Winston Churchill丘吉尔中英文简介培训讲学.ppt

WinstonChurchill,(30November187424January1965),Never,never,never,nevergiveup.永远，永远，永远，永远都不要放弃。,SirWinstonLeonardSpencer-Churchill温斯顿伦纳德斯宾塞丘吉尔爵士,SirWinstonChurchillwasaBritishprimeministerandstatesmanwholedthecountrytovictoryagainstNaziGermanyandtheAxispowersinWorldWarTwo.,ChurchillwasalsoanofficerintheBritishArmy,ahistorian,awriter,andanartist.HeistheonlyBritishprimeministertohavereceivedtheNobelPrizeinLiterature,andwasthefirstpersontobemadeanHonoraryCitizenoftheUnitedStates.,Familyandearlylife,丘吉尔出生于英国的一个贵族家庭。他的祖上约翰丘吉尔因在“光荣革命”中支持威廉三世，且又在对西班牙和法国的战争中做为军队总司令取得胜利而于1702年被安妮女王封为马尔巴罗公爵（DukeofMalborough）.丘吉尔的父亲伦道夫丘吉尔勋爵（RandolphChurchill）是马尔巴罗公爵七世的第三个儿子，是保守党“樱草会”（保守党中的一个派系，以工人阶级为主）的创办人，曾担任过内阁中仅次于首相的财政大臣。丘吉尔的母亲珍妮杰罗姆是美国百万富翁、纽约时报股东之一的伦纳德杰罗姆的女儿。,ChurchillwasbornintothearistocraticfamilyoftheDukesofMarlborough.Winstonsfather,LordRandolphChurchill,thethirdsonofJohnSpencer-Churchill,7thDukeofMarlborough,wasapolitician;andhismother,LadyRandolphChurchillwasthedaughterofAmericanmillionaireLeonardJerome.,Familyandearlylife,1881年，7岁的丘吉尔被送入一个贵族子弟学校读书，丘吉尔是学校中最顽皮、最贪吃、成绩最差的学生之一，因此经常遭到老师的体罚，后来不得不转学到另一所学校。1888年丘吉尔进入仅次于伊顿公学的哈罗公学就读，但是成绩依然不佳，伦道夫勋爵于是决定在儿子毕业后将他送到桑赫斯特皇家军事学院。,Independentandrebelliousbynature,Churchillgenerallydidpoorlyinschool,forwhichhewaspunished.Hewaseducatedatthreeindependentschools:St.GeorgesSchool,Ascot,Berkshire,followedbyBrunswickSchoolinHove,nearBrightonandthenatHarrowSchoolfrom17April1888,wherehismilitarycareerbegan.Withinweeksofhisarrival,hehadjoinedtheHarrowRifleCorps.,Militaryservice,AfterChurchillleftHarrowin1893,heappliedtoattendtheRoyalMilitaryCollege,Sandhurst.Ittookthreeattemptsbeforehepassedtheentranceexam.,丘吉尔在1893年离开了哈罗公学，此后经过了三次入学考试，才于1893年成功考入桑赫斯特皇家军事学院。,In1895,ChurchilltravelledtoCubatoobservetheSpanishfighttheCubanguerrillas;hehadobtainedacommissiontowriteabouttheconflictfromtheDailyGraphic.InCuba,hesoonacquiredatasteforHavanacigars,whichhewouldsmokefortherestofhislife.,1895年10月，丘吉尔利用假期和朋友一起到古巴亲身体验一下西班牙和古巴人民起义的战争。由于其父亲的关系，丘吉尔被英国情报部门看中，要他负责收集西班牙军队所使用的枪弹的情报，此外，每日纪事报也聘请他为随军记者，为该报发稿。,Militaryservice,Militaryservice,In1899,theSecondBoerWarbetweenBritainandtheBoerRepublicsbrokeoutandheobtainedacommissiontoactaswarcorrespondentfortheMorningPost.Aftersomeweeksinexposedareasheaccompaniedascoutingexpeditioninanarmouredtrain,leadingtohiscaptureandimprisonmentinaPOWcampinPretoria.HisactionsduringtheambushofthetrainledtospeculationthathewouldbeawardedtheVictoriaCross,Britainshighestawardforgallantryinthefaceoftheenemy,butthisdidnotoccur.Heescapedfromtheprisoncampandtravelledalmost300milestoPortugueseLourenoMarquesinDelagoaBay,withtheassistanceofanEnglishminemanager.HisescapemadehimaminornationalheroforatimeinBritain,丘吉尔在同年9月以晨邮报记者的身份前往南非，采访第二次布尔战争。