系统解剖 英文版 神经系统 脊髓Spinal cord.ppt

NervousSystem神经系统,Organizations,中枢神经系统Centralnervoussystem(CNS)脑Brain脊髓Spinalcord周围神经系统Peripheralnervoussystem(PNS)脑神经Cranialn.(12pairs)脊神经Spinaln.(31pairs)内脏神经Visceralnerves,MajorDivisionsoftheCentralNervousSystem,Brain脑Telencephalon端脑Diencephalon间脑Cerebellum小脑Midbrain中脑Pons脑桥Medullaoblongata延髓Spinalcord脊髓,Brainstem脑干,MajorDivisionsofthePeripheralNervousSystem,脑神经Cranialnerves(12pairs)脊神经Spinalnerves(31pairs)内脏神经VisceralnervesVisceralsensorynerveVisceralmotornerveSympatheticpart交感神经Parasympatheticpart副交感神经,CellularOrganization,Neuron神经元Cellbody胞体Axon轴突Dendrites树突Neuroglia神经胶质glialcell胶质细胞,ClassificationofNeuron,Structuralclassification双极神经元Bipolarneuronhasanaxonandadendrite假单极神经元Pseudounipolarneuronhasacentralbranchandaperipheralbranch多极神经元Multipolarneuronhasanaxonandtwoormoredendrites,ClassificationofNeurons,Functionalclassification感觉神经元Sensory(afferent)neuron运动神经元Motor(efferent)neuron联络神经元Associationneuron,Reflex反射:areactionoftheorganismbythenervoussysteminresponsetoastimulusReflexarc反射弧:has5basiccomponentsReceptorSensoryneuronsCNSMotorneuronsEffector,ReflexandReflexArc,深反射（腱反射）-膝跳反射,BasicTerminologyinNervousSystem,IntheCNSGraymatter灰质:collectionofnervecellbodiesandtheirdendrites,graycolorduringfreshconditionCortex皮质:theoutermostlayerofgraymatterincerebrumandcerebellumNucleus神经核:acollection(group)ofcellbodieswhichhavethesameshapeandfunction,BasicTerminologyinNervousSystem,IntheCNSWhitematter白质:collectionofnervefibers,whitecolorduringfreshconditionMedulla髓质:acentralcoreofwhitematterbeneaththecortexofcerebrumandcerebellumFasciculus(tract)纤维束:abundleofnervefiberswhichhavethesameorigin,termination,pathwayandfunction,BasicTerminologyinNervousSystem,Reticularformation网状结构:anadmixtureofcross-crossingfiberswithlargerorsmallergroupsofnervecellsoccupyingthemeshes,BasicTerminologyinNervousSystem,InthePNSGanglion神经节:acollectionofneuronalcellbodiesoutsidetheCNS.eg.Spinalganglion/gangliaNerve神经:abundleofnervefibersheldtogetherbyconnectivetissuesheath.eg.Spinalnerve,SpinalCord脊髓,ZhaoxiDingDepartmentofHumanAnatomyMedicalSchool,ShandongUniversitydingzhaoxi,Position：Liesintheupper2/3ofthevertebralcanalContinuousabovewithmedullaoblongataatlevelofforamenmagnumEndsbelowatthelowerborderofL1inadultoratlevelofL3atbirthAbout4045cminlengthWeightsabout30g.,PositionofSpinalCord,AlongcylindricalstructureandslightlyflattenedanteroposteriorlyTwoenlargementsCervicalenlargement颈膨大correspondstotheC4-T1segmentssendsfiberstosupplytheupperlimbsLumbosacralenlargement腰骶膨大correspondstotheL2-S3segmentssendsfiberstosupplythelowerlimbs,ExternalFeaturesofSpinalCord,脊髓圆锥Conusmedullaris-thelowerpyramidendofspinalcord终丝Filumterminale-adelicatefilament,about20cminlength,prolongeddownwardfromtheapexoftheconusmedullaristothebackofthefirstsegmentofthecoccyx,continuousabovewiththatofthepiamater.马尾Caudaequina-collectionofrootsandrootletsofspinaln.