高考英语强调句型.ppt

高考英语复习专题,强调句型,在高考试卷中强调句已经成为高考热点。命题者加大了对句子结构复杂程度和知识面的考查，同时注重考查知识之间的交叉和语法知识的力度。这就要求我们在平时的复习和备考中注意总结，全面把握，深入研究。强调句主要有以下四大考点：（1）考查强调句式的基本结构（2）考查含有“notuntil”句型的强调句式（3）考查强调句式的疑问句（4）考查强调句式的正确判断,Itis(was)+被强调部分+that(who)+句子其他部分。,此结构强调的成分仅限于主语、宾语、表语和状语。,一、强调句型的强调部分必须是对that/who之后句子的某一成分表示强调，如果把“Itis(was).that”去掉，该句应该意思完整，不缺任何句子成分.,强调句型的判断把“It,be，that”去掉，如果剩余部分句子结构仍然完整（被强调部分要还原到原位置），那么这个句子就是强调句；如果句子不完整，则不是强调句。如：（1）Itishewho/thatoftenhelpsmewithmyEnglish.Itisonthehillsidethatweplanttreeseveryyear.Itwasbecauseofbadweatherthatthefootballmatchhadtobeputoff.(Shanghai2003,spring)分析：去掉Itis/was.that/who句子后结构仍然完整，句意仍明确，都是强调句。,Itwas9oclockwhenwecameback我们回来时是九点钟。Itwas3hourssincewehadcomeback我们回来已三个小时了。分析：在上面例句中若去掉Itwas.when/before/since等后，句子结构就不完整，所以不是强调句。,2）Itwasatthetheatre_Lincolnwasmurdered.Itwasthetheatre_Lincolnwasmurdered.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.theone,C,B,Itwasourteacher_didtheexperimentinthelablastnight.A.whomB.thatC.whichD.whereItwastenyearsago_MissGaoreturnedtoChina.A.thatB.whenC.sinceD.asItwas_hesaid_disappointedme.(Shanghai99)A.what;thatB.that;thatC.what;whatD.that;whatItwasforthisreason_herunclemovedoutofNewYorkandsettleddowninasmallvillage.(Shanghai2001,spring)A.whichB.whyC.thatD.how,B,A,A,C,Isit_whowantstoseeyou?A.himB.heC.hisD.himself,Itwas_whorespectedalltheirteachers.A.themB.theirC.theyD.themselves,C,-WhatisMary?-Wasit_thatyouwerereferredto?A.heB.sheC.herD.they,C,B,强调部分如果是人称代词，应根据句子需要选择它的主格或宾格形式,It_MikeandMarywhohelpedtheoldmanseveraldaysago.A.wasB.areC.wereD.hadbeen,A,It_atChristmasthatJohnSmithgaveMaryahandbag.A.musthaveB.willbeC.mighthavebeenD.mayhavehad,C,注意谓语动词形式与整个句子语境的一致性,强调句型中的be动词和情态动词的结合Itmaybe+被强调部分+that.Itmusthavebeen+被强调部分+that.Coulditbe+被强调部分+that.ItmighthavebeenJohn_boughtanewbookforMaryyesterday.A.whatB.sinceC.thatD.thenItmaybenextweek_sheleavesforTokyo.,C,C,被强调的主语要和that后面的谓语动词在数上保持一致。（1）ItisMarywhooften_(help)mewithmyEnglish.（2）ItisIthat_(be)againstyou.（3）ItistheboystudentsofClassTwowho_(be)playingfootballontheplayground.（4）ItisMr.Green,togetherwithhiswifeandchildren,that_inChinanow.AareBisCwasDwere,helps,am,are,B,强调部分为疑问词时：,_electricityplaysanimportantpartinourdailylife?A.WhywasitthatB.WhyisitthatC.WhyisitD.Whyitisthat,B,Whowasit_wantedtoseemejustnow?A.thatB.whoC.whenD.when,A,_youmettheforeignerfromCanada?A.WhereitwasthatB.WhoitwasthatC.WherewasitthatD.Wherewasthat,C,强调部分为疑问代词或疑问副词时，该强调句句型结构与特殊疑问句句型相同，即：“疑问词+一般疑问句”,Eg:Wheredidyouseehercellphoneyesterday?Wherewasitthatyousawhercellphoneyesterday?（强调特殊疑问词where）,特殊疑问词+is/was+it+that+句子的其他部分（陈述语序）。,Howwillyougotovisithertomorrow?Howisitthatyouwillgotovisithertomorrow?