计量学基础课程课件1

主讲人:邓华夏,计量学基础,计量学基础,计量学:Metrology计量学基础:FundamentalofMetrology课程:30%平时成绩,70%考试成绩,AnIntroductiontoMetrology,BasicConceptsofMetrology,AQuickstartofMetrology,去年卷面成绩,总成绩,学科内容,计量学,Metrology(fromAncientGreekmetron(measure)andlogos(studyof)isthescienceofmeasurement.Metrologyincludesalltheoreticalandpracticalaspectsofmeasurement.Measurementistheassignmentofnumberstoobjectsorevents.测量:以确定量值为目的的一组操作。,计量学：关于测量的科学,科学技术,本质上就是计量,MetrologyCoversThreeMainTasks:ThedefinitionofinternationallyacceptedunitsofmeasurementTherealizationofunitsofmeasurementbyscientificmethodEstablishmentoftraceabilitychainindocumentingtheaccuracyofameasurement“Metrologyisessentialinscientificresearch”,FromMeasurementtoMetrology,计量学分类,Scientificorfundamentalmetrology:concernstheestablishmentofquantitysystems,unitsystems,unitsofmeasurement,thedevelopmentofnewmeasurementmethods,realizationofmeasurementstandardsandthetransferoftraceabilityfromthesestandardstousersinsociety.Appliedorindustrialmetrologyconcernstheapplicationofmeasurementsciencetomanufacturingandotherprocessesandtheiruseinsociety,ensuringthesuitabilityofmeasurementinstruments,theircalibrationandqualitycontrolofmeasurements.Legalmetrologyconcernsregulatoryrequirementsofmeasurementsandmeasuringinstrumentsfortheprotectionofhealth,publicsafety,theenvironment,enablingtaxation,protectionofconsumersandfairtrade.F,计量分类,法制计量legalmetrology：官方授权强制管理的计量。,科技计量scientificmetrology,工业计量industrialmetrology,对下列内容的法定要求：计量单位、测量方法、测量设备和测量实验室,企业内部的计量：源于需求，满足需求,即真正意义的计量学，涉及十大类量的计量。几何、光学、电离辐射、力学、声学、热工、化学、电磁、无线电、时间频率,管理,需求,基础,科技计量学or科学计量学,Scientificorfundamentalmetrology:concernstheestablishmentofquantitysystems,unitsystems,unitsofmeasurement,thedevelopmentofnewmeasurementmethods,realizationofmeasurementstandardsandthetransferoftraceabilityfromthesestandardstousersinsociety.,Traceability,definedasthepropertyoftheresultofameasurementorthevalueofastandardwherebyitcanberelatedtostatedreferences,usuallynationalorinternationalstandards,throughanunbrokenchainofcomparisons,allhavingstateduncertainties.“,溯源性是指任何一个测量结果或计量标准的值，都能通过一条具有规定不确定度的连续比较链，与计量基准联系起来。这种特性使所有的同种量值，都可以按这条比较链通过校准向测量的源头追溯，也就是溯源到同一个计量基准(国家基准或国际基准)，从而使准确性和一致性得到技术保证。,工业计量学or工程计量学,Appliedorindustrialmetrologyconcernstheapplicationofmeasurementsciencetomanufacturingandotherprocessesandtheiruseinsociety,ensuringthesuitabilityofmeasurementinstruments,theircalibrationandqualitycontrolofmeasurements.,Calibration:establishingtherelationbetweentheindicationofameasuringinstrumentandthevalueofameasurementstandard.Thesestandardsareusuallycoordinatedbynationallaboratories:NationalInstituteofStandardsandTechnology(USA),NationalPhysicalLaboratory,UK,etc.,标定包含两方面的意思：一是使用标准的计量仪器对所使用仪器的准确度（精度）进行检测是否符合标准，一般大多用于精密度较高的仪器。二是有校准的意思。From百度百科,ACCREDITEDLABORATORY,IMPLEMENTATIONOFISO17025MANAGEMENTREQUIREMENTSTECHNICALREQUIREMENTSTRACEABILITYMAINTENANCEOFENVIRONMENTALCONDITIONSTRAINEDSTAFF(CertifiedMetrologyEngineer),Reference:NihalGunasekara,SriLanka,CONCEPTSOFMETROLOGYANDIMPORTANCEOFCALIBRATION,CategoriesofMetrology,ENVIRONMENTALCONDITIONS,TEMPERATURE,HUMIDITY,AIRVELOCITY,FREEOFVIBRATION,ILLUMINANCE,Reference:NihalGunasekara,SriLanka,CONCEPTSOFMETROLOGYANDIMPORTANCEOFCALIBRATION,CategoriesofMetrology,ENVIRONMENTALCONDITIONS:TEMPERATURE:230.50C,HUMIDITY:5010%,Reference:NihalGunasekara,SriLanka,CONCEPTSOFMETROLOGYANDIMPORTANCEOFCALIBRATION,CategoriesofMetrology,法制计量学,Legalmetrologyconcernsregulatoryrequirementsofmeasurementsandmeasuringinstrumentsfortheprotectionofhealth,publicsafety,theenvironment,enablingtaxation,protectionofconsumersandfairtrade.,法制计量是与法定计量机构工作有关的计量，涉及对计量单位、计量器具、测量方法及测量实验室的法定要求。法制计量由政府或授权机构根据法制、技术和行政的需要进行强制管理，其目的是用法规或合同方式来规定并保证与贸易结算、安全防护、医疗卫生、环境监测、资源控制、社会管理等有关的测量工作的公正性和可靠性，因为它们涉及到公众利益和国家可持续发展战略。,注册计量师是一个趋势,注册计量师是指从事计量检定、校准、检验、测试等计量技术工作，并经考试取得相应级别注册计量师资格证书，依法注册后，从事规定范围计量技术工作的专业技术人员。注册计量师的英文是CertifiedMetrologyEngineer，那么简写就是CME。,Standardisimportantforqualitycontrol,whichdirectlyrelatedtointerchangeabilityandassemblylines.,CategoriesofMetrology,Categ