Disaster 自然灾害英文介绍原创

NaturalDisaster,EarthquakeVolcanoeruptionTyphoonForestfireTsunamiPlague,Earthquake,HowHarmfulEarthquakeis?,20085.12WenchuanEarthquake,magnitude8.0Morethan69000died18000disappearedDirecteconomylost:845billion,20113.14JapanEarthquake,magnitude9.0Morethan14,000died10,000disappearedMorethan11,000becomehomelessNuclearleak(核泄漏),BasicKnowledgeaboutEarthquake,Earthquake：resultofasuddenreleaseofenergyintheEarthCrust(地壳)thatcreatesseismicwaves(地震波).Measuredbyenergyitreleased,Richtermagnitudescale（里氏地震级）.,TypesofEarthquake,Fault(断层)types:normal,reverse(thrust)andstrike-slip,Depthofearthquakeoccurring:Shallow-focus(lessthan70km)mid-focus(70-300km)deep-focus(300to700km),ShakingandgroundruptureLandslidesandavalanches（山体滑坡、雪崩）FiresSoilliquefaction（地陷）Tsunami（海啸）Floods,EffectsofEarthquake,Earthquakesafetytips,Ifyouareindoors：staythere.Quicklymovetoasafelocationintheroomsuchasunderastrongdesk,astrongtable,oralonganinteriorwall.Ifyouarecooking：turnoffthestoveandtakecover.Ifyouareoutdoors：movetoanopenareaIfyouaredriving：slowdownsmoothlyandstoponthesideoftheroad,Thanks！,Volcanoeruption,TheWordVolcano,ThewordvolcanocomesfromtheRomangodoffire,Vulcan.,Structureofvolcano,单击此处添加内容,TypesofVolcanoes,单击此处添加内容,单击此处添加标题,单击此处添加内容,单击此处添加标题,单击此处添加内容,Below:MountKilauea,Hawaii,CinderVolcanoes,单击此处添加内容,CompositeVolcanoes,单击此处添加内容,VolcanoHazards,单击此处添加内容,Volcanobenefits,黑曜石、浮石,熔岩中的气体嗝,火山温泉,羊八井地热站,VolcanoinChina,单击此处添加内容,云南腾冲火山国家地质公园,长白山天池火山,台湾龟山岛火山,海南琼北火山,Volcanoinuniverse,Question:Whatisthebiggest(shield)volcanoinourSolarSystem?Answer:OlympusMons(onplanetMars),珠穆朗玛峰和OlympusMons规模比较,Volcanoinuniverse,珠穆朗玛峰和OlympusMons规模比较,THANKYOU!,Typhone,Typhoon,TheNameofTyphoon,TyphoonisfromGreekword(typhein),meaningtosmoke.InGreekmythology,typheinisGaiasson,whichisaMonsterwithonehundredheads.,Differentcalls,Therearemanycallsof“Typhoon”indifferentplaces.WesternNorthPacificandSouthChinaSeacalledTyphoon.WesternAtlantic,Caribbean,GulfofMexicoandtheeasternNorthPacificcalledHurricanesIndianOceanCyclone.PhilippinescalledBaguio.AustralianaboriginescalledthetyphoonWilly-Willy.,TheFormofTyphoon,Sixmainrequirementsfortyphoonformationanddevelopment:sufficientlywarmseasurfacetemperaturesatmosphericinstabilityhighhumidityinthelowertomiddlelevelsofthetroposphereenoughCoriolisforcetodevelopalowpressurecenterapre-existinglowlevelfocusordisturbancelowverticalwindshear.,PeakMonthesandtheLandingArea,ThetyphoonsofChinamostlycomefromthenorthwesternPacificocean.ThelandingtimemostlyfromJulytoNovember.TheearlistonewouldlandinMay,whilethelastoneofenoccursinDecember.ThelandingareaisalmostthroughouttheentirecoastalareaofChina,especillyinSoutheastChina.Guangdongisacoastalregionwiththehighestnumberoftyphoon,followedbyTaiwan,Hainan,FujianandZhejiang.,TheDestructionfromTyphoon,TheDestructionfromTyphoon,CausewaterloggingandfloodingTrafficgridlockInundatedfarmland,grainreductioninproductionorcropsDestructionofthepowersupplysystem,resultinginpoweroutagesDestructionofurbangreensystem,Name,10typhoonnamespresentedbytheChinese:DragonKing,(Sun)monkey,rabbit,petrels,Aeolus,Poseidon,Rhododendron,electricmother,hippocampus,begonia.