearnbetterthandopeoplewhositatthefeetoftheirteachers.(1975:14),Fiveassumptionsaboutteacherdevelopment,1.Aninformedteacherhasanextensiveknowledgebaseaboutteaching.,Fiveassumptionsaboutteacherdevelopment,2.Muchcanbelearnedaboutteachingthroughself-inquiry.,3.Muchofwhathappensinteachingisunknowntotheteacher.,Fiveassumptionsaboutteacherdevelopment,4.Experienceisinsufficientasabasisfordevelopment,5.Criticalreflectioncantriggeradeeperunderstandingofteaching,REFLECTIVEMODELFORTEACHERDEVELOPMENT,Stage1Pre-servicetrainingTeachersexistingbeliefsandconcepts,REFLECTIVEMODELFORTEACHERDEVELOPMENT,Stage2In-servicedevelopmentReceivedExperientialknowledgeknowledgePracticeReflection,REFLECTIVEMODELFORTEACHERDEVELOPMENT,Stage2In-servicedevelopmentTheReflectiveCycleGoalPROFESSIONALCOMPETENCESource:M.WallaceTrainingForeignLanguageTeachers,REFLECTIVECYCLE,Concreteexperience,Reflectiveobservation,ActiveExperimentation,Abstractconceptualization,Othersexperience,Otherpeoplesobservation,Inputfromprofessionalresearch,Othersexperiments,SOURCESOFTEACHERSBELIEFS,Theirownexperienceaslanguagelearners,Experienceofwhatworksbest,Establishedpractice,SOURCESOFTEACHERSBELIEFS,Educationally-basedorresearch-basedprinciples,Personalityfactors,Principlesderivedfromanapproachormethod,BELIEFSABOUTLEARNING,organisingprinciplesthroughencounteringexperience,abodyofknowledge,Learningconsistsofacquiring:,BELIEFSABOUTLEARNING,isaresourcepersonwhoprovideslanguageinputforthelearnertoworkwith.,hastheknowledgeandthelearnerdoesnot.,Theteacher:,BELIEFSABOUTLEARNING,forminghypothesesaboutthelanguageinputprovidedbytheteacher,andconstantlymodifyingthesehypothesesinthedirectionofthetargetmodel.,learningthestructuralrulesandthevocabularythroughsuchactivitiesasmemorisation,readingandwriting.,Learningalanguageconsistsof:,THEREFLECTIVEAPPROACH,Slowly,theteachingprofessionasawholeisrealisingthat,nomatterhowmuchintellectualenergyisputintonewmethodsornewapproachestosyllabusdesign,whatreallymattersiswhathappenswhenteachersandlearnersgettogetherintheclassroom.,THEREFLECTIVEAPPROACH,BeingagoodclassroomteachermeansbeingalivetowhatgoesonintheclassroomAndthatiswhatthereflectiveapproachisallabout:gainingabetterunderstandingofwhatgoodteachersandlearnersdoinstinctively,sothatultimatelyallcanbenefit.,D.AllwrightIfyou_apersonto_,youfeedhimfor_!,give,fish,day,teach,fish,life,BasicTeachingConcept,IcebergTheoryofTeacherQuality,Skill,Knowledge,SocialRoles,ValuesSelf-ImageTraitMotive,Necessary,butnotsufficientfortopperformance,Providemotivationandleadtogreatersuccess,ClassroomPerformance(behavior),1.Personalbackground:receivedknowledge-beliefs,principles,experience,establishedpractice,personality,values,attitude,motivation,etc.2.Languageawareness3.Cultureawareness4.Methodologicalknowledge&skills5.Professionalknowledge6.Modernteachingdevice&fa