2002级翻译班口译课课件.ppt

2002级翻译班口译课课件2004年9月-2005年1月四川外语学院英语系教师：李芳琴,主要使用教材：新世纪口译理论技巧与实践，（李芳琴等），四川人民出版社，2002年1月。口译实践材料推荐教材及资料：实用英语口译教程，冯建忠，译林出版社，2002年。CCTV国际频道访谈、主题讨论节目CNN新闻等。,2002级口译课第一学期,教学目的：通过讲授口译基本理论、口译背景知识以及对学生进行口译基本技巧的训练，使学生使学生初步掌握口译程序和基本技巧，初步学会口译记忆方法、口译笔记、口头概述、公众演讲等基本技巧和口译基本策略，培养学生关心时事的信息意识，积累知识，掌握文献检索、资料查询的基本方法；培养学生的话语分析能力，提高学生的逻辑思维能力、语言组织能力和双语表达能力，提高学生跨文化交际的能力和英、汉两种语言互译的能力，为进入下一阶段讨论式、分语类对学生进行口译基本技巧的训练做准备。,UnitOne-Definition,DefinitionofInterpreting:Itisdefinedasoraltranslationofawrittentext(Shuttleworthavoidloosesheets.Writeonlyononesideofthesheets;useagoodoldleadpencil.Notesshouldbeeasilyreadable,bewellspreadonthepage,writteninlargecharacters,andonesinglesentencecanevenoccupyonesheet.Notesmustbeunequivocal:forinstance,anarrowpointingupwardmustbealwaysusedtorepresentoneidea.Avoidinventingsymbolsorabbreviationsinthecourseofaconference.Languageusedinyournotes:SLandTLWriteyournotesverticallyUseabbreviationsUsewhateverlanguagethatcomestoyourmindUseasmanysymbolsasyoufeelcomfortablewith,Somesuggestedsymbolsusedinnote-taking,+=,Unit4:Note-taking:Whattonote,-Takedownthemainpointsofthespeech,togetherwithanyamountofminordetailsyoucouldmanage(口译笔记的对象：概念、命题、名称、数字、组织机构和逻辑关系)-Notedownthemainideas.-Systematicallynotedownthelinksbetweendifferentideas.-Notedownthepointofviewbeingexpressed.-Payattentiontoverbtenses,conditionalforms,andmodalverbs.-Notedownaccuratelythenumbers,datesandpropernames.Butdigesteverythingbeforetakingnotes!,Unit4Note-taking:AnExample,becauseeverychildhasthesameneeds,andtherighttoabasiceducation,therighttofood,therighttoshelter,andtherighttobasichealthandeverychildneedsafriendallsamerightsed.shelterhealthneedfriend,UnitFiveNote-taking(2),Theuseofleft-handmarginTheleft-handmarginisall-important,sinceinthissectionofthesheetthesubjectsofandthelinksbetweenthesentencesaretobenoted.Someinterpretersmaychoosetoleavealeft-handmarginofonetotwocentimetersforlinksonly.,Unit5Note-taking:anExample1,HungaryhascomplainedthatitssteelexportstotheEuropeanUnionareunabletodevelopbecauseofexcessivelyrestrictivequotas.ButtheUnionrepresentativepointedoutthatquotasarestillunderusedbyHungarybyalargemargin,sothequotasthemselvesdidntappeartobecreatingthedifficultiescouldbenoteddownasfollows:HUcomplainedsteelexpertstoEUcantdevelopbecausetoostricttariffquotasButEUrepquotasunderusedbyHUalotSoquotasnotprob,Unit5Note-taking:Example2,HU:steelexpertscannotdeveloptoEUbecausetariffquotastoorestrictive_butEU:HUunderusesalotquotassoquotasnotproblem,UnitSixInterpretingNumerals,笔记方法e.g.5,500-5千5或5515,300-1万5千3或153175,000-17万5或1753,000,000-3,或3或3635,500,000-6亿3千5百50万或6355,UnitSevenInterpretingNumerals(2),Thereadingofvulgarfractions1/2onehalf1/4onequarter1/5one-fifth1/3one-third3/4three-fourths5/9five-ninths2/6two-sixths9/10nine-tenths3/1000three-thousandths26/95twentysixoverninety-five79/53seventy-nineoverfifty-