主动表被动的几种情况.ppt

1,动词不定式及其-主动表被动用法,2,Grammar,一动词不定式动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，可以在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语等,但不能作谓语。,3,动词不定式,Todothatsortofthingisfoolish。,Iwanttoseeyouthisevening.,Allyouhavetodoistofinishitquickly.,Wefoundahousetolivein.,ShecameheretostudyEnglish.,Iwarnedthepatientnottoeatcoldwateraftertheoperation.,主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,宾补,4,一般式：tobedone,完成式：tohavebeendone。只有及物动词和相当于及物动词的短语才有不定式的被动式。e.g.Heaskedtobesenttoworkinthatfactory.Theyhadbeenwarnedmanytimesbeforetheycarriedouttheplan.,动词不定式被动式,(发生在谓语动词之后或同时发生),(发生在谓语动词之前),主动表被动,6,谓语动词主动表被动主动表被动非谓语动词主动表被动,7,1.有些不及物动词或短语,如exist,appear,happen,occur,cometrue,takeplace,breakout,runout,等常以主动形式表被动意义。我的钱用完了。(runout)我实现了梦想。（cometrue）,Mymoneyhasrunout.,Mydreamhascometrue.,一、谓语动词主动表被动的四种情形,8,2.感官动词(feel,look,seem,taste,sound),和一些连系动词(如remain,keep,stay,prove等）常以主动形式表示被动意义。,Thewater_(feel)coolwhenIjumpedintothepool.Theice-cream_(taste)delicious.,felt,tastes,9,3.当read,write,draw,wash,clean,burn,cook,cut,wear,sell等词与well,easily,quickly等副词连用时,常用主动表被动。,10,Theclothwasheswell.Thepoemreadssmoothly.Thebooksellswell.Thischeesedoesntcuteasily.Itstoosoft.Thisshirtwillwearverylong.Thefloordoesntcleaneasily.Thiskindofricecooksmorequicklythanthatkind.,11,Questions:,1.Whendidtheaccident_?交通事故是什么时候发生的？2.Whendidthewar_?战争是何时爆发的？3.Ice-creamalways_wellinsummer.冰淇淋在夏天总是很好卖。,happen,breakout,sells,12,4.Themusic_beautiful.音乐优美动听。5.Astimewenton,Einsteinstheory_tobecorrect.随着时间的推移，爱因斯坦的理论被证明是正确的。6.Goodmedicine_bitter!,sounds,proved,tastes,13,二、非谓语动词主动表被动的情况：,1.不定式toblame,tolet/rent,tohire,toseek用做表语时，通常用主动表被动。Whoistoblame?Thehouseistolet.,(该怪谁呢？),(此屋出租。),14,2.在“主语+be+形容词+todo”结构中的不定式通常Thequestionisdifficulttoanswer.Doyouthinkthewaterissafetodrink?Hiswritingisimpossibletoread.Thestrawberriesarenicetoeat.Themanishardtoplease.Theroomisexpensivetolivein.,15,有时形容词后跟有名词，在名词后用作定语的不定式用主动形式表示被动意义：Itsadifficultbooktoread.那是一本难读的书。Itisapleasantthingtoremember.这是一件值得记住的愉快的事。,16,3在therebe结构中例如：Thereisalotofhomework_（do）Thereisnothing_（worryabout）,todo,toworryabout,17,4.在“tooto;enoughto”结构中主动表被动。tooto也可用被动如：Theproblemistoodifficult_(workout)Thehouseisbigenough_(livein).,toworkout,tolivein,18,5.不定式用于某些动词的（have,havegot,get,want,need）宾语后做后置定语时，主动表被动：e.g.Ihavesomeletterstowrite.Iwantsomethingtodrink.不定式与所修饰的名词为被动的动宾关系，与句子的主语为主动的主谓关系时，不定式用主动表被动。,19,但是注意：Ihavesomethingtotype.(我自己打)Ihavesomethingtobetyped.(请别人打)所以：当不定式的逻辑主语和句子的主语一致时就用主动表被动，若不一致，则需用被动表被动。Ihavealettertopost.(自己寄)Ihavealettertobeposted.(请别人寄),20,6.beworth/need/want/require/deserve/bear+doing,主动表被动Inall,thebookisworthreading.=isworthytoberead.SuchamanasMrSmithisnotworthhelping.SuchamanasMrSmithisnotworthytobehelped,21,Theplantsneedwateringeveryday.=needtobewatered.Thewallwantsrepairing=toberepaired.Heisill.Hedeservessendingtohospital.=tobesenttohospital.,22,7.不定式与疑问词连用e.g.Whichmovietowatchhasnotbeendecidedyet.Idontknowwhattodonext.8.在“with+宾语+todo”结构中。例如：Withnothing_(do)，helayinbedWithsomanyexercises_(finish)，Icantgotothecinema,todo,tofinish,23,1.这些孩子需要细心照料。2.他不知道接下来要怎么表达自己。3.这个问题很好解决。,Excercise!,Thesechildrenneedlookingaftercarefully.,Hedidntknowhowtoexpresshimself.,Thisproblemisveryeasytoworkout.,24,4.ImgoingtoBeijingnextweek.Doyouhaveanything_toyourparents?5.Ihaveameetingto_today.（今天我有一个会议要参加。）6.Illgotothepostoffice.Doyouhavealetter_?