高一英语必修4_unit4语法

V-ing作状语,arunningman,ThemanrunninginthepictureisLiuXiang.,后置定语,ThemanwhoisrunninginthepictureisLiuXiang.,Practice,Rewritethefollowingsentences.,1.Thebottlewhichcontainedthepoisonwassenttothelaboratory.,Thebottlecontainingthepoisonwassenttothelaboratory.,Thebuildingbeingbuiltnowisournewlibrary.,2.Thebuildingwhichisbeingbuiltnowisournewlibrary.,3.ThemansittingontheplatformisaprofessorfromWuhanUniversity.,ThemanwhoissittingontheplatformisaprofessorfromWuhanUniversity.,Readthesentencesfromthetext.,1.Istoodforaminutewatchingthemandwenttogreetthem.2.Shesteppedbackappearingsurprised3.ThenAkiraNagatafromJapancameinsmiling,togetherwith4.Theyalsoexpresstheirfeelingsusingunspokenlanguagethroughphysicaldistance,V-ing作伴随状语,V-ing作伴随状语,V-ing作伴随状语,V-ing作方式状语,二、V-ing形式作状语,V-ing短语在句子中可作状语，来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、让步或伴随等情况。V-ing短语作状语，在功能上相当于一个完整的状语从句。,Walkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.(=WhenIwaswalkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.),_,theycouldnthelpcrying.=Whentheyheardthebadnews,theycouldnthelpcrying.,Hearingthebadnews,1.V-ing作时间状语,2.V-ing作原因状语Beingsoangry,hecouldntgotosleep.,=Becausehewassoangry,hecouldntgotosleep.,Beingastudent,youshouldstudyhard.=Sinceyouareastudent,youshouldstudyhard.,Ifyouwalkahead,youllseeawhitehouse._,youwillseeawhitehouse.,3.V-ing作条件状语Workingharder,youwillsucceed.=Ifyouworkharder,youwillsucceed.,一直往前走,你就会看到一座白色的房子。,Walkingahead,=Theycameintotheclassroomandtheysangandlaughed.他们又唱又笑地走进教室。,Hesatonthesofa,watchingTV.=Hesatonthesofa,andwatchedTV.,4.V-ing作伴随状语,Theycameintotheclassroom,singingandlaughing.,全国到处在传唱这首歌曲,使它成了一首最受欢迎的歌曲。,Thesongissungalloverthecountry,_.,makingitthemostpopularsong,5.V-ing作结果状语,eg:Unfortunatelyhisfatherdied,leavingthefamilyevenworseoff.,Workingfrommorningtillnight,hisfatherdidntgetenoughfood.=Althoughhisfatherworkedfrommorningtillnight,hedidntgetenoughfood.虽然他父亲从早到晚拼命地干活，但是他还是挣不到足够的吃的。,6.V-ing作让步状语,注意一：V-ing作状语必须具备以下两个条件：,1.使用V-ing形式作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与主句的主语一致；,2.使用V-ing形式作状语时，其逻辑主语与主句主语的关系必须是主动关系。,1.使用V-ing形式作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与主句的主语一致。如：Seeingthepoliceman,thethiefranawayquickly.,seeing的逻辑主语也是thethief,=Whenhesawthepoliceman,thethiefranawayquickly.,_(hear)thegoodnews,theycouldnthelpburstintocheers.,主句主语,Hearing,=Whentheyheardthegoodnews,theycouldnthelpburstintocheers.,2.使用V-ing形式作状语时，其逻辑主语与主句主语的关系必须是主动关系。如：,they与hear构成主动关系,对比练习,_fromthetopofthebuilding,wesawthehouselikeamatchbox._fromthetopofthebuilding,thehouselookslikeamatchbox.,Seeing,Seen,see,Whenworkinginthefactory,hewasanadvancedworker.=Whenheworkedinthefactory,hewasanadvancedworker.,注意二：,有时为了使V-ing形式作状语所表达的时间、条件、让步等意思更加明确，可在V-ing形式前加上适当的连词(when,while,if,though,evenif）,Ifplayingallday,youwillwasteyourvaluabletime.1.Ifyouplayallday,youwillwasteyourvaluabletime.Thoughrainingheavily,itclearedupverysoon.2.Thoughitwasrainingheavily,itclearedupverysoon.,独立主格：waitingforthebus,abirdfellonmyheard我等汽车时，一只鸟落到我头上。_permitting,welldoanothertwoexercises.如果时间允许，我们将做另两个练习。,I,如果V-ing的逻辑主语与主句主语不相同，必须保留V-ing逻辑上的主语，这种语法现象称独立主格结构。,Time,注意三：,V-ing完成式(havingdone)的使用,如果V-ing动作先于主句的的谓语动词而发生的话，必须使用V-ing完成式-havingdonesth.,注意四：,Havingreceivedhisletter,Idecidedtowriteback.=AfterIhadreceivedhisletter,Idecidedtowriteback.收到他的信后，我决定给他回信。,功课做完后，我就回家了。,_,Iwentbackhome.,Havingfinishedmyhomework,Notknowinghisaddress,Icoulddonothingbutstayathomeandwait.,现在分词的否定形式,V-ing形式（短语）的否定形式常在其（）加not/never等。,前面,Nothavingreceivedhisfathersletter,hedecidedtomakeacalltohim.,注意五：,用动词的-ing形式改写下列句子。1.BecauseIstandonthetopofthehill,Ifeelcold._onthetopofthehill,Ifeelcold.2.Becausehehadntreceivedananswer,hedecidedtowriteanotherlettertohim._ananswer,hedecidedtowriteanotherlettertohim.,Standing,Nothavingreceived,Practice:,3.Whenheseesthemountain,healwaysthinksofhishometown._themountain,healwaysthinksofhishometown.4.Becausethestudentsfelthot,theydidntstayintheschool._,thestudentsdidntstayintheschool.5.Hehuntedalltheshopstolookforanicepresentforhismother.Hehuntedalltheshops,_anicepresentforhismother.,lookingfor,Seeing,Feelinghot,Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,_alongspeechforthepresident.(MET91)ToprepareB.preparingC.preparedD.waspreparing2.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,_itthemostpopularsportintheworld.(NMET98)makingB.makesC.madeD.tomake,现在分词表结果状语,现在分词作伴随状语,高考链接,3.“Cantyouread?”Marysaid_tothenotice.(MET93)A.angrilypointingB.andpointangrilyC.angrilypointD.andangrilypointing,现在分词作伴随状语,4._areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.(MET92)A.NotreceivingB.ReceivingnotC.NothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceived5._histelephon