three九又四分之一nineandaquarter五又三分之二fiveandtwo-thirds,UnitEight-PublicSpeaking,VoiceProjectionPublicspeakingmeansthatyoumustbeclearlyaudible,andanimportantskillforinterpretersisvoiceprojection.Herearesometipsofvoiceprojection:-dospeakwithaclear,firmvoice,thefirstfewsentencesareespeciallyimportanttoconveyassurancetoyouraudience;-beclearlyintelligibleatalltimes;pronouncepropernamesandtitlesespeciallycarefully;-dont“orate”,butdosoundnaturalandsincere;-usethefirstpersonsingular;-talktoyouraudience“personally”andkeepcontactwiththematalltimes;-watchthereactionoftheaudiencetowhatyousay;-befriendlytowardyouraudience,beinterestedinyoursubject;-dontfrown;-dontgrimace,evenifyoumakemistakes.,Unit8-PublicSpeaking(2,SpeedofdeliveryPublicspeakingforaninterpretermeansthatyouhavetomaintaintheinterestoftheaudience,whoarehearingatexttwice,onceinaversionwhichtheycannotunderstand.Youmustengagetheirattention,andonemethodistovaryyourspeedofdelivery.Moretips:-donttalkfasterthan160wordsaminuteorslowerthan90wordsaminute;-dokeepyourrateofdeliveryconstantlychanging;-dontbemonotonousinyourdelivery;-changeyourpaceorspeedinresponsetotheaudiencesreactions;-allowspaceforapplause,laughter,orinterruptions;-keepeyecontactwiththeaudience.,UnitNine-ParaphrasinginCI,Whatisparaphrasing?或称复述训练repetitiontraining，此训练旨在检验记忆、加深理解，帮助我们逐渐摆脱原语表达方式的束缚，专注于要传递的“意义”，借着用译入语进行复述，进一步巩固理解并储存“意义”。注意意义的完整和逻辑连贯。,Unit9-ParaphrasinginCI(2),Rulestobefollowedinparaphrasing:1不应该有任何删减源语意义的情况；2不应有任何改变源语意义的情况；3.对源语信息中明示或暗示的态度、立场、观点和口气等，译员不应掺杂任何个人偏见或成见。,Unit9-paraphrasing:Tactics,1.ChangeofpartsofspeechOriginal:TourismearnsalotofforeignexchangeforSpain.Paraphrased:TourismisabigforeignexchangeearnerforSpain.2.ChangeofsentencestructureOriginal:Onlybyeliminatingcorruptionandbureaucracycanweestablishaclean,smallandefficientgovernment.Paraphrased:Wemustgetridofcorruptionandbureaucracybeforeweareabletoestablishaclean,smallandefficientgovernment.3.BreakupthelongsentenceintoseveralshortonesOriginal:Theboomintheairlineindustrythatbeganabout30yearsagoresultedinacorrespondingboominhotelconstruction.Paraphrased:Theairlineindustrystartedtoboomabout30yearsago.Thisboombroughtasimilarboominhotelconstruction.,UnitTenAnticipationinInterpreting(1),Linguisticanticipation语言系预测extra-linguisticanticipation非语言系预测语言系预测词汇的排列是有规律可循的。比如在英语里，介词后面接冠词或名词的概率很高，而接另一个介词或动词的概率则很低。这种规律可以帮助人们对在特定语境中的词义进行预测。（2）语言系统内部存在着大量的冗余现象，语言的冗余带来信息的冗于。在语段中，上文中的关键词汇已能清楚的表达尚未结束部分的意义。（3）在特定的语境中，被唤起或被激活的认知知识含有尚未结束的句子的意思。,Unit10Anticipation:Example1,Allmostfouryearsago,onJuly1st,1997,inthisveryspecialplace,inasolemnceremonymarkingthehand-over,PresidentJiangannouncedtotheworldthereturnofHongKongtoChina.（近四年前，1997年7月1日，江主席莅临此地，出席庄严肃穆的香港回归大典，向全世界宣布香港回归祖国。）在这句话中，译员的语言知识以及被唤起的认知知识足以使其对以下划线部分进行预测，：Almostfouryearsago（近四年前）,onJuly1st,1997（1997年7月1日）inthisveryspecialplace（就在此地）,inasolemnceremony（在庄严肃穆的典礼上）markingthehand-over（标志着回归）,PresidentJiang（江主席）announcedtotheworldthereturnofHongKongtoChina（宣布香港回归祖国）。