在随英军士兵行伍途中，被布尔人俘虏（据闻是被日后成为南非总理的史末资所掳），被关押在普勒多利亚的战俘营。丘吉尔虽然是随军记者，但因携带武器并参加战斗，布尔人拒绝释放他。到了12月，丘吉尔大胆地独自一人越狱成功，在当地一个英国侨民的帮助下逃到了洛伦索马贵斯（今莫桑比克首都马普托）的英国领事馆。这一经历使得他在英国的名声大噪。,Militaryservice,Duringhisarmycareer,ChurchillsawactioninIndia,intheSudanandtheSecondBoerWar.Hegainedfameandnotorietyasawarcorrespondentandthroughcontemporarybookshewrotedescribingthecampaigns.HealsoservedbrieflyintheBritishArmyontheWesternFrontinWorldWarI,commandingthe6thBattalionoftheRoyalScotsFusiliers.,PoliticalcareertotheSecondWorldWar,Attheforefrontofthepoliticalsceneforalmostfiftyyears,heheldmanypoliticalandcabinetpositions.BeforetheFirstWorldWar,heservedasPresidentoftheBoardofTrade,HomeSecretaryandFirstLordoftheAdmiraltyaspartoftheAsquithLiberalgovernment.DuringthewarhecontinuedasFirstLordoftheAdmiraltyuntilthedisastrousBattleofGallipolicausedhisdeparturefromgovernment.HereturnedasMinisterofMunitions,SecretaryofStateforWarandSecretaryofStateforAir.Intheinterwaryears,heservedasChancelloroftheExchequerintheConservativegovernment.,PoliticalcareertotheSecondWorldWar,AftertheoutbreakoftheSecondWorldWar,ChurchillwasagainappointedFirstLordoftheAdmiralty.FollowingtheresignationofNevilleChamberlainon10May1940,hebecamePrimeMinisteroftheUnitedKingdomandledBritaintovictoryagainsttheAxispowers.Churchillwasalwaysnotedforhisspeeches,whichbecameagreatinspirationtotheBritishpeopleandembattledAlliedforces.,ChurchillhadbeenamongthefirsttorecognisethegrowingthreatofHitlerlongbeforetheoutsetoftheSecondWorldWar.ByrefusinganarmisticewithGermany,ChurchillkeptresistancealiveintheBritishEmpireandcreatedthebasisforthelaterAlliedcounter-attacksof194245,withBritainservingasaplatformforthesupplyofSovietUnionandtheliberationofWesternEurope.,RelationswiththeUnitedStates,ChurchillsgoodrelationshipwithFranklinD.Rooseveltsecuredvitalfood,oilandmunitionsviatheNorthAtlanticshippingroutes.ItwasforthisreasonthatChurchillwasrelievedwhenRooseveltwasre-electedin1940.Uponre-election,RooseveltimmediatelysetaboutimplementinganewmethodofprovidingmilitaryhardwareandshippingtoBritainwithouttheneedformonetarypayment.Putsimply,RooseveltpersuadedCongressthatrepaymentforthisimmenselycostlyservicewouldtaketheformofdefendingtheUS;andsoLend-leasewasborn.,我没有别的，只有热血、辛劳、眼泪和汗水献给大家你们问：我们的目的是什么？我可以用一个词来答复：胜利，不惜一切代价去争取胜利，无论多么恐怖也要争取胜利，无论道路多么遥远艰难，也要争取胜利，因为没有胜利就无法生存。,Ihavenothingtoofferbutblood,toil,tears,andsweat.Youask,whatisouraimIcananswerinoneword,Itisvictory.Victoryatallcosts-victoryinspiteofallterrors-victory,howeverlongandhardtheroadmaybe,forwithoutvictorythereisnosurvival.,Letusthereforebraceourselvestoourduties,andsobearourselves,thatiftheBritishEmpireanditsCommonwealthlastforathousandyears,menwillstillsay,Thiswastheirfinesthour.,让我们勇敢地承担义务，这样如果大英帝国和她的联邦可以留存千年的话，人们仍然会这么说：“这是他们最光辉的时刻。”