五大基本句型

.,句子成分,主语谓语宾语表语宾补定语状语,.,1.ImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday.,主语,谓语,定语,宾语,同位语,状语,.,主语,Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.Shewentoutinahurry.Fourplusfouriseight.Toseeistobelieve.Smokingisbadforhealth.Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.Whathehassaidistrue.,.,谓语,简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill?Helookedaftertwoorphans.复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词;HecanspeakEnglishwell.,.,表语,在系动词后的部分就是表语常见的系动词有:be(am,is,are,were,was),appear,look,seem,feel,smell,taste,sound,keep,turn,become,get,grow,come,goetc.系动词不用于被动语态.Theappletastessweet.,.,Thewarwasover.Theyseemtoknowthetruth.Timeisprecious.Imnotquitemyselftoday.Whowasthefirst?Heisoutofcondition.ThebookiswhatIneed.,.,宾语,宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人.Hegavemesomebooks.,间接宾语,直接宾语,.,.pleasepassmethebook.Heboughtmesomeflowers.,Ilikemyjob.Iloveyou.,Hewantedtoleavehere.Theyenjoyedplayingcomputergames.,.,宾语补足语,Ifoundthebookinteresting.Doyousmellsomethingburning?Hemadehimselfknowntothem.Sheaskedmetolendherahand.Pleasemakeyourselfathome.Pleasekeepthedogout.Wemustkeepitasecret.,.,主动语态变成被动语态后,宾语补足语变成主补.,Ilastsawhimplayingneartheriver.,Hewaslastseenplayingneartheriver.,Theteachercaughtthestudentcheatingintheexam,Thestudentwascaughtcheatingintheexam,Wemadehimmonitor.,Hewasmademonitor.,Hepushedthedooropen.,Thedoorwaspushedopen.,.,定语,Heisacleverboy.Hisfatherworksinasteelwork.Thereare54studentsinourclass.Doyouknownbettyssister?Heboughtsomesleepingpills.Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.Hisspokenlanguageisgood.Imetafriendonmywayhome.,(形容词),(名词),(数词),(名词的所有格),(动名词),(现在分词),(过去分词),(副词),.,Thegirlinredishissister.Wehavealotofworktodo.Thegirlstandingunderthetreeishisdaughter.Doyouknowthemanwhospokejustnow?Thereisnothinginterestinginthisbook.,.,状语,用于修饰形容词,副词,动词,介词短语或句子.可表示时间,地点,原因,结果,目的,方式,伴随,条件,程度,让步,频率等.Iwillbebackinawhile.Theyareplayingontheplayground.Hewaslatebecausehegotuplate.HegotupsolatethatImissedthetrain.,.,Iwaitedtoseeyou.Heoftenwenttoschoolbybus.Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.Pleasecallmeifitisnecessary.Thisbookisveryinteresting.Hewenttoschoolinspiteofhisillness.Healwayscomeslatetoschool.,.,1.Theyworkhard.主+谓2.Theflowerisdead.主+系+表3.Plantsneedwater.主+谓+宾4.Hegivesmesomeseeds.主+谓+直宾+间宾5.Weshouldkeeptheplantsintheshade.主+谓+宾+宾补6.Manyanimalsliveintrees.主+谓,.,英语五种基本句型列式如下：基本句型一：+（主谓）基本句型二：+（主系表）基本句型三：+（主谓宾）基本句型四：+IO+（主谓间宾直宾）基本句型五：+（主谓宾宾补）,.,翻译练习:1.你应当努力学习。2.她昨天回家很晚。3.那天早上我们谈了很多。4.会议将持续两个小时。,Youshouldstudyhard.,Shewenthomeverylateyesterdayevening.,Thatmorningwetalkedagreatdeal.,Themeetingwilllasttwohours.,.,一、主谓结构（S十Vi）,本结构是由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成,常用来表示主语的动作。