必修三 Unit 4Reading

Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestarsReading,高一人教新课标版必修三,1.Doyouknowtheoriginoflifeonearth?2.Eachreligionorculturehasitsownideasabouthowlifebeganonearth.,InChineseculture,_separates(分)theskyfromtheearth.,Pangu盘古,sky,earth,_madehumanbeings.,Nuwa(女娲),Inwesterncountries:_createdtheworldandalllivingthings.,God(上帝),Day1:GodspokeandseparatedlightfromdarknesscreatingDayandNightDay2:GodspokeandseparatedthewatercreatingskyandoceanDay3:Godspokeandcreateddryland,TheBiblicalAccount,Day4:Godspokeandcreatedthesun,moonandstarsDay5:GodspokeandcreatedlivingcreaturesintheairandseaDay6:GodspokeandcreatedthelandanimalsandmanDay7:GodrestedandblessedthisdaycallingitHoly,IndiaBrahmaisthegodfirstrepresentedintheHinduTriad.Heisthecreatoroftheuniverseandalllivingbeingsaresaidtohaveevolvedfromhim.,Pre-reading,Lookatthepicture.Doyouknowthetopicofthisreading?,大爆炸宇宙产生示意图,BigBang,Gas,Newstars,Dyingstars,remnants,地球大气,Theearthsatmosphere,nitrogen,oxygen,dioxide,carbon,vapour,Itwasfullofwater.,海洋里的细胞开始分裂,登陆,爬行动物,恐龙,Mammals,人类的兴起,1.Whywastheearthdifferentfromotherplanets?Thewaterremained.2.Whydidtheplantsgrowbeforetheanimalscame?Becauseplantsprovideoxygenforanimalstobreathe.,Answerthequestions.,FastReading,3.Whyisitwronginfilmsandstoriestoshowdinosaursandpeopletogether?Becausedinosaursdiedoutlongbeforehumanbeingsdevelopedontheearth.,4.Thereusedtobenineplanetsinthesolarsystem.Recentlyscientistshavedecidedthatoneofthemcannolongerbeconsideredaplanet.Doyouknowthenameofthatplanet?Doyouknowwhytheyremovedit?Pluto.Scientistsnowthinkitistoosmalltobecalledaplanet.,5.Whydoyouthinkthathumansarethecleverestanimalsontheearth?Theyarethecleverestanimalsbecausetheyhavelargerbrainsthananyothercreatureontheearthsofar.6.Whatproblemiscausedbyhumanbeings?Theycauseglobalwarming.,1.Whywastheearthdifferentfromotherplanets?A.Itproducedalotofheat.B.Thewaterremained.C.Thewaterdisappeared.D.Itwastheoldestplanet.,Choosethebestanswer.,B,2.Whywaslifeabletodevelopontheearthbutnotonotherplanets?A.Theearthhadasolidshape.B.Theearthdidnothaveharmfulgasesinitsatmosphere.C.Thewaterstayedontheearthbutnotonotherplanets.D.Theearthwasnottoohotandnottoocold.,C,3.Whywasitnecessaryforplantstogrowbeforeanimals?A.Animalsneededplantstoprotectthemfromthesun.B.Plantsprovidedoxygenforanimalstobreathe.C.Animalscouldhidefromhuntersintheforest.D.Itwaseasierforplantstogrow.,B,4.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat_.A.after“BigBang”,whatthedustwastobecomeremainedamysteryB.plantsappearedbeforetheanimalsC.plantsmultipliedandfilledtheoceanswithoxygenD.plantsplayedanimportantpartintheappearanceoftheanimals,D,AwidelyacceptedtheoryabouttheformationoftheuniverseTheformationoftheearthTheimportanceofwaterforlifeThedevelopmentofplantsandanimalsontheearthThearrivalofhumansandtheirimpactontheearth,Para.1,Para.2,Para.3,Para.4,Para.5,Themainideaforeachparagraph.,CarefulReading,Puttheeventsintoatimeline.,