龙王、（孙）悟空、玉兔、海燕、风神、海神、杜鹃、电母、海马、海棠Thesenamesshowfewdisastermeanings.Onthecontrast,mostofthenarewithmeaningofcivilizationandpeace,suchasjasmine,rose,pearls,lotus,cloudsandsoon.Whenthetyphoonmakesseriousdamageinsomeareas,thecountryorregioncanpresentanewnameinstead.,ForestFire,ForestFire,Typesofforestfire,surfacefire(地表火)canopyfire(林冠火)subsurfacefire(地下火),Factorscoexistinforestfire,combustibles(可燃物)ignitionsources(火源)oxygen,naturalman-made,organicmaterial,notlessthan18%,volcaniceruption,lightningfire,Relatedfactors,weatherterrains(地形),sunnyslope(阳坡)steephill（陡坡）forestland（林地）,hightemperaturecontinuousdroughtstrongwinds,Regularityofoutbreak,periodical（周期性）,annual（dryyears）seasonal(winter)daily(midday),Influenceandprevention,airenvironmentecologicalsystemsocialstability,monitoringtechnologysatelliteremotesensingmansconsciousness,Tsunami,Tsunami,Whatis“tsunami”?Thegreatwaves“tsunami”isaseriesoftravelingoceanwavesofextremelylonglengthgeneratedbyearthquakesoccurringbloworneartheocean,submarinelandslidesanderuptions.,Damage,APacific-widetsunamigeneratedbythe1960ChileEarthquake.TheGreatAlaskanEarthquakeof1964produceddeadlytsunamiwavesinAlaska,OregonandCalifornia.,in1992and1993over2,000peoplewerekilledbytsunamisoccurringinNicaragua,IndonesiaandJapan.2004IndianOceantsunamithe,killingaround230,000people.,WhatCauseTsunamis?,earthquakessubmarinelandslidessubmarinevolcaniceruptionsalargemeteorite（陨石）impactintheoceanunderwatervolcaniceruptionandlandslides,TsunamiWarningCenters,TheAlaskaTsunamiWarningCenter(ATWC)inPalmer,Alaska.ThePacificTsunamiWarningCenter(PTWC)inEwaBeach,Hawaii.ThePacificTsunamiWarningSystem(PTWS).OtherNationaltsunamiwarningcenters.,WhatYouShouldDo?,Followtheadviceofteachersandotherschoolpersonnel.(inschool)Moveintheevacuationsiteortoanysafeplace.Followtheadviceoflocalemergencyandlawenforcementauthorities.(athome)Moveimmediatelytohigherground.DONOTwaitforatsunamiwarningtobeannounced.(atthebeachorneartheocean),Tips,Shouldnotletthisnaturalhazarddiminishyourenjoymentofthebeachandocean.,Theend,Thankyou,Plague,Plague(瘟疫)isanepidemic(传染病）ofinfectiousdiseasethatisspreadingthroughhumanpopula-tionsacrossalargeregion;forinstancemultiplecontinents,orevenworldwide.Awidespreadendemicdiseasethatisstableintermsofhowmanypeoplearegettingsickfromitisnotapandemic.,Theemergenceoftheepidemicshallmeetthefollowingconditions:,1.Anewpathogenappearsinthecrowd.2.Thepathogencauseinfectionandseriousmedicalproblems.3.ThepathogensisInfectious,particularlyamonghumans.,Pandemicsandnotableepidemicsthroughhistory,1、PlagueofAthens430BC.TyphoidfeverkilledaquarteroftheAtheniantroops,andaquarterofthepopulationoverfouryears.,2、PlagueofJustinianfrom541to750,wasthefirstrecordedoutbreakofthebubonicplague.ItcausedEuropespopulationtodropbyaround50%between550and700million.,3、BlackDeathstarted14thcentury.Thetotalnumberofdeathsworldwideisestimatedat75millionpeople.ItwasthefirstofacycleofEuropeanplagueepidemicsthatcontinueduntilthe18thcentury.,4、Smallpox,Thediseasekilledanestimated40millionEuro-peansperyearduringtheclosingyearsofthe18thcentury.Duringthe20thcentury,itisestimatedthatsmallpoxwasresponsiblefor300500milliondeaths.,4、Smallpox,Thediseasekilledanestimated40millionEuro-peansperyearduringtheclosingyearsofthe18thcentury.Duringthe20thcentury,itisestimatedthatsmallpoxwasresponsiblefor300500milliondeaths.,Currentpandemics,HIVandAIDS,HIV,thevirusthatcausesAIDS,iscurrentlyapandemic.ItspreadtotheUnitedStatesandmuchoftherestoftheworldbeginningaround1969.,SARS(SevereAcuteRespiratorySyndrome),BetweenNovember2002