(fromL2-5,S1-5,Co1)aroundthefilumterminalebelowtheconusmedullaris.Thesefibersgraduallydeclininginnumberfurtherdownasindividualpairsleavethespinalcolumn.,Lumbarpuncture(spinaltap)腰穿,ExternalFeaturesofSpinalCord,FissureandsulciAnteriormedianfissure前正中裂Posteriormediansulcus后正中沟Anterolateralsulcus前外侧沟anterior(motor)rootsemergeseriallyPosterolateralsulcus后外侧沟posterior(sensory)rootsenterspinalcord,eachbearaspinalganglionwhichconstitutesthefirstcell-stationofthesensorynervesPosteriorintermediatesulcus后中间沟,SegmentsofSpinalCord,Aportionofthespinalcordthatgivesrisetoapairofspinalnerveconstitutesasegment.Thereare31segments8cervical12thoracic5lumbar5sacral1coccygealRelationshipofspinalCordSegmentstoVertebralNumbers,RelationshipofspinalCordSegmentstoVertebralNumbers,RelationshipofspinalCordSegmentstoVertebralNumbers,InternalStructureofSpinalCord,Graymatter灰质Whitematter白质Centralcanal中央管Reticularformation网状结构,GrayMatterofSpinalCord,Anteriorhorn(column)前角(柱)Posteriorhorn(column)后角(柱)Intermediatezone中间带Lateralhorn(column)侧角(柱)onlypresentinthethoracicandupperlumbersegmentsofthespinalcord(T1-L3)graycommissures灰质连合Anteriorgraycommissures灰质前连合Posteriorgraycommissures灰质后连合,GrayMatterofSpinalCord,Posteriorhorn(column):Marginallayer缘层(posteromarginalnucleus后角边缘核)Substantiagelatinosa胶状质SituatedattheapexofposteriorhornthroughoutthelengthofspinalcordConcernsthesensationsofpainandtemperatureNucleusproprius后角固有核,SituatedanteriortothesubstantiagelationnosathroughoutthelengthofspinalcordReceivesfibersthatareassociatedwiththesuperficialsensesNucleusthoracicus胸核SituatedatthebaseofposteriorhornandextendingfromsegmentsC8L3Associatedwiththedeepsenses(proprioceptiveendings),GrayMatterofSpinalCord,IntermediatezoneIntermediaolateralnucleus中间外侧核(lateralhorn)ExtentsfromsegmentsT1L3,ContainingsympatheticpreganglionicneuronsSacralparasympatheticnucleus骶副交感核ExtentsfromsegmentsS2S4,ContainingparasympatheticpreganglionicneuronsIntermediomedialnucleus中间内侧核ThroughoutthelengthofspinalcordAssociatedwithvisceraafferentinformation,Anteriorhorn(column):TwogroupsofnucleiMedialnucleargroup内侧核群:presentinmostsegmentsofspinalcord,innervatingaxialmusclesLateralnucleargroup外侧核群:presentonlyincervicalandlumbosacralenlargements,innervatingupperandlowerlimbmuscles,GrayMatterofSpinalCord,Anteriorhorn(column):Twokindsofmotorneurons-motorneuron:largemultipolarneuron,innervatesskeletalmuscles,producingcontractionofmuscles-motorneuron:smallermultipolarneuron,innervatesintrafusalmusclefibersofneuromuscularspindles,regulatingmusculartonusInterneuronRenshawscell:negativefeedbackmechanism,Rexedslamina板层,Posteriorhornisformedbylaminato；Intermediatezonecorrespondingtolamina；Anteriorhorniscomposedlaminaeand；laminaisthegraymattersurroundingthecentralcanal.,ImportantSubdivisionsofGrayMatter,WhiteMatterofSpinalCord,Whitematter白质containsthreekindsoffibers:AscendingfibersDescendingfibersFasciculusproprius固有束,WhiteMatterofSpinalCord,Anteriorfuniculus前索,Lateralfuniculus外侧索,Posteriorfuniculus后索,Anteriorwhitecommissure白质前连合,AscendingTracts,Fasciculuscuneatus楔束,Posteriorspinocerebellartr.脊髓小脑后束,Anteriorspinocerebellartr.