1.Insectsandamphibiansappeared.3.Theearthbecameasolidball.5.Reptilesappeared.7.Theearthwasacloudofdust.9.Shellfishandotherfishappeared.11.Cleveranimalswithhandsandfeetappeared.,Keys:107384961521211,2.Dinosaursappeared.4.Smallplantsgrewonthewater.6.Plantsbegantogrowondryland.8.Waterappearedontheearth.10.Theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang”.12.Mammalsappeared.,Combineinto,Explodewithfireandrock,dissolveharmfulgases,BigBang,Energeticdust,aviolentsolidball,Atmosphere,Water,oceansandseas,Cooldown,Finishthefollowingform.,Para1-3,Acloudofenergeticdust,Asolidball,Atmosphere,Aworldfullofwater,4,1,3,2,dissolveharmfulgases,Fillintheblankswiththeproperwords.,Afterthe_,theearthwasacloudof_.Laterthedustbeganto_into_.Andthenit_loudlywithfireandrock,whichwereintimeto_thewatervapour,carbondioxide,whichweretomaketheearths_.Astheearth_down,_beganto_onitssurface.Waterhad_fromplanetsorsatellites,butit_ontheearth.Thatmadeitpossibleforlifetobeginto_.,energeticdust,combine,exploded,produce,cooled,appear,disappeared,stayed,develop,“BigBang”,aball,atmosphere,water,1.smallplantsinwater,2.shellfishandallsortsoffish,3.greenplantsonland,4.insects(onland)5.amphibian(onlandandinwater),6.forests,7.reptiles(onland)8.dinosaurs(onland)9.mammals(onland),Para4:Finishthefollowingform.,arrivalofsmallplantsinwater,earlyshellfish,plants,animals,allsortsoffish,earlyshellfish,Afewkinds,manykinds,Plantsinthewater,Plantsonland,water,land,insects,dinosaurs,simple,complex,low,Manhadevolvedfromapes.,达尔文(进化论),advanced,Fillintheblanks.,Thearrivalof_encouragedthe_ofearly_.Manymillionsofyearslater_begantoappear_.Later_appeared.Somewere_.Otherscalled_,wereabletoliveonlandswellas_.Whentheplantsgrewintoforests,_appearedforthefirsttime.Aftertheydisappeared,_becamemoreimportant.Theywerethelastgroupofanimalsdifferentfrombecausethey_fromwithintheirbodies.,development,shellfishandallsortsoffish,onland,landanimals,amphibians,dinosaurs,mammals,produced,smallplants,thefistgreenplants,insects,inthesea,Languagepoints,1.Theearthbecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.1)violent猛烈的,激烈的2)whether可以引导主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句;而if只能引导宾语从句。引导宾语从句既可以用whether,也可以用if,Heaskedmewhether/ifIcouldlendhimmybike.Couldyoutelluswhether/ifitsnowsinwinterinAustralia?,2.Theywereintimetoproduceintime及时;终于Shewillbebackintimetopreparedinner.Thedoctorcameintimetosaveherlife.医生及时赶来救了她的命.Maryusuallygetshomeintimetobaththechildren玛莉通常及时到家给孩子们洗澡.注意:intime还有“过些时候;最后”之意Youllgetusedtoitintime.过些时候你会习惯它的.Dontworry.Imsurethingswillgetbetterintime.别着急,我肯定过些时候事情会好转的.,与time相关的短语:innotime立刻,马上attimes有时atatime每次;依次onceuponatime从前ontime按时;准时atonetime从前forthetimebeing暂时fromtimetotime不时地,3.atmospheren.大气层;气氛Anatmosphereoftensionfiledtheroom.屋子里笼罩着紧张的气氛。Theatmosphereoverdinnerwaswarmandfriendly.用餐时洋溢着热情友好的气氛。注意:指“大气层”使,常用theatmosphere;指“气氛”时,常使用单数形式。,4.astheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface.