山东省临沂市2017-2018学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题

山东省临沂市2017-2018学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）ALife-Changing Science DiscoveriesHeres a look at some discoveries that have changed the world. Its impossible to rank their importance, so theyre listed in the order they were discoveredMicro-organismBefore French chemist Louis Pasteur began experimenting with bacteria in the 1860s, people did not know what caused disease. He not only discovered that disease came from micro-organisms, but also realized that bacteria could be killed by heat and disinfectant(消毒剂). This idea caused doctors to wash their hands and disinfect their instruments, which has saved millions of lives.PenicillinAntibiotics are powerful drugs that kill dangerous bacteria in our bodies that make us sick. In 1928, British Alexander Fleming discovered the first antibiotic, penicillin, which he grew in his lab. Without antibiotics, infections like strep throat could be deadlyDNAOn February 28, 1853, James Watson of the United States and Francis Crick of England made one of the greatest scientific discoveries in history. The two scientists found the structure of DNA. Our genes are made of DNA and determine how things like what color hair and eye well have. In 1962, they were awarded the Nobel Prize for this work . The discovery has helped doctors understand diseases and may someday prevent some illnesses like heart disease and cancer.X-raysWilhelm Roentgen, a German physicist, discovered X-rays in 1895. X-rays go right through some substances, like flesh and wood, but are stopped by others, such as bones and lead. This allows them to be used to see broken bones or explosives inside suitcases, which makes them useful for doctors and security officers. For this discovery, Roentgen was awarded the first-ever Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901.21. What did Louis Pasteur contribute to the world? A. He discovered bacteria B. His findings helped save lives C. He found ways to grow bacteria D. His discovery won a Nobel Prize22. Which discovery was made by two scientists from different countries? A. Micro-organism B. Penicillin C. DNA D. X-rays23. Why is the discovery of X-rays important? A. It can be used to see through bones and lead B. It can help us to know why we are different C. It is useful for doctor and security officers D. It is used to kill dangerous bacteria in our bodies.24. What is common among the discoveries above? A. They can help to prevent certain diseases B. They are all related to medical fields C. They are awarded the Nobel Prize D. They are all made in EuropeBOne morning while Officer Vogel was on his coffee break in a restaurant, a man ran in a yelled. “Officer! A little kid is driving a car down the street!He ran out at once and saw a cargoing slowly-about 25 milesan hour-but it wasnt going very straight. He jumped into his police car and followed it. When the car was stopped, Officer Vogel looked inside. The driver was a little boy. His name was Rocco Morabiro and he was 5. In the back seat was his two-year-old sister. Both children were crying.I want my mummy! the boy cried. But she cant get here. I have the car.” Then he had an idea. Just a minute. he told Officer Vogel. I can drive. Ill go to get her.”“No! Officer Vogel said. “You stay with me! Then he drove them to the police station and he called their mother. They had many questions for Rocco. The first question was: Where did you get the car keys?Rocco said. “From the top of the refrigerator. At seven that morning Roccos father was at work and his mother was sleeping, Rocco saw the keys on top of the refrigerator. He climbed up on a chair, and took the keys.Rocco got into the car and started the engine. When Roccos sister heard the engine, she ran to the car and cried. She wanted to go with him.It was 7 a. m.-rush hour-so there was much traffic. Rocco drove one mile in heavytraffic. Then Officer Vogel stopped him.Newspapers and TV stations heard about Rocco, and a lot of reporters went to his house. One reporter asked Rocco, “What do you want to be when you grow up?“A truck driver, he said, smiling.25. Why did the officer asked Rocco to stay with him? A. He would drive them home B. Other cars would go much faster C. Rocco would not cause any accident D. Roccos sister would not feel alone26. For what purpose were Rocco and his sister taken to the police station? A. To have a good breakfast B. To learn some traffic rules C. To answer the policemens questions D. To wait for their mother and deal with the matter27. According to the reporters, Roccos driving was_. A. unbelievable B. disappointing C. reasonable D. boringCDerek Rabclo is not the only surfer to conquer Hawaii s famous Pipeline big wave break, but while all others use their sight to do it, this young professional surfer must rely only on his other senses. Thatsbecause he is completely blind. When Derek was born, over 24 years ago, he got his name from Derek Ho, the first Hawaiian surfing world champion. A surfing enthusiast himself, Emesto dreamed that his son would share the talent of his uncle, a professional surfer. Unfortunately, Derek was born completely blind, but this didnt slop his family from believing lhat he could do anything he wanted, even if that meant becoming a