新概念英语第二册lesson4.ppt

Postcardsalways_myholidays.Lastsummer,Iwentto_.I_museumsandsatin_gardens.A_waitertaughtmeafewwordsof_.Thenhe_meabook.Ireada_lines,butIdidnot_aword.EverydayI_mypostcards.Myholidayspassed_,butIdidnot_cardstomyfriends._thelastdayI_abig_.Igotup_and_thirty-sevencards.I_the_dayinmyroom,_Ididnotwritea_card!,spoil,Italy,visited,public,friendly,Italian,lent,few,understand,thought,about,quickly,send,On,made,decision,early,bought,spent,whole,but,single,Revision,Summarywriting,Postcardsalwaysspoilthewritersholidays.HespenthisholidayinItalylastsummer.Hethoughtaboutpostcardseveryday.Hedidntsendanycardstohisfriends.Heboughtthirty-sevencardsonthelastday.Hestayedathomeallday.Hedidntwriteanycards.,NCE-2,NewConceptEnglish,Lesson4,Anexcitingtrip,broadenonesmind,visitnewplaces,meetnewpeople,trydifferenttypesoffood,experiencenewculture,exciting,adj.令人兴奋的eg.Itmustbeanexcitingtrip.,adj.excited(感到)兴奋的eg.Weareexcitedatthenews.TheexcitedchildrenwereexpectingChristmaspresents.,excite令兴奋（人作宾语）eg.Thenewsexcitedus.,v.接受，收到（客观的收到）,e.g.receivealetter(fromsb.)hearfromsb.=havealetterfromreceiveapresente.g.Youwillreceiveawarmwelcomewhenyoucometomyhome.,同义accept同意，接受（主观）,e.g.ThismorningIreceivedabunchofflowersbutIdidntacceptit.,receive,firmn.(尤作口语)公司eg.Heisworkingforafirm.adj.牢固的，稳固的，坚固的eg.Thelegofthatchairisnotfirm.Pricesarestillfirm.asfirmasrock坚如磐石adj.坚定的，坚决的eg.Hisreplytotherequestwasafirm“No”.,differentadj不同的（常与from,to连用）反义词sameeg.Theword“receive”isdifferentfrom“accept”.Everyoneisdifferentfromothers.n.difference区别，差别tellthedifferencebetweenAandBeg.Wecaneasilytellthedifferencebetweenthetwins.V.differ与不同eg.Wedifferwiththemonthispoint.Thetwocirclesdifferinsizebutnotincolour.,centre,n.中心，中央（美式center）shoppingcentreinthecentre(ofspl),eg.Thatgirllikestobethecentreofattention.Beijingisthecentreofpolitics,economicsandcultureofChina.,adj.central中央的，中心的,Centralline,abroad,adv.在国外,eg.goabroad,studyabroadliveabroad,beabroadAgreatnumberofoutstandingyoungChinesewanttostudyabroad.Hewillgoabroadnextmonth.,2.HowlonghasTimbeeninAustralia?,Listenandanswerthequestion.,TimhasbeeninAustraliaforsixmonths.,3.WhatdoeshedoinAustralia?,Heisworkingforabigfirmasanengineer.,4.WhyisTimfindingthetripexciting?,BecauseTimhasneverbeenabroadbefore.Thisishisfirsttripabroad.,1.Whathasthewriterjustreceivedfromhisbrother?,Aletter,text,1、Ihavejustreceivedaletterfrommybrother,Tim.本课重点语法：现在完成时，结构：have/hasdone,已学习过的时态,1.v原形2.v三单,am/is/are+v-ing,1.v-ed（规则动词）2.不规则动词,past,now,Yesterday,wecleanedtheclassroom.,Now,theclassroomiscleanbecausewehavecleanedit.,用法1,强调过去发生的动作对现在产生的结果或影响,now,past,IbegantoteachEnglishatthisschoolthreeyearsago.,IhavetaughtEnglishatthisschoolforthreeyears.,用法2：,过去发生的动作一直延续到现在。,1.表示过去发生的动作对现在影响产生的结果，常与时间副词连用：yet,before,recently,lately,ever,neveretc我从未去过澳大利亚。IhaveneverbeentoAustralia.,text,2.