随着地球的冷却,地球的表面就开始出现了水。1)cooldown变凉,冷却2)appear“出现,似乎”是不及物动词当表示“似乎,好像”时是系动词,该词无被动语态。OurteacherappearedonTVthismorning.,辨析:appearseemlook,I.含义上的差异appear是指根据事物的外表表象做出判断的,但实质上并不一定如此;seem是表示说话人主观上的判断,暗含有一定的根据,往往接近事实的判断;look是根据视觉印象而得出的判断,实质上也可能如此。Sheisfiftybutsheappearsyoung.她五十岁了,但看起来很年轻。(其实并非如此)Sheseemsyoung.(Ithinksheisyoung.)她看起来很年轻。(个人的主观判断而推断出)Shelooksyoung.她很年轻。(从他外表可出感觉出),II.用法上的差异a.appear,look,seem后均可带名词、形容语、tobe结构。Themanwhocameyesterdayappeared/seemed/lookedanhonestman.昨天来的那个人看来是一个诚实的人。b.look可用于进行时,而seem,appear一般不能。Heislookingveryhappy.他现在看起来很高兴。,c.appear和seem之后可接动词不定式的一般式、完成式以及其他形式,而look之后除了能接tobe结构外,不接其它动词不定式形式。Sheappearedtoagreewithyou.他好像同意你的意见。Theydontseemtohavereadthisnovel.他们好像没有读过这本小说。,d.look,seem能与介词like构成习语,意思是“看上去象”,而appear却不能。如:ItseemslikeyearssinceIlastsawyou.自从上次见到你后,好像很久没有见到你了。Helookslikeastudent.他看起来象个学生。e.seem,look后均可接asif,asthough引导的表语从句,从句中既可用陈述语气也可用虚拟语气,而appear则不能。Itseemed/lookedasifhehadbeentoBeijing.看起来他去过北京。,f.appear和seem均可接that引导的从句,而look不能。Itseems/appearsthatwewontfinishthisworktoday.我们好像今天完不成这项工作。g.appear和seem可用于therebe结构中,而look不能。如:Thereappearstohavebeenanaccident.好像出了一次事故。,5.bylayingeggs.lay-laid-laid-laying放,把.放在.;产卵Helaidhisbooksonthedesk.注意:lie(lay;lain;lying)躺;位于lie(lied;lied;lying)说谎Thenaughtyboy_tomethatthehenthat_therejustnowhad_twoeggsthedaybefore.A.laid;laid;laidB.laid;lay;lainC.lied;laid;lainD.lied;lay;laid,D,6.givebirthto1)生(孩子)Shesjustgivenbirthtoahealthybabygirl.她刚刚生了个健康的女婴。2)产生Theextraordinaryexperiencegavebirthtohislatestnovel.这段奇特的经历促成了他的最新的一部小说的诞生。,7.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichpreventsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.他们把太多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中,这就使得热量不能从地球上散发到太空中去。preventsth./sb.(from)doingsth.制止(防止)某人(某物)做某事Therulesareintendedtopreventaccidents.Whatcanwedotopreventthisaccident(from)happening?,Iintendtogoandnothingyoudocanpreventme!(阻止)Nothingcanpreventthisplanfrombeingcarriedout.注意:类似结构keep/stopsb.fromdoingsth.,但keepsb.fromdoingsth.中from不可省略,prevent/stopsb.fromdoingsth.中的from可省,但如在被动语态中,他们中的from都不可省。Itriedtokeephimfromwaitingforher.我试图叫他不要再等她了.Itriedtokeephimwaitingforher.我试图让他等她.,8.theearthmaybecometoohottoliveon.地球可能会因此变得太热而不适合生物的生存。有关too的一些用法1)too作“太”讲。Thereistoomuchwater.水太多了。Thisshirtistoolargeforme.这衬衫我穿起来太大。Theproblemisrathertoohardforme.这个问题对我来说太难了。,2)“tooadj.to”,有两种意义,一种为“太以至(不)”,在翻译时要加上一个否定词;另一种是“太”,语意肯定,但too后的形容词常用ready,heavy,beautiful等。Thequestionistoohardtounderstand.问题太难,理解不了。Heistooproudtoseehisownshortcomings.他太骄傲了以至于看不到自己的缺点。Youaretooreadytofindfaultwithothers.你太爱挑别人的毛病了。,3)“only/all/not/buttooadj.to”,后面的动词不定式在翻译时不必加否定词。only等与too连用等于very(非常)。Ishallbeonlytoopleasedtohearfromyoufurther.我非常欢迎你再来信。Theyarebuttoogladtodoso.他们非常喜欢这么做。Weareonlytoopleasedtoworktogetherwiththeworkers.我们和工人们一起劳动,非常高兴。,4)“cannotcannever.too”,表示“无论怎样也不会过分”。Youcannotpraisehimtoohighly.你无论怎样表扬他也不过分。Wecannotbetoocarefulindoingexperim