surfer. At age 2, Derek received a bodyboard and the beaches of Guarapari, Brazil, became his backyard. He was always comfortable in the water and surfing was in his blood, but he didnt actually try riding a wave until he turned 17, when his father bought him a surfboard. His father taught him the basics and encouraged him to keep practicing, but after successfully standing up on the surfboard, Derek knew he needed to become much better if he was going to achieve Emestos dream and become a professional surfer. So he joined the Praia do Moroo surfschool, where he studied under coach Fabio Maru. Standing up on a surfboard and conquering small waves is one thing, while gathering the courage to take on Hawaiis board-breaking Pipeline is another. But thats exactly what Derek Rabelo set out to do just months after learning how to surf. Everyone told him it was too dangerous, but he felt he could do it. And he did, earning the praise of famous professional surfers like Kelly Slater and Mick Fanning. Now 24, Rabelo has been surfing the Pipeline every winter since.28. What does the first paragraph tell us?A. Good eyesight is necessary for becoming good suffers.B. Nobody has ever conquered Hawaiis big wave break.C. Derek Rabelo dreams to conquer Hawaiis big wave break.D. Derek Rabelo is the only blind professional surfer to conquer Hawaiis big wave break.29. How did Ernesto behave after Derek was born?A. He named him after his uncle. B. He never lost confidence in him.C. He sent him to a surfing champion. D. He started his own interest in surfing.30. After Derek was able to stand up on the surfboard, he _.A. began to try riding a wave B. was no longer afraid of waterC. realized he still had a long way to go D. knew his fathers dream had come true31. Which of the following words can best describe Derek according to the last paragraph?A. Brave and confident. B. Skillful but proud. C. Thoughtfuland modest. D. Courageous but stubborn.DSay youre sitting around with some friends playing video games and someone mentions a game that happens to be one of your favorites. “Oh, that games easy. So not worth the time,” one of your friends says. The others agree. Although you enjoy the game quite a lot, not wanting to argue with them, you go along with the crowd.You have just experienced what is commonly referred to as peer pressure（同伴压力）, also called peer influence. You will adopt a certain type of behavior, dress, or attitude in order to be accepted as part of a group of your “peers”. As a teen, you are likely to have experienced the effect of peer pressure in a number of different areas.We are all influenced by our peers at any age. For teens, as school and other activities take you away from home, you may spend more time with your friends than with your family. As you become more independent, your peers naturally play a greater role in your life.According to Dr. Casey from Cornell University, teens are very quick and accurate in making decisions on their own and in situations where they have time to think. However, when they make decisions in the heat of the moment or in social situations, their decisions are often influenced by factors like peers. In a recent study, teen volunteers played a video driving game, either alone or with friends watching. The researchers discovered that the number of risks teens took more than doubled when their friends were watching, compared with when they played alone. This shows that teens may find it more difficult to controlrisky behavior when their friends are around, or in situations where they are extremely angry.Just as people can influence us to make unwise choices, they can also influence us to make good ones. A teen might join in a volunteer project because his or her friends are doing it, or get good grades because his or her friends think getting good grades is important. In fact, friends often encourage each other to study, or try out for sports.While we are always influenced by those around us, the decision to act or not is up to us. So when it comes to decision making, the choice is up to you.32. According to the passage, Dr. Casey probably agrees that teens _.A. like to play driving games with their friends B. prefer situations where they have time to thinkC. may take more risks when their friends are aroundD. are slow in making decisions when they are on their own33. What do the underlined words “in the heat of the moment” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. when teens avoid possible risks B. when teens trust their judgmentC. when teens lose control over their anger D. when teens give consideration to situations34. What can we learn from the passage?A. Teens are eager to be different from their peers. B. Peer pressure does more harm than good to teens. C. Peer pressure has effects on both teens and adults. D. Teens think it challenging to get good grades at school.35. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A. Peer Pressure: Is It Necessary to Deal with It? B. Peer Pressure: Is It Possible to Get Away from It?C. Peer Pressure: Its Benefits to Teens and Friend MakingD. Peer Pressure: Its Influence on Teens and Decision Making 第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项 When I was seven years old, I got the greatest Christmas gift ever. 36 Now I realize I actually have the power to be a superhero. I may not able to fly, but I make a difference to someones life. We all have the power to be a superhero to someone. Here are four ways you can be a real life superhero. 