（强调特殊疑问词how）,(22)Ireallydontknow_Ihadmymoneystolen.AwhereisitthatBwhenitisthatCwhereitwasthatDitwaswherethat,C,_isit_hasmadePeter_heistoday?A.What;that;thatB.That;that;whatC.What;what;thatD.What;that;what,简析：本题结构复杂，乍看难以理清，请看下面两句：ItisdeterminationthathasmadePeterwhatheistoday.对划线部分提问WhatisitthathasmadePeterwhatheistoday?,结合特殊疑问词构成特殊疑问句形式。,依此为据扩展开来可为：(背过）1Howisitthatsheturneddownourhelp?什么原因使得？2WherewasitthatyoumetTomyesterday?究竟在哪？3Whenwasitthatyoumethiminthepark?究竟何时？4WhenandwherewasitthatyougottoknowMary?究竟在何时何地？5Whowasitthatthatcameupwiththebrightidea?究竟是谁？6Whichbookisitthatyouwanttobuy?究竟是哪一本书？7Whoseumbrellawasitthatyoutookaway?到底是谁的伞？,强调句型和（not）until句型的结合。句式特征为:Itis/wasuntil+被强调部分+that+延续动词Itis/wasnotuntil+被强调部分+that+短暂动词如：用强调句型对Ididntleaveuntilitgotdark.中的划线部分进行强调，则变成：ItwasnotuntilhecamebackthatIknewtheresult.简析：注意此种情况下否定词not要从原题的主句上转移到被强调的从句上，这也是否定转移的一种形式。,Itwasuntillastyearthathe_.A.leftschoolforanewstartB.cametorealizetheimportanceoflearningEnglishC.workedasanEnglishteacheratamiddleschoolD.setouttobuildanewhouseofhisown简析：本题不含否定词not，四个选项中只有C项中的动词work为延续性动词，答案C。,Itwasnotuntillateintheevening_herhusbandarrivedhome.A.whichB.whenC.thatD.how,C,Itwasnotuntil1920_regularradiobroadcastsbegan.A.whichB.whenC.thatD.since,C,Itwasnot_shetookoffherdarkglasses_Irealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.A.when;thatB.until;thatC.until;whenD.when;then,B,注意not.until句型的变化。比较下列三个句子：,Shedidntrememberherappointmentwiththedoctoruntilshehadarrivedhome.,Itwasnotuntilshehadarrivedhomethatsherememberedherappointmentwiththedoctor.,Notuntilshehadarrivedhomedidsherememberherappointmentwiththedoctor.,强调部分为介词短语：,ItwasthroughJack_MarygottoknowBob.A.whoB.whomC.howD.that,D,ItwasonOctober1st1949_newChinawasfounded.A.whichB.whenC.asD.that,D,Wasitinthispalace_thelastemperordied?A.thatB.inwhichC.inwhereD.which,A,Itwastheschoolgate_Imetanoldfriendofmineafterclass.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.why,C,强调部分为介词短语时，表示时间或地点时，应注意与定语从句的区别,强调句中含有名词性从句,Ivealreadyforgotten_youputthedictionary.A.thatitwasthereB.wherewasitthatC.thatwhereitwasD.whereitwasthat,D,强调句中含有同位语从句,Itwasattheverybeginning_Mr.Foxmadethedecision_weshouldsendmorefirefightersthere.A.when,whichB.where,whatC.then,soD.that,that,D,强调句中含有定语从句,Itwasinthesmallhouse_wasbuiltwithstonesbyhisfather_hespenthischildhood.A.which,thatB.that,whereC.which,whichD.that,which,A,Coulditbeintherestaurantin_youhaddinnerwithmeyesterday_youlostyourhandbag?A.that;whichB.which;thatC.where;thatD.that;where,Itwasplayingcomputergamesthatcosttheboyplentyoftimethatheoughttohavespentdoinghislessons.,简析：划线部分作定语从句修饰先行词time。本题中有两个that，最大的误会就是把二者弄混，第一个that是强调句型中的；第二个that是关系代词引导定语从句的。因其作spent的宾语，可以省去。,Is_threehours_theboy_familyispoortocometoschoolonfoot?A.it;that;whoseB.it;thatittakes;whoseC.itfor;thatittakes;whoseD.it;when;that;简析：本题结构复杂，是定语从句、强调句型的一般问句形式和句式Ittakessbsometimetodosth.的糅合。