对划线部分中一些词的预测实际上遵循了英语词汇排列的规律，如ago，place等，它们前面的词语使其在这一语境中显得毫无疑义；而译员对其他划线部分的预测则与其认知知识息息相关，如onJuly1st,1997,ceremony,PresidentJiang,thereturnofHongKongtoChina。从某种意义上讲，如果译员在其认知知识库里已经储存这样的信息：江泽民主席于1997年7月1日宣布香港回归中国，那么上述划线部分实际上就成了冗余信息。,Unit10:Anticipationininterpreting(2):,非语言系预测:既包括译员的译前预测，又包括在口译过程中所作的预测。即对讲话中要表达的思想的预测，而非准确无误地预测讲话人的具体措辞。例如，2002年10月美国教育代表团来渝访问了解该市的现代外语教育技术概况，该市教委高教处领导发表了一篇集欢迎与介绍于一体的讲话。在这一特定的语境中，译员在讲话发表前就可预测到以下内容：（1）讲话人将代表市教委向代表团表示欢迎；（2）重庆市高等院校简介；（3）重庆市高校现代外语教育技术运用情况以及（4）对代表团的良好祝愿。,UnitEleven:SimilaritiesandDifferencesbetweenWT笔译可以视需要而定，选用适当的句子结构:口译应少用被动语态，笔译不做此要求。,Unit12:Basiccharacteristicsofnarrativespeech,Narrativespeech:叙述类讲话(alsoincludeintroduction)Achronologicalnarrativemaybehistory,thestoryofacountry,oraninternationalorganizationoverthelastfiftyyears.Butitmayalsobethechairpersonofameetingsummingupthesituationattheoutcomeofthelastmeeting,theprocedurefollowedsincethen,includingtheactivitiesofvarioussub-committeesandtheprocedureenvisagedfortheimmediatefuture.Theinterpretermustpaydueattentiontotimephrases,datesandverbtenses.Peoplewanttowhathappenedwhen.Anarrativespeechmayalsohavethefeatureofthedescriptivespeech.,Unit12:Introductoryspeeches,介绍类讲话的基本特点介绍类讲话是口译实践中最常见的语类之一，出现得最多的情况有如下几种：(1)对公司、工厂、学校等企业、团体的介绍；(2)对项目、展品、产品以及科研成果等的介绍；(3)对城市、地区（包括景区）等的介绍；(4)对人物的介绍。介绍类讲话的基本模式是：总说、分说、总结或适当的小结。这类话语的展开没有明显的时间或空间顺序，而是靠时间、空间和逻辑程序的相互组合或补充。通常在介绍之前都有一段概述性质的话语，以便能给听话人留下一个整体的印象，然后再按照被介绍物的特点或说话人的目的，分门别类按不同的主题进行进一步详细的介绍。,Unit13:Preparationininterpretation,AdvancedPreparationBeforethemeeting,theinterpretershouldasktheconferenceorganizertoprovideafullsetofdocuments,whichincludetheconferenceprogramme,listofparticipants,backgroundinformationabouttheconference,andmostimportant,documentsonthecontentoftheconference(includingdraftsofpaperstobereadorpresented,abstracts,etc.)Briefingsarepotentiallyaveryusefulpartofadvancedpreparation.Theyaremeetingsorganizedfortheinterpreter,withtheparticipationoftheorganizerandexpertsinthefield.Atthebriefing,generalinformationisgiventotheinterpreter,whocanaskspecificquestions,generallyonconceptsandterminology.LastminutepreparationFororganizationalreasons,theconferencedocumentsarenotalwaysavailablebeforetheconference.Sometimes,manydocumentsareonlyavailableattheverylastmoment,yetasignificantamountofknowledgeacquisitionmayrevolvearoundthem.Theinterpretershouldbereadytodealwiththesituation.In-conferencepreparationMuchinformationisgainedduringtheconferenceitself,partlythroughdocumentswhichareonlyhandedoutafterthemeetinghasstarted,partlythroughconversationwithparticipantsduringbreak,andpartlythroughthecontentofpresentationsanddiscussions.,Unit13:Interpretinglongsentences,英语长句-根据意群，将其拆为简单句-根据逻辑关系综合使用：导致、重组、合并等手段汉语长句-根据内在逻辑关系进行重组,Unit13-Interpretinglongsentences:Tactics,a.句首分流法：b.