现在完成时过去完成时.ppt

Grammarandusage,Presentperfecttense现在完成时,结构：肯定：have/hasdone否定：have/hasnotdone疑问：Has/Have+主语+done简略答语:Yes,主语+have/has.(肯定)No,主语+havent/hasnt.(否定)被动：has/havebeendone,注意：1)现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday,lastweek,threeyearsago等;2)不能与when连用3).现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,用法一：表示(不确定的)过去发生的动作对现在产生影响或造成结果。,Ihavealreadylostthekey.(我现在没有钥匙)Ihaventreadthatbookyet.(不了解书的内容)Ihavejustcleanedmyhands.(手是干净的),常与already(已经),yet(已经),just(刚刚),ever(曾经)never(从不)，recently(最近),lately(近来)等词连用.,already:常用于肯定句中.yet:常用于否定句,疑问句尾.,注意：just:刚刚，与现在完成时连用justnow:刚才，与一般过去时连用e.g.IhavejustboughtapenIboughtapenjustnow.,用法二:表示从过去开始并持续到现在的动作或状态，也可能继续持续下去，只能用于某些延续性动词，常与for,since,或和表示从过去某时到现在这段时间的时间状语（如:sofar,uptonow,inthelastfewyears/days等）连用。,ShehaslearnedEnglishfor5years.HehaslivedinBeijingsincehewasborn.HashelivedinShenzhenfor4years?,since:(自以来)1)since+时间点Hehasstayedheresince5oclock.2)since+时间段+agoHehasstayedheresince5hoursago.3)since+从句ShehastaughtEnglishsincehecamehere.for:(长达）for+时间段Hehaskeptthebookfor2weeks.,since,for的用法:,Takenotes,用for或since填空,Mr.BrownhashadhisTV_15years.Ivetakendrivinglessons_lastmonth.Mysisterhashadhercellphone_amonth.Myfriendshaventvisitedme_mybirthday.Wehaventusedourcar_alongtime.Shehasnthadagoodcupofcoffee_years.Tomhaswornglasses_hewas7yearsold.,for,since,for,since,for,for,since,注意：瞬间动词在肯定句中不能与for，since等表示一段时间的时间状语连用,延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如：learn,work,stand,lie,know,walk,keep,have,wait,watch,sing,read,sleep,live,stay等。瞬间动词也称非延续性动词、终止性动词或短暂性动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。如：open,close,finish,begin,come,go,arrive,reach,getto,leave,die,borrow,buy等。,当现在完成时+一段时间注意：1)TomhasstudiedRussianforthreeyears.=TombegantostudyRussianthreeyearsago,andisstillstudyingitnow.2)(错)Harryhasgotmarriedforsixyears.=Harrybegantogetmarriedsixyearsago,andisstillgettingmarriednow.改为:Harrygotmarriedsixyearsago.或Harryhasbeenmarriedforsixyears.,误,Ihavereceivedhisletterfortwodays.,正,Ireceivedhislettertwodaysago.Ihavehadhisletterfortwodays.ItistwodayssinceIreceivedhisletter.,*瞬间动词在否定句中则可以与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。