表示从过去开始延续到现在的动作或者状态，常与一段时间的时间状语连用：sofar,untilnow,since,foralongtime,inthepastfewyears,thesedays,etc.eg.Sofar,hehasbrokentwowordrecords.至今为止，他已经打破了两项世界记录。,text,3.短暂性动词不能和完成时连用，如：die，arrive,leave,go,refuse,finish,etc.e.g.Hehasdiedforthreeyears.(X),text,同位语：Timreceivealetterfromsb.=hearfromsb./havealetterfromsb.,text,2、HeisinAustralia.Hehasbeenthereforsixmonth.Timisanengineer.bebeen+地点+一段时间e.g.他呆在北京已经一年了。HehasbeenBeijingforayear.,text,3、HeisworkingforabigfirmandhehasalreadyvisitedagreatnumberofdifferentplacesinAustralia.workfor指在上班，强调workworkin强调地点/workat我爸爸在一家银行工作。eg.Myfatherworksin/atabank.,text,anumberof+复数，number前一般可用large,great,small等形容词强调数量大小。e.g.很多人在街上闲逛。Anumberofpeoplearewanderinginthestreet.与可数名词复数连用表示数量多的还有agreatmany,quiteafew,alotof,lotsof.。manya+单数可数，表示复数概念e.g.Imethimmanyatimeinthebus.agreat/largeamountof+不可数名词e.g.agreatamountofmoneythenumberof意思是“的数字/数目,作主语时，谓语动词用单数.e.g.Thenumberofstudentsisabout20.,text,4、HehasjustboughtanAustraliancarandhasgonetoAliceSprings,asmalltowninthecenterofAustralia.havegoneto去或到某地了（人还没有回来）havebeento来过，去过，到过某地（人已经回来了）e.g.你去过巴黎吗？HaveyoueverbeentoParis.他去图书馆了。Hehasgonetolibrary.注意一般用havegoneto的大都是第三人称,text,5、HewillsoonvisitDarwin.Fromthere,hewillflytoPerth.will表示将要发生的事情，一般将来时结构。e.g.我明天把家里打扫一遍。Iwillcleanthehousetomorrow.fly（from）toe.g.他将从北京飞往天津。HewillflyfromBeijingtoTianjin.,text,6、Mybrotherhasneverbeenabroadbefore,soheisfindingthistripveryexciting.before完成时标识状语find+宾语+adj说明宾语的情况(宾补)e.g.我觉得他的房间很脏。Ifindhisroomverydirty.,现在完成时态,Winterhasalreadycome.,Grammar,现在完成时的构成形式,havedonehas,助动词,过去分词,Grammar,用来表示之前已经发生或完成的动作或状态，而其结果却和现在有联系:动作或状态发生在过去,但它的影响现在还存在。Theyhaveleft.-他们已经离开了,也就是说现在他们人不在这里Ihavehadmylunch.-我已经吃过午饭了,也就是说我现在不饿,现在完成时的含义,也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。HehaslearnedEnglishsince2001.-从2001年开始学的,现在还在继续学着呢,since用来说明动作起始时间“自从”for用来说明动作延续时间长度“长达”Ihavelivedhereformorethantwentyyears.IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn.Myaunthasworkedinacompanysince1949.Ihavenotheardfrommyuncleforalongtime.,比较since和for,并非有for作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时Iworkedhereformorethantwentyyears.(我现在已不在这里工作。)Ihaveworkedhereformanyyears.(现在我仍在这里工作。),Grammar,(1).for+表示一段时间的短语(2).since+表示过去时间点的词语(3).since+表示过去时间的时间状语从句,Hehasbeenatthisschool_1992.Wehavelearned1,000Englishwords_wecametothisschool.Ihavebeenateacher_ayear.,for,since,since,HehasgonetoShanghai.他(已经)去上海了。,HehasbeentoShanghai.他(曾经)去过上海。,比较have/hasbeento,have/hasgoneto,Grammar,now,past,future,一般过去时,一般过去时表示的是纯粹在过去发生的事情现在完成时表示的是在过去某个时间开始并持续到现在的动作/状态,或者发生在过去却对现在造成的影响,Grammar,现在完成时与一般过去时的比较,1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。,Isawthisfilmyesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了。）Ihaveseenthisfilm.(强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）,2一般过去时常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用;现在完成时通常与模糊时间状语连用或无时间状语。