37 Think about what it is. It could be your support, time, advice, a small gift or a thank-you card. Sometimes, even just the most harmless message can bring someone out of darkness and into the light. Its something that you have to give that can help others. Keep yourself healthy. 38 Look after your body and helping people will be easier. Youll have a clear mind and energy to achieve any task in your way. Pick your fight. Every superhero has a battle. Its something that drives them to be the person they are. 39 It could be anything such as working towards helping reduce the number of homeless people on the street. The fight does not need to be big, but it needs to be powerful.Make someones day. Real life superheroes try to improve the lives of all the people they meet. 40 You can also try your best to absolutely make someones day every once in a while. The people who get your help will thank you for it.A. Whats your fight?B. Stay happy all the time.C. It was a Batman costume, complete with bell and shoes.D. Use the things you have to help someone without them.E. You cant be a superhero if you dont take care of your body.F. They try their best to turn someones bad day into a good one.G. They just want to get up, save the world and forget it ever happened.第三部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分） It was Christmas evening. I just 41 home from the nearby grocery store with all kinds of things. The kitchen was 42 with brown bags and boxes. On seeing me coming back, my youngest son, Isaiah, reached me and 43 if I would play a game with him.I took Isaiahs 44 . He stood there and his green eyes were 45 . “Here is a Christmas 46 for you. Please find it. You can see something silver.” he said. I began to look for it. I 47 the table in the corner and some other places.After a few seconds, I saw there was a 48 snow globe on the top of the piano. It was silvery and beautiful. I held the cool 49 in my hands. Isaiah said to me that it was to 50 the one that he had broken the year before. I was puzzled completely. So I bent my 51 beside him. He added 52 saved enough money and asked his elder brother, Logan to help him buy this one to 53 the broken one. They just wanted to give me a (n) 54 .Logan nodded and smiled. When I 55 the key on the bottom of the globe, the quiet room was full of elegant music. Isaiah said, “Mum, do you remember how I by accident 56 your snow globe? It broke on the ground 57 the music was still going on. I was so, so sad.”His face turned a little 58 . But the truth was that I did not quite 59 the broken snow globe after a long time. But Isaiah had been sorry for his 60 all the time. I was sure I would keep this snow globe in my mind forever.41. A. arranged B. left C. cleaned D. returned42. A. filled B. loaded C. provided D. covered43. A. decided B. apologized C. begged D. explained44. A. question B. advice C. choice D. time45. A. dull B. sad C. sleepy D. bright46. A. card B. gift C. cake D. tree47. A. searched B. cleaned C. laid D. prepared48. A. second-hand B. worn-out C. broken D. new49. A. globe B. bag C. piano D. chance50. A. compete against B. put up with C. seek for D. make up for51. A. hands B. neck C. knees D. waist52. A. why B. where C. how D. who53. A. replace B. decorate C. repair D. improve54. A. surprise B. honor C. wonder D. apology55. A. found B. fetched C. turned D. changed56. A. dropped B. escaped C. lost D. noticed57. A. otherwise B. or C. but D. so58. A. happy B. red C. moved D. familiar59. A. value B. remember C. accept D. remind60. A. weakness B. seriousness C. carelessness D. loneliness第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A rainforest is an area 61 (cover) by tall trees with the total high rainfall spreading quite equally through the year. Rainforests have a great effect 62 the world environment because they can take in heat from the sun and adjust the climate. Without the forest cover, these areas would reflect 63 (much) heat into the atmosphere, warming the rest of the world. Losing the rainforests may also influence wind and rainfall patterns, potentially 64 (cause) certain natural disasters all over the world. In the past hundred years, 65 (human) have begun destroying rainforests in search of the three major resources: land for crops, wood for paper and other products, land for raising farm animals, 66 affects the environment as a whole. For example, a lot of carbon dioxide in the air comes from burning the rainforests. People 67 (obvious) have a need for the resources from cutting trees 68 we will suffer much more than we will benefit. Rainforests are often called the worlds drug store. More than 25% of the medicines we use today come from plants in rainforests. However, fewer than 1% of rainforest plants have been examined for their 69 (medicine) value. It is extremely likely that our best chance to cure diseases 70 (lie) somewhere in the worlds shrinking rainforests.第四部分：写作（共两节，满分35分）第一节 单词拼写（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 根据提示，写出单词的正确形式。71. Parents are always c_(关心)much about their children.72. He thought I had known the fact. But a_ (实际上), I knew n