如：Thesunrises.主语可有修饰语-定语，如，Theredsunrises.谓语可有修饰语-状语，如，Theredsunrisesintheeast这类句型中，谓语动词后可以不带任成分,但在大多数情况下,跟着状语性质的修饰语。例如：Heworkedhard/inafactory/tosupporthisfamily.,.,1.昨晚我写了一封信。Iwrotealetterlastnight.2.这本书他读过多次了。Hehasreadthisbookmanytimes.3.他们成功地完成了计划。(carryout)Theyhavecarriedouttheplansuccessfully.4.你们必须在两周内看完这些书。(finishdoing)Youmustfinishreadingthesebooksintwoweeks.,.,二、主谓宾结构（S十V+O）,在此句式中V代表及物动词或及物动词词组(vt)，只有及物动词或及物动词短语才能且必须接宾语，因此后有宾语；宾语须是名词或相当于名词的成分。例如：eg:Isawafilm.译：我看了一部电影。eg:Theytookgoodcareofthechildren译：他们把这些孩子照看得很好。,.,1、这台机器出了毛病。2、天气变得相当暖和。3、这些玫瑰闻起来很香。4、他的脸红了。,Themotorisoutoforder/goeswrong.,Theweatherisgettingquitewarm.,Therosessmellsweet.,Hisfaceturnedred.,.,三、S十V十P主系表结构,说明：本结构是由主语+系动词+表语组成，主要用以说明主语的特征，类属，状态，身份等。P一般是形容词或名词或名词性质的短语，V是系动词,常见的系动词有：（1）表示特征和存在状态的be,seem,appear,feel,look,smell,taste,sound.（2）表示状态延续的remain,stay,keep,continue.（3）表示状态变化的become,get,turn,go,fall,come,grow.,.,四、S十V十O十C主谓宾补结构,此结构由主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语构成。及物动词本身需要一个宾语外，还需要加上一个成分来补充说明宾语，才能表达一个完整的意思。可以用做宾补的有，名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词。如：1.Thesunkeepsuswarm.2.Iheardhimsinging.3.Youmustgetyourhaircut.,.,特别提醒:A.现在分词为宾语补足语时，宾语与现在分词之间是主动关系；过去分词为宾语补足语时,宾语与过去分词之间是被动关系。,Iheardthegirlsingingintheclassroom.,Ioftenhearthissongsunginthestreet.,.,B.在let(让)，make(使得)，have（请，让，使得），see(看)，hear(听到)，watch(观看)，feel(感觉到)，listento(倾听)，notice(注意到)等动词后的宾语补足语如果为不定式，则省掉”to”,但变为被动语态时，则要带”to”.e.g：1.Theteacheraskedmetoanswerthequestion.2.Wehearhersingnextdoor.3.Sheisheardtosingnextdoor.,.,五、S十V十Oi十Od主谓双宾,说明：此结构由“主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）”组成。如：Hebringsmecookieseveryday.但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for。如：Hebringscookiestomeeveryday.Shemadeabeautifuldressforme.用to侧重指动作对谁而做，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。用for侧重指动作为谁而做，表示为了某人，替某人。,.,双宾语只能跟在某些动词后面，主要有三类动词：（一）give,tell,teach,bring,lend,show,hand,offer,pay等。,Examples:1.Pleasehandhimabook.2.Pleasehandabooktohim.,.,1.她给了我一些漂亮的照片。2.布莱克先生教我英语。3.我付给了修理工50元。,Shegavemesomebeautifulpictures.,Mr.BlackteachesusEnglish.,Ipaidtherepairmanfiftyyuan.,.,（二）buy,get,fetch,save,make,sing,choose等。这一类动词后的间接宾语可以用一个介词for引导的短语来表示。,你给孩子们取点水来好吗？你愿意帮我一下忙吗？请给我们唱首歌好吗？,Wouldyoufetchsomewaterforthechildren?,Wouldyoudomeafavour(doafavorforme)?,Willyousingusasong?,.,（三）ask,answer,take,cost等，这一类词后的两个宾语都是直接宾语，无法改变其结构形式。,我可以问你一个问题吗？请先回答我一个问题。3.买这辆新自行车花了他300元。,MayIaskyouaquestion?,Pleaseanswermeaquestion.,Thenewbikecosthim300yuan.,.,六、There+be+主语（存在句型）,Questions:,1.be的单复数由什么决定？,2.除了be之外还能用哪些动词？,live,stand,lie,come,go,remain,exist,arrive.,.,3.Be与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情态变化。如：现在有thereis/are过去有therewas/were将来有therewillbe；thereis/aregoingtobe.现在已经有therehas/havebeen可能有theremightbe.肯定有t