七宝中学高考英语之虚拟语气 (NX)

虚拟语气,(SubjunctiveMood),语气分三种:陈述语气;祈使语气;虚拟语气,一虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的使用二虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用三.虚拟语气在主语从句中的使用四.虚拟语气在表语从句与同位语从句中的使用五.虚拟语气在方式状语从句中的使用六.虚拟语气在目的状语从句中的使用七.虚拟语气在让步状语从句中的使用八.虚拟语气表祝愿或愿望,一虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的使用,如果假设的情况与事实相反，或是根本不可能发生或是发生的可能性很小，这就是非真实条件句，即虚拟条件句。1与现在的事实相反的假设的动词形式从句：过去式（be只用were）主句：would(should/could/might)+动词原形Ifitwerenotraining,weshouldgoforapicnic.Ifhecamehere,hemightbeabletohelpyou.,高考例题1）(1984年高考)Iftherewerenosubjunctivemood,English_mucheasier.A.willbeB.wouldhavebeenC.couldhavebeenD.wouldbe答案:D,2与过去的事实相反的假设的动词形式从句：had+p.p.主句：would(should/could/might)+have+p.p.Sheshouldhavegonetothepartyifshehadbeeninvited.Ifshehadntcalledme,Iwouldhaveoversleptthismorning.,2）(1993年高考)Ifhe_,he_thatfood.Luckily,hewassenttothehospitalimmediately.A.waswarned;wouldnottakeB.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetakenC.wouldbewarned;hadnottakenD.wouldhavewarned;hadnottaken答案:B,3与将来的事实相反的假设的动词形式从句：过去式或should/wereto+动词原形主句：would(should/could/might)+动词原形IfIweretobe20yearsoldnextyear,Ishouldtakethecourseofcomputerscience.Ifitshouldfail,Iwouldtryagain.Whatwouldhappeniftheearthstoppedturning?,3）Ifhe_tomorrow,hewouldfindMr.Wangintheoffice.A.comesB.willcomeC.shouldcomeD.come答案:C,注：1。在if引导的非真实条件句中，if可以省略，但是需要倒装（从句位于主句前）Ifhehadbeenwarned,hewouldnothavetakenthatfood.=Hadhebeenwarned,hewouldnothavetakenthatfood.Whatwouldhappeniftheearthstoppedturning?=Whatwouldhappeniftheearthwereto/shouldstopturning?=Weretheearthtostopturning,whatwouldhappen?=Shouldtheearthstopturning,whatwouldhappen?,4）_hewouldhavesucceededintheexamination.A.HadheworkedhardB.IfheworkedhardC.IfheworkshardD.Ifhehasworkedhard答案:A,2某些介词without/butfor等或连词otherewise等表示含蓄条件，需用虚拟语气。Withoutair,wewouldnotliveevenforfiveminutes.=Iftherewerenoair,wewouldnotliveevenforfiveminutes.,Butforthestorm,weshouldhavearrivedearlier.=Ifithadnotbeenforthestorm,weshouldhavearrivedearlier.Jackcanthavearrivedyet;otherwisehewouldhavetelephoneme.=Jackcanthavearrivedyet;ifhehadarrived,hewouldhavetelephoneme.,5）(1991年高考)Withoutelectricityhumanlife_quitedifferenttoday.A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe答案:D6）(2001年上海春招)Hehesitatedforamomentbeforekickingtheball,otherwisehe_agoal.A.hadscoredB.scoredC.wouldscoreD.wouldhavescored答案:D,3当主句的动作和从句的动作不是发生在同一时间，需用混合虚拟条件句表示。1）过去时与现在时混合使用，即条件为过去事实相反的假设，而主句为与现在事实相反的说法。Ifhehadfollowedthedoctorsadvice,hewouldbeallrightnow.,3）现在时与将来时混合使用。Ifhewereherenow,hewastostartoffwithustomorrow.7）(2002年上海)ItishardformetoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayifI_inloveattheageofseven,withtheMelindaCoxLibraryinmyhometown.A.wouldnthavefallenB.hadnotfallenC.shouldfallD.weretofall答案:B,8）(1995年高考)Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit_.