我们也分几步来看这个句子：第一步：基本句式Ittakestheboythreehourstocometoschoolonfoot.第二步：以theboy为先行词，后面附上定语从句，则变为：Ittakestheboywhosefamilyispoorthreehourstocometoschoolonfoot.第三步：用强调句型对上句中的划线部分进行强调，则变为：Itisthreehoursthatittakestheboywhosefamilyispoortocometoschoolonfoot.第四步：将上句变为一般疑问句即是该题，经对比可知答案应为B。,强调句中含有状语从句,Itwasbecausehewasillthathedidntcome.Itwassinceshecameherethatshebegantocry.Itiswhenhefoundamousethatherealizeditwasadirtyroom.,强调句型的形近句型。(1)It+be+adj./n./过去分词+that从句句型。该句型中的It是形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语从句。如：Itisimportantthathe(should)learnEnglishwell.ItisafactthathecanspeakbothEnglishandJapanese.Itissuggestedthatheleavehisofficerightnow.,(2)“Itbe+时间段+since”句型。如果since和延续性动词连用，则意为“某人不做某事已有多久了”；如和短暂动词连用，则为“某人做某事已有多久了”。如：Itistwomonthssincehefellill.他病了两个月了。Itistwomonthssincehewasill.他病好已经两个月了。（3）Itbe+时间段+before句型表示“多久后某事发生”。Itwasalongtimebeforetheymetagain.很长时间后他们才见面。Itwasnotlongbeforehecameback.时间过不久他们就回来了。（4）“Itbewhen”句型表示“某事发生时正是时候”Itwas1949whenthePRCwasfounded.试比较强调句型句：Itwasin1949thatthePRCwasfounded.(去掉it，was，that后仍是一个完整的句子),用that.beofre,since,when完成下列各句1.Itwasthreehoursago_helefthere.2.Itwasthreeoclock_helefthere.3.Itisthreehours_helefthere.4.Itwillbethreehours_heleaveshere5.Itwasntlong_helefthere.,that,when,since,before,before,强调句型的省略形式句式特征为:在一定的上下文中，强调句型的某个部分可以省略。作题时要特别注意将其复原并加以比较。1.Whoismakingsomuchnoiseinthegarden?_thechildren.A.ItisB.TheyareC.ThatisD.Thereare简析：强调句型在具体的语境中省略，其完整形式应是：Itisthechildrenwhoaremakingsomuchnoiseinthegarden.。答案为A。2Hewasnearlydrownedonce.Whenwas_?_wasin1998whenhewasinmiddleschool.(NMET2002北京春季，30)A.that;ItB.this;ThisC.this;ItD.that;This简析：在第三句话中whenhewasinmiddleschool.为定语从句，修饰1998，其后省去了thathewasnearlydrownedonce.此题如把关系副词when也挖空，则很容易误选that。答案为A,在强调句型中考察主谓一致与比较结构。在强调句型中，有时也考察用ratherthan，notbut等连接的平行对比结构，此时既要注重比较结构，又要注意主谓一致，属于较复杂的句式。句式特征为：Itis/wasnotbutthat;不是而是（that后的动词与but后的名词或代词保持一致）Itis/wasnotthat;或者：Itis/wasthatnot;是而不是（that后的动词应与not前的名词或代词保持一致）Itis/wasratherthanthat;是而不是(that后的动词应与ratherthan前的名词或代词保持一致),1Itisnothelpbutobstaclesthatmakeaman.简析：本句译为“使人成才的，不是助力，而是阻力”。注意obstacles和make形成主谓一致关系。2PersonallyIthinkitisthesalesmanager,ratherthanthesalesgirls,_toblame.A.isB.thatisC.areD.whoare简析：此句被强调部分中的thesalesmanager，通过ratherthan与thesalesgirls形成比较结构，再考虑到主谓一致的原则，应选B。3(NMET2000,24)Itistheabilitytodothejob_mattersnotwhereyoucomefromorwhatyouare.A.oneB.thatC.whatD.it简析：本题答案选B。在本题中被强调部分theabilitytodothejob与notwhereyoucomefromorwhatyouare形成比较结构，theabilitytodothejob与matters形成主谓一致关系。当然本题还可说成：Itistheabilitytodothejobnotwhereyoucomefromorwhatyouarethatmatters.但这样就显得句子重心不稳，结构不合理。,强调句型的“让步含义”。句式特征为：含有“让步含义”的强调句型在翻译成汉语时要注意“反译”。1Itisawisefatherthatknowshisownchild.再英明的父亲也不会理解他自己的子女。（莎士比亚名言）2Itisawisemanthatnevermakesmistakes.再聪明的人也会犯错误。,强调句型的反意疑问句形式句式特征为：Itis/was+被强调部分+that，isnt/wasntit？