,一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday,lastweek，ago,in1990,inOctober,justnow,-具体的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语:for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inthepastfewyears,recently,-模糊的时间状语,句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如yesterday,last,week,in1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时错Tomhaswrittenalettertohisparentslastnight.对Tomwrotealettertohisparentslastnight.,Grammar,3现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如live,teach,learn,work,study,know.一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come,go,leave,start,die,finish,become,等。,ShejoinedtheLeaguethreeyearsago.(加入的动作不是延续的)ShehasbeenintheLeagueforthreeyears(sincethreeyearsago).(在团内的状态可延续)ShehasbeenaLeaguememberforthreeyears(sincethreeyearsago).(是团员的状态可持续),Grammar,延续动词表示经验、经历；瞬间动词表示行为的结果,不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。,比较延续动词与瞬间动词,Grammar,延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换：leave-beaway,borrow-keep,buy-have,begin/start-beon,die-bedead,finish-beover,join-bein+组织机构,beamemberof+组织机构,opensth-keepsthopen,fallill-beill,getup-beup,catchacold-haveacold,comehere-behere,gothere-bethere,become-be,comeback-beback,fallasleep-beasleep,getto/arrive/reach-be(in),leave-beawayfrom,gettoknow-know,go(get)outbeout，putonwear；catchacoldhaveacold,Hedied10yearsago.-He_for10years/since10yearsago.2.Heborrowedthebook2weeksago.-He_thebookfor2weeks.3.Heboughtthemotorbikeamonthago.-He_themotorbikeforamonth.4.Hearrivedherethreedaysago.-He_heresincethreedaysago.5.Theyturnedoffthelight2hoursago.-Thelight_for2hours.6.Helefthere2yearsago.-He_fromherefor2years.7.Thefilmbegan30minutesago.-Thefilm_for30minutes.8.Theyopenedthedooranhourago.-Thedoor_foranhour.9.Theyclosedthedooranhourago.-Thedoor_foranhour.10.Hejoinedthearmylastyear.-He_a_forayear.-He_thearmyforayear.,延续性动词和瞬间性动词之间的转化,Exercise,sumup,一、现在完成时,1)构成,肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其它,否定句：主语+have/hasnot+过去分词+其它,疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其它,HehasbeentoAustralia.,HehasnotbeentoAustralia.,HashebeentoAustralia?,sumup,2)用法,1.过去发生的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果。常与表示时间的副词连用，如yet,just,before,recently,ever,never等。,e.g.Wehavejustwonthematch.IhaveneverbeentoAustraliabefore.,一、现在完成时,sumup,2)用法,2.表示从过去开始延续到现在的动作或状态，常与表示一段时间的时间状态连用，如sofar,uptillnow,since,foralongtime,inthepastfewyears,thosedays等。,e.g.Sofar,hehasbrokentwoworldrecords.Ihaveworkedhereforfouryears.,一、现在完成时,sumup,2)用法,3.短暂性动词在现在完成时中不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，常见的动词有die,arrive,leave,go,refuse,finish,marry,buy等。,e.g.Hisgrandfatherhasdiedforthreeyears.Hisgrandfatherhasbeendeadforthreeyears.Ihaveboughtthecarforhalfayear.Ihavegotthecarforhalfay