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken答案:C,二虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用,1在动词order/demand/insist/command/advise/suggest/request/require/decide/ask等词后的宾语从句中谓语动词用（should）+动词原形。Janesuncleinsistedthatshenotstayinthehotel.Theworkersrequestedthattheirworkingconditionsbeimproved.,注：这些词的后面有时也不用虚拟语气。Janespalefacesuggestedthatshewasill.Heinsistedthathewasright.9）(1987年高考)Thejudgeorderedthatthethief_punished.A.wouldbeB.shouldbeC.wastobeD.mustbe答案:B,10）(1997年高考)Janespalefacesuggestedthatshe_ill,andherparentssuggestedthatshe_amedicalexamination.A.be;shouldhaveB.was;haveC.shouldbe;hadD.was;has答案:B,2动词wish的宾语从句的谓语动词与条件从句的谓语动词形式一样，即：现在使用过去；过去使用过去完成；将来使用过去将来（不管主句的谓语动词如何）。IdowishthatIcouldhelpyou.IwishIhadknowntheanswertothequestionthen.,高考例题11）(2002年上海春招)HowIwisheveryfamily_alargehousewithabeautifulgarden!A.hasB.hadC.willhaveD.hadhad答案:B12）(1988年高考)IwishI_youyesterday.A.seenB.didseenC.hadseenD.weretosee答案:C,2.It+be+important/desirable(理想的)/better/strange/necessary/surprising/+that从句(should+动词原形)Itisnecessarythatyou(should)bepresentatthediscussion.,4.Itis(high/about)time+that从句(动词用一般过去时态)Itistimeweleft.=Itistimeforustoleave.Itishightimethathebegantothinkhowtodealwithmoney.例题13)Itisdesirablethattheplane_aslightaspossible.A.wasB.beC.isD.were答案:B,三.虚拟语气在主语从句中的使用,1.It+be+suggested/ordered/demanded/required/requested/planned/arranged/+that从句(should+动词原形)ItwassuggestedthatJane(should)haveamedicalexamination.,14）Itishightimethatwe_toschool.A.wouldgoB.wentC.willgoD.hadgone答案:B15）Iwouldratherthatyou_rightaway.A.leaveB.leftC.willleaveD.shouldlive答案:B,四.虚拟语气在表语从句与同位语从句中的使用,名词suggestion/proposal(建议)/order/advice/demand等可以接名词性从句,从句中的谓语动词一般使用虚拟语气,(should)+动词原形.Mysuggestionisthatyou(should)sendafewsoldierstohelpthem.Hemakesthedemandthatshe(should)leavetheplaceatonce.,例题16）Theirdemandisthattheirwages_increasedby20%.A.beB.shouldC.willbeD.mustbe答案:A17）Theteacheragreedtothesuggestionthatthestudents_twoweekstopreparefortheexam.A.giveB.shouldgiveC.begivenD.wouldbegiven答案:C,五.虚拟语气在方式状语从句中的使用,关联词有asif/asthough(用法与wish后的宾语从句相同,即:现在使用过去；过去使用过去完成；将来使用过去将来（不管主句的谓语动词如何）。Theylookratherpuzzledasiftheydidntknowanythingaboutit.,高考例题18）(1993年高考)Thetwostrangerstalkedasifthey_friendsforyears.A.shouldbeB.wouldbeC.havebeenD.hadbeen答案:D,六.虚拟语气在目的状语从句中的使用,由sothat/inorderthat/forfearthat(以免)引导的从句中谓语动词常使用情态动词may/might/can/could等.IgotthereearlierthanusualsothatIcouldbethefirstonetoenterthechurch.Hetriedhisbesttostudyinorderthathemightpasstheexams.,例题19）Theemperorgavethetwocheatssomegoldinorderthatthey_theirworkatonce.A.maybeginB.canbeginC.mightbeginD.shouldbegin答案:C,七.虚拟语气在让步状语从句中的使用,evenif/eventhough引导的让步状语从句,若表示与事实相反,其动词用虚拟语气形式,主从句中的谓语动词形式与非真实条件句相同.Evenif/EventhoughIwererich,Iwouldwork.,例题20）Evenifhe_here,hecouldnotsolvetheproblem.A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.hasbeen答案:B,八.虚拟语气表祝愿或愿望,1.祝愿句常用动词原形或may引导的倒装句.Godblessyou!=MayGodblessyou!