SAP Technical Tips and Tricks for Application Consultants应用顾问的技术指南

TechnicalTipsandTricksforApplicationConsultants,DavidHaslam,PrincipalPlatinumDevelopmentConsultantPeterJones,PrincipalPlatinumApplicationConsultant,Thiscoursewillenableyouto:UsetheABAPWorkbenchdevelopmenttoolsandunderstanditspurposeandfunctionsWriteasimpleprogramsusingtheABAPeditorUsetheDataDictionarytofinddictionaryobjects,analyzevariousdataobjectsinR3,andcreatecustomizedsearchhelpsUnderstandadvancedworkbenchcomponentssuchasfunctionmodules,objects,screensandmenusLaunchtheABAPDebuggeranduseittoviewdataandanalyzeprogramsandtransactions,TechnicalTipsforApplicationConsultants-Goals,Thiscoursewillenableyouto:ExecuteaSQLTraceandinterpretitsoutputDescribethevariouswaysR3canbeenhanced(overandaboveconfiguration)withoutchangingsourcecode,andtolocatetheenhancementpointsandunderstandhowtheyareused.UtilizeotherR3toolssuchastheBDCrecorder,AuthorizationCheck,SAPQueryandQuickViewer.CreateasimpletestprocedureusingeCATT,TechnicalTipsforApplicationConsultants-Goals,contd,1.ABAPWorkbenchDatadictionaryABAPeditorAdvancedworkbenchcomponentsDebuggingPerformanceAnalysisEnhancementsandModificationsAdditionalToolseCATTAppendix,Agenda,NavigatetotheObjectNavigatorCreateapackageExplaintheuseofapackageViewchangerequestsExplainthepurposeoftheObjectNavigatorDescribetheprocessofreleasinganobjectfortransport,Unit1:ObjectNavigator-LearningObjectives,Attheconclusionofthisunit,youwillbeableto:,A,dvanced,dvanced,B,usiness,usiness,P,rogramming,rogramming,A,pplication,pplication,ABAP,RepositoryStructure,Packages,Repositoryobjects,FunctionModules,Programs,Tables,.,FI,HR,SD,MM,WM,Cust.,FunctionBuilder,ScreenPainter,ABAPDictionary,ABAPEditor,ObjectNavigator,MenuPainter,ABAPWorkbenchTools,Debugger,ClassBuilder,FI,HR,MM,SD,MM,WM,Cust.,ScreenStructureintheObjectNavigator,Toolarea,Sizeofdisplayareacanbechanged,Rightmouseclick,Fullscreenon/off,Contextmenu,Navigationarea,NavigationFunctionsintheNavigationArea,Higher-levelobjectlist,DictionaryobjectsProgramsSAPBC400WBD_GETTING_STASAPBC400WBT_GETTING_STAFunctiongroupsBC400ClassesCL_BC400,BC400,PackageBC400,Navigationarea,ApplicationhierarchyPackageProgramFunctiongroupClassInternetservicesLocalobjects,Usethesesymbolstonavigatehistoryofthenavigationarea,FavoritesAddEditPrograms,Refreshobjectlist,Double-clickingaRepositoryobjectwithitsownobjectlistopensthisobjectlist,Toolarea,NavigationintheToolArea,Navigationstack,Functionsofthecurrenttool,Previousobjectinnavigationhistory,Nextobjectinnavigationhistory,Closenavigationhistorywindow,Displaythenavigationhistorywindow,DisplayChange,Displayobjectlist,Double-clickanobjectoropenitscontextmenutodisplayordisplayorchangeitinthetoolarea,SynchronizingtheNavigationAreaandtheToolArea,ChangeRequest,Developmentsystem,Productionsystem,TransportingRepositoryObjects,FI,HR,MM,SD,MM,WM,Cust.,FI,HR,MM,SD,MM,WM,Cust.,CompletingtheDevelopmentProcess,Team:,ProjectManager:,CARSON,CARSON,BC400-00,BC400-01,BC400-02,BC400-03,.,EndofDevelopment,Schedule:,Monday,Friday,Taskisreleased,Requestisreleased,Lockingobjectsagainstoutsideaccess,WorkbenchOrganizer:Requests,ProjectRepresentationintheWorkbenchOrganizer,Team:,ProjectManager:,CARSON,CARSON,BC400-00,BC400-01,BC400-02,BC400-03,.,