,我们将战斗到底。我们将在法国作战，我们将在海洋中作战，我们将以越来越大的信心和越来越强的力量在空中作战，我们将不惜一切代价保卫本土；我们将在海滩作战，我们将在敌人的登陆点作战，我们将在田野和街头作战，我们将在山区作战，我们绝不投降.,.weshallfightinFrance,weshallfightontheseasandoceans,weshallfightwithgrowingconfidenceandgrowingstrengthintheair,weshalldefendourisland,whateverthecostmaybe,weshallfightonthebeaches,weshallfightonthelandinggrounds,weshallfightinthefieldsandinthestreets,weshallfightinthehills;weshallneversurrender.,“在过去的25年中，没有一个人像我那样始终一贯地反对共产主义。我并不想收回我说过的话，但是这一切在正在我们眼前展现的情景对照之下，都已黯然失色了任何对第三帝国作战的个人或国家，都将得到我们的援助。任何跟着希特勒走的个人或国家，都是我们的敌人。”,TheCairoDeclarationwassignedon27November1943andreleasedinaCairoCommuniquthroughradioon1December1943,statingtheAlliesintentionstocontinuedeployingmilitaryforceuntilJapansunconditionalsurrender.ThethreemainclausesoftheCairoDeclarationarethatJapanbestrippedofalltheislandsinthePacificwhichshehasseizedoroccupiedsincethebeginningoftheFirstWorldWarin1914,alltheterritoriesJapanhasstolenfromtheChinese,suchasManchuria,Formosa,andthePescadores,shallberestoredtotheRepublicofChina,andthatinduecourseKoreashallbecomefreeandindependent.,RelationswiththeSovietUnion,WhenHitlerinvadedtheSovietUnion,WinstonChurchill,avehementanti-Communist,famouslystatedIfHitlerinvadedHell,IwouldatleastmakeafavourablereferencetotheDevilintheHouseofCommons,regardinghispolicytowardStalin.Soon,BritishsuppliesandtankswereflowingtohelptheSovietUnion.,DuringOctober1944,heandEdenwereinMoscowtomeetwiththeRussianleadership.Atthispoint,RussianforceswerebeginningtoadvanceintovariouseasternEuropeancountries.ChurchillheldtheviewthatuntileverythingwasformallyandproperlyworkedoutattheYaltaconference,therehadtobeatemporary,war-time,workingagreementwithregardtowhowouldrunwhat.,在通向胜利的漫长岁月里，丘吉尔在其演讲中多次发出战斗到底的誓言，表达了英国人民的心声。他说：“我们将永不停止，永不疲倦，永不让步，全国人民已立誓要负起这一任务：在欧洲扫清纳粹的毒害，把世界从新的黑暗时代中拯救出来。我们想夺取的是希特勒和希特勒主义的生命和灵魂。仅此而已，别无其他，不达目的，誓不罢休。”,丘吉尔是英国历史上著名的首相，他的一生中创造了许多奇迹。他的头上戴有许多流光溢彩的桂冠，他是著作等身的作家、辩才无碍的演说家、经邦治国的政治家、战争中的传奇英雄。他一生中写出了26部共45卷（本）专著，几乎每部著作出版后都在英国和世界上引起轰动，获得如潮好评，被翻译成多国文字在世界各国广为发行，以致星期日泰晤士报曾断言：“20世纪很少有人比丘吉尔拿的稿费还多。”,Churchillsbook,马拉坎德远征史THESTORYOFTHEMALAKANDFIELDFORCE河上战争THERIVERWAR第二次世界大战回忆录THESECONDWORLDWAR英语民族史AHISTORYOFTHEENGLISH-SPEAKINGPE0PLES世界危机THEWORLDCRISIS马尔巴罗的生平与时代MARLBOROUGH:HISLIFEANDTIMES,1953年，他被授予诺贝尔文学奖。瑞典文学院在授予他诺贝尔文学奖的颁奖词中说：“丘吉尔成熟的演说，目的敏捷准确，内容壮观动人。犹如一股铸造历史环节的力。丘吉尔在自由和人性尊重的关键时刻的滔滔不绝的演说，却另有一番动人心魄的魔力。也许他自己正是以这伟大的演说，建立了永垂不朽的丰碑。”S席瓦兹院士在颁奖词中还说，“丘吉尔在政治上和文学上的成就如此之大，此前从未有过一位领袖人物能两样兼备而且如此杰出。”,WinstonChurchillsPaintingandArt,PaintingwasahugeandlastingpassionforWinstonChurchill.Paintingplayedaprominentroleinthelast40yearsofChurchillslifethoughthereislittletoindicatefromChurchillsearl