脊髓小脑前束,Spinothalamictract脊髓丘脑束,Fasciculusgracilis薄束,Fasciculusgracilis薄束LocatedinthewholeposteriorfuniculusbelowT4andonlyinthemedialpartaboveT4ArisefromthespinalgangliabelowsegmentT4(centralprocessofspinalganglia)TerminateinGracilenucleusinmedullaoblongataConveyproprioceptiveandfinetouchsensationfromlowerpartoftrunkandlowerlimbonthesameside,Spinalganglion1neuron,Gracilenuclei2neuron,T4,FG,FG,FasciculusCuneatus楔束LocatedinthelateralpartofposteriorfuniculusaboveT4ArisefromthespinalgangliaabovesegmentT4(centralprocessofspinalganglia)TerminateincuneatenucleusinmedullaoblongataConveyconsciousproprioceptiveandfinetouchsensationfromupperpartoftrunkandupperlimbonthesameside,Spinalganglion1neuron,cuneatenuclei2neuron,T4,FC,FG,Lowerlimb,upperlimb,Fasciculusgracilis,Fasciculuscuneatus,Cortexofcerebrum,diencephalon,Medialleminecus,GracileandcuneateNu.,ClinicalnoteLossofproprioceptivesensationonthesamesideLossoffinetouchsensationonthesamesideSensorydystaxia(Incoordination)感觉性共济失调,Spinothalamictract脊髓丘脑束LocatedintheLateralandanteriorfuniculusArisefromtheneuronsincontralaterallaminaeI,IVVIIabout1-2segmentbelowTerminateinDorsalthalamusConveypain,temperatureandsimpletouchsensationoftrunkandlimbs,Spinalganglia1neuron,Lamina,2neuron,VPL3neurons,AST,LST,ClinicalnoteAnalgesiaandthermo-anesthesiaontheoppositesideofthebody(bellowthedamagedsegment),Spinocerebellartracts脊髓小脑束LocatedinthesuperficialpartoflateralandanteriorfuniculiConveyunconsciousproprioceptionfromlowerlimbandlowerportionoftrunkonthesamesidetothecerebellumContain:Posteriorspinocerebellartract脊髓小脑后束Anteriorspinocerebellartract脊髓小脑前束,Posteriorspinocerebellartract脊髓小脑后束LocatedintheposteriorandsuperficialpartoflateralfuniculusaboveL3ArisefromthenucleusthoracicusonhomolateralsideTerminateinsuperiorandinferiorvermisofcerebellumConveyunconsciousproprioceptionfromlowerlimbandlowerportionoftrunkonthesameside,Spinalganglion1neuron,NucleusThoracicus2neuron,Anteriorspinocerebellartract脊髓小脑前束LocatedanteriortotheposteriorspinocerebellartractinthesuperficialpartoflateralfuniculusArisemainlyfromtheneuronsincontralaterallaminaTerminateinsuperiorvermisofcerebellumConveyunconsciousproprioceptionfromlowerlimbandlowerportionoftrunkontheoppositeside,Spinalganglion1neuron,Lamina-2neuron,Ascendingtracts,上行传导束,DescendingTracts,Lateralcorticospinaltract皮质脊髓侧束,Anteriorcorticospinaltract皮质脊髓前束,Rubrospinaltract红核脊髓束,Vestibulospinaltract前庭脊髓束,Reticulospinaltract网状脊髓束,Mediallongitudinalfasciculus内侧纵束,Tectospinaltract顶盖脊髓束,Corticospinaltracts皮质脊髓束ArisefromthepyramidalneuronsincerebralcortexLateralcorticospinaltract皮质脊髓侧束Anteriorcorticospinaltract皮质脊髓前束AnterolateraltractofBarne,Lateralcorticospinaltract皮质脊髓侧束LocatedindeeppartoflateralfuniculusArisefromthepyramidalneuronsincontralateralcerebralcortexthroughthedecussationofpyramidtractFibresarrangementsuperficialtoprofoundS,L,T,CTerminateinLaminaeofanteriorhorn,C(55%),T(20%),LS(25%)ConveymotorsignaltocontrolVoluntarymovement(musclesofthelimbs)Clinicalnotesdisabilityofvoluntarymovement(paralysis),anteriorcorticospinaltract皮质脊髓前束LocatedinmedialpartofanteriorfuniculusArisefromthepyramidalneuronsincontralateralcerebralcortexthroughthedecussationofpyramidtractTerminateinLaminaeonbothanteriorhornConveymotorsignaltocontrolvoluntarymovement(musclesofthetrunk),Descendingtracts,下行传导束,Mainfunctionsofspinalcord,Conductionofexcitations传导Reflexactivity反射,Completespinalcordtransection脊髓全横断,Thistransectionresultsincompletelossofallsensibilityandvoluntarymovementbelowthelevelofthelesion.,Hemisectionofthecord脊髓半横断,Ipsilaterallossoftactilediscriminationandofvibratoryandpropr