ProjectManager,Requestnumber,ChangerequestsinvolvinguserBC400-00ChangeableTransportableIT3K900051CARSONIT3K900052CARSONIT3K900053BC400-00ReportsourceZBC400_00_FLIGHTLISTABAPprogram,IT3K900054BC400-01IT3K900055BC400-02IT3K900056BC400-03IT3K900057,RepositoryobjectschangedorcreatedRepositoryobjects,Teammembernumber(assignedbythesystem)TASK,CreatingPackages,PackageShortDescriptionAppl.ComponentSoftwareComponentMainPackage,CreatePackage,Notecustomernamespace!,ZBC400_00,CA,Whichapplicationcomponentpackage,HOME,Exercisesgroup00,AllocationtoaChangeRequest,Reportsource,WorkbenchOrganizer:TransportableRequests,ZBC400_00_GETTING_STARTED,Transportablechangerequest,ExercisesforparticipantsonCourseBC400asofMay8,2000,IT3K900051,Request,Myrequests,WorkbenchOrganizer:TransportableRequests,ChangerequestsinvolvinguserBC400-00ChangeableTransportableIT3K900051CARSONIT3K900052CARSONIT3K900053BC400-00IT3K900054BC400-01,Double-clickontherequestnumber,NavigatetotheObjectNavigatorCreateapackageExplaintheuseofapackageViewchangerequestsExplainthepurposeoftheObjectNavigatorDescribetheprocessofreleasinganobjectfortransport,Unit1:ObjectNavigator-Summary,Youarenowableto:,ABAPWorkbenchDatadictionaryABAPeditorAdvancedworkbenchcomponentsDebuggingPerformanceAnalysisEnhancementsandModificationsAdditionalToolseCATTAppendix,Agenda,DescribetherelationshipbetweenABAPprogramsandtheABAPDictionaryCreatedataelementsanddomainsCreatetransparenttables,structuresandviewsIdentifyandcustomizesearchhelpsFindinformationonobjectsintheABAPDictionary,Attheconclusionofthisunityouwillbeableto:,Unit2:DataDictionaryLearningObjectives,IntroductiontoABAPLanguageObjects,TheABAPlanguageistypedenablesmulti-languagesapplicationsfullyintegratesanSQLstandardnowincludesobject-orientedlanguageattributesisplatform-independentisupward-compatible,ABAPLanguageSyntax,DATAwa_scarrTYPEscarr.START-OF-SELECTION.SELECT*FROMscarrINTOCORRESPONDINGFIELDSOFwa_scarr.NEW-LINE.WRITEwa_scarr-carrid.WRITEwa_scarr-carrname.WRITEwa_scarr-url.ENDSELECT.,ABAPLanguageSyntax(continued),*comments*commentsDATAwa_scarrTYPEscarr.START-OF-SELECTION.SELECT*FROMscarrcommentsINTOCORRESPONDINGFIELDSOFwa_scarr.NEW-LINE.WRITE:wa_scarr-carrid,wa_scarr-carrname,wa_scarr-url.ENDSELECT.,ABAPLanguageSyntax(continued),*comments*commentsDATAwa_scarrTYPEscarr.START-OF-SELECTION.SELECT*FROMscarrcommentsINTOCORRESPONDINGFIELDSOFwa_scarr.NEW-LINE.WRITE:wa_scarr-carrid,wa_scarr-carrname,wa_scarr-url.ENDSELECT.,ABAPLanguageSyntax(continued),PARAMETERSpa_carrTYPEscarr-carrid.DATAwa_scarrTYPEscarr.START-OF-SELECTION.SELECTSINGLE*FROMscarrINTOCORRESPONDINGFIELDSOFwa_scarrWHEREcarrid=pa_carr.IFsy-subrcEQ0.NEW-LINE.WRITE:wa_scarr-carrid,wa_scarr-carrname,wa_scarr-url.ELSE.WRITESorry,nodatafound!.ENDIF.,Exercise1,CreateapackagePackagename:ZTAT_#CreateapackageZTAT_#andassignittothechangerequestprovided.Assignallyourrepositoryobjectsinthefollowingexercisestothispackageandthischangerequest.,Exercise2,CreateaprogramCreatetheexecutableprogramZTAT_#_LISTwithoutaTOPincludeEdittheprogramZTAT_#_LISTDefineaworkareaforSFLIGHTDefinealoopaccesstoalldatarecordsintotheworkareaforthetableSFLIGHTForeachrecorddisplaythecontentsofthefieldsCARRID,CONNID,FLDATE,SEATSOCC,SEATSMAXonanewline.Checkyourprogramforsyntaxerrors,testit,andactivateit.,Exercise3,CreateatransactioncodeCreatethetransactioncodeZTAT_#fortheprogramZTAT_#_LIST(reporttransaction)AddtofavoritesIncludethetransactioncodeZTAT_#inyourSAPEasyAccessmenuExecuteyourprogrambydouble-clickingthenewfavoriteentry.,ElementaryDataTypes,DatatypesdescribesInputorOutputfieldsDataobjectsInterfacesSubroutinesFunctionmodulesMethodsDatatypescanbedefinedGloballyinthedatadictionaryLocallyinanABAPprogram,TYPESpa_carrTYPEscarr-carrid.DATAwa_scarrTYPEscarr.START-OF-SELECTION.SELECTSINGLE*FROMscarrINTOCORRESPONDINGFIELDSOFwa_scarrWHEREcarrid=pa_carr.IFsy-subrcEQ0.NEW-LINE.WRITE:wa_scarr-carrid,wa_scarr-carrname,wa_scarr-url.ELSE.WRITESorry,nodatafound!.ENDIF.,DataTypesandObjects,PredefinedABAPtypes:dtpInstringcxstringx,Globaltypes,DataOperations,TYPESpa_carrTYPEscarr-carrid.DATA:wa_scarrTYPEscarr,lv_countTYPEi.CLEARwa_scarr.MOVEpa_carrtowa_scarr-carrid.COMPUTElv_count=500+123.,ConditionalBranching,CASEdata_object_1.WHENdata_object_2.WHENdata_object_3ordata_object_4.WHENOTHERS.ENDCASE.,IF.ELSEIF.ELSE.ENDIF.,Statements,Statements,Statements,Statements,Statements,Statements,Loops,DOnTIMESENDDO.WHILE.ENDWHILE.,LOOPAT.ENDLOOP.SELECTENDSELECT.,Statements,Statements,Statements,Statements,Messages,Typesofmessages:SSuccessProgramcontinueswithoutinterruptionIInformationalProgramcontinuesafterinterruptionWWarningContextdependentEErrorContextdependentATerminationProgramabortedXShortDumpRuntimeerroristriggered,MESSAGEtnnn(message_class)WITHv1v2v3v4.,StartingtheDebugger,Thereareseveralwaysofstartingthedebugger:Inthenavigationarea,choosethepathExecute-Debuggingfortheselectedprogram.Intheeditingarea,selectthedesiredprogramlineandchooseSet/DeleteBreakpoint.Afterwards,starttheprogrambychoosing(Execute)DirectProcessingorF8.ChooseSystem-Utilities-DebuggingABAPorScreen.Enter/hinthecommandfieldinthestandardtoolbarandpressEnter.Ashortcut(Debug.SAP)containing:,FUNCTIONCommand=/hTitle=DebuggerType=SystemCommand,UsingtheDebugger,TherearecurrentlytwoversionsoftheDebugger(ClassicandNew)CurrentlytheClassicversionisthedefaultonreleasespriorto7.1Startingin7.1theNewversionisthedefaultItispossibletoswitchbetweenversionsThenewversionexecutesinaseparatesessionReasonsforthenewversion:NotallABAPcodecanbedebugged(noRPERFs:Conversion/Fieldexit)Notfreeofsideeffects(F1,F4help,listoutput)Implementationofnewfeaturesnotalwaysstraight-forwardNochancetousemodernUItechniques(noABAPallowedinthedebugger!,Exercise4,CreateaprogramCreatetheexecutableprogramZTAT_#_COMPUTE.DesigntheselectionscreenDefinetheinputparametersfortwointegersandanarithmeticoperator(usePARAMETERS).ExecutecalculationsandsetupthelistoutputAdditionally,defineanelementarydataobjectfortheresult(usetypePackedwithtwodecimalplaces.Executethecalculationinconnectionwiththespecifiedarithmeticoperator(useCASE).Displaytheresultinalist.CatcherrorsDisplayanerrormessageonthelistiftheuserhasspecifiedaninvalidarithmeticoperator(useIF).Displayanerrormessageonthelistiftheusertriestodividebyzero.,IntroductiontoStructures,ABAPObjectsallowyoutodefinestructureddataobjects(structures)AllowyoutogrouporcombinevaluesthatbelongtogetherlogicallyStructurescanbenestedTwowaystodefinestructuresDATAstatementTABLESstatement(nowconsideredobsolete