,Ihaventreceivedhisletterforalongtime.,Hehasntmarriedsincehebrokeupwithhisgirlfriend.,动作,die,beover,leave,arrive,begin,end/finish,join,marry,beaway,behere,beon(上演）,bemarried,bein,bedead,由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换,1.have代替buyMybrotherhashad(不能用hasbought)thisbikeforalmostfouryears.2、用keep或have代替borrowIhavekept(不能用haveborrowed)thebookforquiteafewdays.3、用be替代becomeHowlonghasyoursisterbeenateacher?4、用haveacold代替catchacoldTomhashadacoldsincethedaybeforeyesterday.5、用wear代替puton,b)用“be形容词”代终止性动词1、bemarried代marry2、beill代fall(get)ill4、beasleep代fall(get)asleep5、beawake代wake/wakeup7、beopen代open8、beclosed代close/shut9、bemissing(gone,lost)代lose,用法三：表示一个过去发生的动作到现在为止已完成或刚刚完成。Nowwehaveplantedallthetrees.Hehasturnedoffthelight.Uptonow,theprogramhassavedthousandsofchildren.A:“Wouldyoulikesomethingtoeat?”B:“No,thanks.Ivejusthadlunch.”,Allofushaveheardthismanytimes.IhavevisitedBeijingthreetimes.Youdontneedtodescribeher;Ihavemetherseveraltimes.,用法四：表示过去发生的一次或多次的动作，一般汉语译为“过”，常带有once，twice,threetimes等频度时间状语,特殊句型：,1.Itis+时间段since+一般过去时的句子.,他的爷爷已经去世2年了。Nick参军3年了.他离开深圳好长时间了。这本书我已借了4个月了.,Itis2yearssincehisgrandpadied.,Itis3yearssinceNickjoinedthearmy.,ItisalongtimesinceheleftShenzhen.,Itis4monthssinceIborrowedthebook.,句型二:This/Itisthefirst/second等序数词time+that从句(谓语动词用现在完成时),ItsthefirsttimethatMissLiuhasbeentoTaojiang.,句型三：It/This/Thatisthe最高级+名词that从句（谓语动词用现在完成时）,ItsthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.,have/hasgonetoIvebeenhavingalotofcolds.最近天气变化无常,我时常感冒。,Usages,用法一：从以前到现在这一段时间里一直在进行的动作，可能仍在进行，也可能已停止。e.g.1.IthasbeenrainingsincelastMonday.自上周一以来就一直在下雨。2.Shesbeenwatchingtelevisionallday.她看了整整一天电视。,用法二：表示一个从过去某时开始的动作一直延续到说话时刚结束。,Wherehaveyoubeen?Wehavebeenlookingforyoueverywhere.,用法三：表示过去刚刚完成的动作，对现在有联系或影响。,1.Ivebeentypinglettersallday.（Iamverytired.）一整天都在打信件。（我太累了。）2.Susanhasbeencrying.（Susanseyesarered.）苏姗一直在哭。（眼睛都哭红了。）,Practice:HowIwishIcouldbringsomelaughtertomystudentswho_sohard.willworkB.hadworkedC.havebeenworkingD.wereworking2.Isntithardtodrivedowntowntowork?-Yes,thatswhyI_toworkbytrain.havegoneB.havebeengoingC.wasgoingD.willhavegone,现在完成进行时和现在完成时的比较:,Note1:两者都可表示延续至今的状态,但现在完成进行时强调动作的持续性；而现在完成时着重说明一个事实。A.TheyhavelivedinNewYork.他们住在巴黎。B.TheyhavebeenlivinginNewYork.他们一直住在巴黎。,Note2:现在完成时强调结果和影响；现在完成进行时强调动作仍在进行。1.Ivecleanedthewindows.我把窗户擦干净了。2.Ivebeencleaningthewindows.我一直在擦窗户。(可能窗户尚未擦完),Howmanytimeshaveyouswuminthelake?,Howlonghaveyoubeenswimminginthelake?,Note3:现在完成时表示动作重复的次数，提问时用howmanytimes;而现在完成进行时则表示持续的不间断的动作，提问时用howlong.,IhavevisitedEgypttwicethismonth.,IhavebeentouringEgyptfortwomonths.,注意：never,yet,already,everandonce,twice等频率时间状语不能用于现在完成进行时。,Note4:现在完成时通常只陈述事实，而现在完成进行时还可表示一种感情色彩。,Ihavewaitedfortwohours.我等了两小时。（陈述事实）Ihavebeenwaitingfortwohours.我等了两个小时。（等得好辛苦）,1.ImsureAndrewwillwinthefirstprizeinthefinal.Ithinkso.He_foritformonths.A.ispreparingB.waspreparing