11ItwasAliceandherboyfriendwhosenttheoldmantothehospital,_?A.dotheyB.didnttheyC.wasntitD.wasit简析：答案C.此种情况下疑问句中的主语应与强调句型中的主语it保持一致，不能和被强调部分中的名词或代词保持一致，并要遵守“前肯定后否定”的原则。,考点诠释,考点1、强调部分从短语向句子过渡。Itiswhatyoudoratherthanwhatyousay_matters.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.this在例子中强调了主语从句whatyoudoratherthanwhatyousay难点还在于每个句子都包含着两个分句，并且由ratherthan引出答案：A还原为：Whatyoudomatters,notwhatyousaymatters,考点2、强调句从肯定句向否定句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句过渡。强调句的否定句形式为：Itis/wasnot+被强调部分+that/who.强调句的一般疑问句形式为：Is/Wasit+被强调部分+that/who.?强调句的特殊疑问句形式为：疑问词+is/wasit+that/who.?（1）.Wasitin1969_theAmericanastronautsucceeded_landingonthemoon?A.when;onB.that;onC.when;inD.that;in答案：D,（2)._thathemanagedtogettheinformation?Oh,afriendofhishelpedhim.A.WherewasitB.WhatwasitC.HowwasitD.Whywasit答案：C,考点3、从考查单一的强调句到把强调句置于从句中，增加判断句子的难度。Davidsaidthatitwasbecauseofhisstronginterestinliterature_hechosethecourse.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.how例：强调句型却出现在宾语从句中，考生须熟练掌握句子结构才能分辨出强调句型来。答案：A,考点4、干扰因素增多，增加了与其它相似句型的辨析,尤其是it开头的句子。考查强调句与非强调句的辨别1.设置陷阱，使考生将强调句误判为非强调句。如：ItmighthavebeenJohn_boughtapresentforMaryyesterday.A.thatB.whenC.whatD.which【解析】答案选A，为强调句型，由于句中动词be采用了mighthavebeen这一复杂结构，所以许多同学们可能会看不出它是一个强调句型。,2.设置陷阱，使考生将非强调句误判为强调句。如：Itwasevening_wereachedthelittletownofWinchester.A.thatB.untilC.sinceD.before【解析】答案选D。有的考生一看到句首的itwas，再联系到选项中的that，就以为这是考查强调句。其实错了。此题是考查连词before的用法。因为去掉Itwasthat这一结构后，原句不能成为一个完整的句子，所以这不是强调结构。句意是：我们还没有到达Winchester这个小镇，天就夜了。,高考题回放,1.Itistheabilitytodothejob_matters,notwhereyoucomefromorwhatyouare.A.oneB.thatC.whatD.it,2.ItwasonlywhenIrereadhispoemsrecently_Ibegantoappreciatetheirbeauty.A.untilB.thatC.thenD.so,3.Itwasabout600yearsago_thefirstclockwithafaceandanhourhandwasmade.A.thatB.untilC.beforeD.when,4.Itwasbecauseofbadweather_thefootballmatchhadtobeputoff.(2003)A.soB.sothatC.whyD.that,课堂练习,1._in1943_theharmfulsmogmadeitsappearanceinLosAngeles.A.Only/thatB.Itwas/thenC.Thatitwas/whenD.Itwas/that2.ItwasontheNationalDay_shemetwithherseparatedsister.A.thatB.whenC.whereD.which,3.WasitduringtheSecondWar_hedied?A.thatB.whileC.inwhichD.then4.Who_helpedyouworkoutthemathproblem?washeB.itwaswhoC.WasitthatD.itwas,5.Itisneartheplace_thereisabomb_wefoundthedeadman.A.where/whereB.where/thatC.that/whereD.that/that6.ItwasMikeandPeterwho_thereadingroomthistimeyesterday.A.arecleaningB.werecleaningC.cleanedD.cleans,7.Itistheroom_wewillhavethemeeting.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.there8.It_theChinesepeoplethat_hardworking.A.was/wasB.is/areC.is/isD.are/are,9.Itwasnotuntilshehadarrivedhome_herappointmentwiththedoctor.A.didsherememberB.thatsherememberedC.whensherememberedD.hadsheremembered10.Wherewasit_theroadaccidenthappenedyesterday?whenB.thatC.WhichD.how,11.Itwa