)Thisrequirestheglobalstructurebe“flat”(allcomponentsareanelementarytype)From4.0TABLESstructuresonlyserveasinterfacesforscreenfields,IntroductiontoStructures(continued),Componentsofastructurearealwaysaddressedusingahypen“-”,DATA:wa_scarrtypescarr.wa_scarr-carrid=LH.SELECTSINGLE*FROMSCARRINTOwa_scarrWHEREcarrid=wa_scarr-carrid.WRITE:/wa_scarr-carrid,wa_scarr-carrname,wa_scarr-url.,IntroductiontoStructures(continued),ThestatementMOVE-CORRESPONDINGcopiesthesourcestructuretothetargetstructure,componentbycomponent.ThevalueassignmentonlyworksifthecomponentshaveidenticalnamesAllothercomponentsremainunchanged,DATA:wa_sflighttypesflight,wa_focctypesbc400focc.MOVE-CORRESPONDINGwa_sflighttowa_focc.,ABAPDictionary,Readtypedefinitions,Readsstructureofdatabaseobjects,Runtimeenvironment,Developmentenvironment,ABAPInterpreter,ScreenInterpreter,ABAPtools,ScreenPainter,Databaseinterface,LinkingtotheDevelopmentandRuntimeEnvironment,BasicObjectsoftheABAPDictionary,uses,uses,Table,Tablefield,Dataelement,Domain,TableSPFLI,MANDT,DataelementS_FROMAIRP,DataelementS_TOAIRP,DomainS_AIRPID,CARRID,.,AIRPFROM,CONNID,.,AIRPTO,Two-LevelDomainConcept:Example,TransparentTablesandStructures,Table,Field1,Field2,Field3,Field4,Structure,Field1,Field2,Field3,Field4,ABAPDictionary,Physicaldefinitionofthetable,Table,Field1,Field2,Field3,Field4,Database,IncludeStructures,Table2,Table1,Field1Field2,FieldAFieldB,Field4,Field3,FieldAFieldB,FieldAFieldB,Database,Field1Field2,FieldAFieldB,FieldAFieldB,Field3,Field4,Includestructure,AttributesofanInternalTable,CARRID,CONNID,DISTANCE,Rowtype,Keydefinition,Accesstype,AA,0017,2,572,1,LH,0400,6,162,2,LH,0400,7,273,3,QF,0005,10,000,4,SQ,0866,1,625,5,UA,0007,2,572,6,RowIndex,ComponentsSequenceUnique/non-uniquekey,Indexaccess,5,Keyaccess,UA0007,AttributesofanInternalTable,Hashedtable,TableKind,Mainlyindex,Indexaccess,Non-unique,Unique/Non-unique,n,Indexedtables,STANDARDTABLE,SORTEDTABLE,HASHEDTABLE,Keyaccess,Unique/Non-unique,Unique,Accessusing,Mainlykeys,Keysonly,n,DefiningInternalTables,TYPEStt_flightinfoTYPESTANDARDTABLEOFdemo_foccWITHNON-UNIQUEKEYcarridconnidfldate.DATAitab_flightinfoTYPEtt_flightinfo.,TYPES:BEGINOFlt_flightinfo,carridTYPEs_carr_id,ENDOFlt_flightinfo,lt_flightinfoTYPESTANDARDTABLEOFlt_flightinfo.DATAitab_flightinfoTYPEtt_flightinfo.,SingleRecordAccesses,xxxx,DELETEitab.,INSERTwaINTOTABLEitab.,READTABLEitabINTOwa.,Append,Insert,Read,Modify,Delete,MODIFYTABLEitabFROMwa.,APPENDwaTOitab.,ProcessingSetsofRecords,APPENDLINESofitab2TOitab1.,Appendingseveralrowsfromanotherinternaltable,INSERTLINESofitab2INTOTABLEitab1.,Insertingseveralrowsfromanotherinternaltable,Loop:Forallsinglerecordoperations,xxxx,DELETEitab.,Delete,LOOPATitabINTOwa.ENDLOOP.,xxxx,Overview:DatabaseReadAccess,Whichcolumns?,Whichtable(s)?,SELECT,FROM,INTO,WHERE,Whereto?,Whichrows?,Singleline,Multiplelines,Specificcolumn,ReadingbySingleRecordAccess,SELECTSINGLE*FROMscarrINTOwa_scarrWHEREcarrid=pa_car.IFsy-subrc=0.,DatabaseInterface,WA_SCARR,DatabasetableSCARR,SELECTcarridconnidfldateseatsmaxseatsoccFROMsflightINTOwa_flightWHEREcarrid=pa_car.ENDSELECT.,Readingbyseveralrowsusingaloop,DatabaseInterface,WA_FLIGHT,DatabasetableSCARR,Statementsforeveryrecordread,SELECTcarridconnidfldateseatsmaxseatsoccFROMsflightINTOTABLEit_flightWHEREcarrid=pa_car.IFsy-subrc=0.,ReadingbySeveralRowsUsinganArrayFetch,DatabaseInterface,IT_FLIGHT,DatabasetableSCARR,Exercise5,CreateinternaltableCreatetheexecutableprogramZTAT_#_ITAB_LOOPBufferthedatafromthedatabasetableSPFLIinaninternaltable.YoushouldthereforedefineaninternaltablewithalinetypethatiscompatiblewiththelinestructureofSPFLI.IntheABAPDictionary,searchforall(internal)tabletypesthatmatchthiscondition.Defineaninternaltablebasedononeofthefoundglobaltabletypes.Defineasuitableworkareafortheinternaltable.FilltheinternaltableanddisplaycontentsProgramanarrayfetchaccesstoalldatarecordsinthedatabasetableSPFLI.Displaythebuffereddatainalist(useLOOP).,Exercise6,ReadingseveralrowsusingaloopCopyyourexecutableprogramZTAT_#_LISTtothenewnameZTAT_#_SELECT_SFLIGHT.Changetheworkareatype.NowusetheglobalstructureDEMO_FOCC.Defineaninputparameterfortheairlineabbreviation.SelecttheflightdepartmenttimesfromthedatabasetableSFLIGHTthatbelongstotheselectedairline.Selectonlythosefieldsthathaveatargetfieldintheworkarea.WhatisthefirstkeyfieldinthetransparenttableSFLIGHT?WhatisthefirstkeyfieldinyourWHEREclause?Doesthedatabaseinterface(still)usetheprimaryindex?CalculatingthepercentageWithintheLOOPstatement,calculatethepercentageoccupancyforeachflight.AssigntheresulttothePERCENTAGEfieldinyourworkarea.Extendyourlistoutputtoincludethepercentageoccupancy.,SearchHelps,InputhelpintheR/3SystemABAPDictionaryobjectsearchhelpSelectionmethodofasearchhelpDialogbehaviorofasearchhelpInterfaceofasearchhelpAttachingsearchhelpstofieldsCollectivesearchhelpsandelementarysearchhelpsAppendsearchhelps,Carrier,Flightnumber,.,Maintenanceofflights,LH,No.,Depart.city,Arrivalcity,Carrier,0400,Frankfurt,NewYork,0402,Frankfurt,NewYork,LH,2402,Frankfurt,Berlin,.,.,.,F4,R/3StandardFunction:InputHelp,No.,Depart.city,Arrivalcity,Carrier,0400,Frankfurt,NewYork,0402,Frankfurt,NewYork,LH,Carrier,Flightnumber,.,0*,LH,Importandexport,Export,F4,F4,InterfaceofaSearchHelp,SPFLI,SELECT*FROMSPFLIWHERECARRID=LH.,Carrier,Flightnumber,.,Maintenanceofflights,LH,SelectionMethodofaSearchHelp,Table/structure,MANDT,Field1,Field3,Searchfield,.,Searchhelp,Checktable,MANDT,Key1,Key2,Datapart,Internalbehavior,Interface,Dataelement,SearchHelpAttachmentintheABAPDictionary,doesnotexist,exists,PROCESSONVALUE-REQUEST,Inputhelpfromscreen,Checkoftheflowlogic,FIELDSELECT,FIELDVALUES,Searchhelpforscreenfield,Searchhelpforfield,Searchhelpfordataelement,Searchhelpforchecktable,Fixedvalues,Timeorcalendarhelp,Checktablewithtexttable,Keyvaluesofchecktable,Checktablehelp,redirected,Overview:MechanismsfortheInputHelp,Carrier,Flightnumber,.,Maintenanceofflights,LH,F4,PerformanceoftheInputHelp,CollectiveSearchHelpsandElementarySearchHelps,Includedsearchhelps,Collectivesearchhelp,Internalbehavior,Interface,Interface,Interface,Internalbehavior,Searchhelp,FurtherOptionsforSearchHelps,Defaultvalues,Hotkeys,Hideincludedsearchhelps,Displayfieldsinthedisplayboxforrestrictingvalues,SearchHelpExit,Dateofflight,Carrier,.,MaintenanceofBookings,Flightnumber,Depart.city,Arrivalcity,.,No.,Depart.city,Free,Carrier,0555,Rom,147,0555,Rom,198,Alitalia,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,AZ,Rome,ShowallobjectsoftypeXwith