世界经济1.evolutionofworldeconomy

Evolutionofworldeconomy,Sometermsaboutworldeconomy,Itinvolvesinternationaleconomicrelationandnationaleconomicrelation;Itiswithintheeconomicsphere;Itisahistoricevolutionprocess;,Formationofworldeconomy,Embryonicstageofworldeconomy1.14thcentury15thcentury(transitionfromfeudalismtocapitalisminwesternEurope),promotingthedivisionofhandicraftindustry，businessandagriculture；2.traderelationamongcountriesattheendoffederalism(regionaltradecentreinEuropeandinAsia,andtheirintercourse);3.geographicaldiscovery;,城市的兴起和商人的出现,作为手工业和商业中心的城市开始兴起，例如马赛、里昂、伦敦、科隆等。城市的兴起和发展，促进了一个专门从事商品交换的新的社会阶层商人的出现。,汉萨同盟：波罗的海和北海的沿岸城市发起组成的一个自由而松散的商业联盟,15世纪郑和下西洋及东方亚洲国家对外贸易发展,地理大发现,地理大发现是指15世纪末和16世纪初在海外探险中发现美洲大陆以及开辟通往东方新航路的过程。1519年，由麦哲伦率领的船队实现了环球航行，开辟环球的商业通道，扩大了各国之间的贸易往来，促进了作为整体的世界经济萌芽。,左图为1545年制作的画有麦哲伦探险航线的地图。,Formationofworldeconomy,Developmentalstageofworldeconomy1.originalaccumulationofcapitalandcolonialexpansionin16th18thcentury;2.industrialrevolutionfrom1760s;3.theestablishmentofinternationallabordivisionandworldmarket;,英国在北美和印度的殖民扩张,产业革命中的机器：蒸汽机车和纺纱机,Formationofworldeconomy,formationofworldeconomy1.thesecondscienceandtechnologyrevolutionin1870s(internal-combustionengineandelectronicmotor);2.thechangeofproductiverelationcausedbythesecondscienceandtechnologyrevolution;,development2.7%(1973-1988);SV:5%(1950-1973);2%(1974-1988);Othereur.socialistcountries:1.9%(1974-1982);2.7%(1983-1988);Developingcountries:4.7%(1950s);5.6%(60s);4.7%(70s);4.0%(80s);Globalaverageannualgrowthratein1990s:3%-4%,developmentofworldeconomyafterWWII,Greatchangesininternationaldivisionoflabornaturalmaterial-basedtechnology-based;inter-industry-basedintra-industry-based;,developmentofworldeconomyafterWWII,Fastdevelopmentininternationaltradetradevolumein1950-1979:$57.9trillion-$1524.1trillionAGR:6.8%5.6%(AGRofglobalindustrialproduction)importantroleofforeigntradeinnationaleconomy(exportvolume/globalGNP):11.4%in1970;14%in1980;16.2%in1990,developmentofworldeconomyafterWWII,RapiddevelopmentofinternationalcapitalflowsyearUSAWGJapan19603277.52.81990423115513180Ratioofthetwoyears122061135changesinthedirectionofcapitalflows,newcharacteristicsofworldeconomyafterWWII,CapitalistandsocialisteconomicsystemcoexistedinglobaleconomyStrengtheningroleofscienceexports:14.2%to32.4%;goldreserves:50.5%to74.5%,Changesinthepoweramongmajoreconomies,Endof1950sandbeginningof1960stoearly1970stheUSparisonofSovietUnionwiththeUS(in1960):GDP:45.1%ofthatintheUS;industrialproduct:55%;agricuturaloutputvalue:70%;foreigntradevolume:31.5%;steeloutput:71%;oiloutput:42%;electricity:33%;grain:74%;cotton:53%,Changesinthepoweramongmajoreconomies,challengesfromEECattheendof1950scomparisonofEECwiththeUS:GDP:37.2%;industrialproduct:41%;exportvolume:45%,Changesinthepoweramongmajoreconomies,Early1970stoearlyandmiddleof1980stheUSdeclinedwiththecompetitionfromEECandSVandcatchingupofJapan.,Comparisonofthethreein1973,ComparisonofJapanandUS,Changesinthepoweramongmajoreconomies,Earlyandmiddleof1980stillnowJapanthesecondlargesteconomicpower,US,EEC,JapanandSVUS,EECandJapan,Comparisonofthefourin1986,Comparisonofthethreein1990,Comparisonofthethreein1990,Changesinthepoweramongmajoreconomies,since1990s,theUSfastgrowthfor10years;EUin1993withthesinglecurrencyin2001andsmoothenlargement;thelostdecadeforJapan;,Contradictionsaffectingglobaleconomy,BetweenDCsandLDCsoldinternation