英文摘要写作PPT课件

.,1,英文摘要写作,第二次习题课,.,2,Abstract,Readingbymanypeople-Advertise!SummarizepaperSelf-containedBrief(100200words)Nofiguresorreferences,.,3,一、英文摘要的类型,指示性（概括性）摘要：多用于理论性较强的论文，主要概括论文的主要观点、研究范围、分析过程、内容梗概和结论，并不定量报道其具体内容，如具体数据等。信息性（报道性）摘要：多用于实验性和技术性较强的论文，主要报道论文的研究成果、数据和结论。,.,4,二、英文摘要的特点,语言特点：准确、简洁、明了结构特点：背景与目的内容与方法结果、结论与前景句子结构特点：句首传递信息要点的句子多被动语句多，定语、补语多,.,5,三、英文摘要常用句型,常用于摘要开头部分：,theresultsofAsimplemethodforcasesoftheapproachforanattemptto(do),1.(Inthispaper,),is(are),presenteddescribed(through)reported(under)discussed(alongwith)analyzed,.,6,2.Thechief,aimpurposeobjectobjective,of,thepresentstudythisinvestigationtheresearchthesestudies,is(was/hasbeen/willbe),toobtaintoevaluatetofindouttoestablishtoasses,.,7,3.ThepresentstudyTheabovestudyThisinvestigation,was(hasbeen),designedmadecarriedoutperformedattempted,withaviewtoinordertoto,clarifydetermineestablishpointoutdemonstrate,.,8,4.OurstudiesTheirpioneerstudiesTheseinvestigations,aimto,clarifydetermineestablishdemonstrateprovideevidenceforbringout,.,9,常用于摘要结尾部分,1.ThestudieswehaveperformedThesepioneerstudiesattemptedbyusThestudiesinitiatedintheirlaboratoryWecarriedoutseveralstudieswhichAllfurtherinvestigations,showhaveshown(have)demonstratedthat(have)suggested(have)revealed,.,10,2.ThestudiesTheresultsThetestsTheresearches,(have)shown(have)suggestedillustratedrevealed,that,.,11,四、英文摘要翻译原则,要避免按中文的字面意思逐字逐句生搬硬译，即避免“中国式英语”；领悟汉语中所隐含的逻辑关系，运用适当的关联词语对原文结构进行必要的变动；注意中英文差别，遵循并使用英文习惯用法。,.,12,五、英文摘要翻译要求,语法方面：多使用行为抽象名词与动词相应的名词形式，有助于用少语言表达更多信息；用单个词代替词组。句法方面：运用长句多于短句，简单句多于复合句；中文摘要惯用无人称句，长句出现也较频繁，翻译时，不应以汉语的自然句来硬译，须重新安排。,.,13,五、英文摘要翻译要求,时态方面：一般现在时：用于介绍研究目的、内容、结果、结论等客观事实；现在完成时：用来说明论文的发展背景，表示已取得的成果，已完成的工作或项目；一般过去时：用于说明某一具体项目的发展情况，介绍已进行的研究、实验等。,.,14,五、英文摘要翻译要求,语态方面：被动可避免提及文章的作者或动作的执行者；突出摘要的客观性；突出要表达的有关信息缩略语,.,15,Avoidtheuseof“it”and“this”,example1Thepredictionwerecomparedwiththeexperimentalresults.Itwasfoundthat(bad)Theresultsshowedthat(better)Comparisonofthepredictedandexperimentalresultsshowsthat(best),.,16,Avoidtheuseof“it”and“this”,example2ItisobviousthattheelectriccurrenthadlittleeffectontheconvectiveheattransfercoefficientbutiscausedlargechangesinTable1.(bad)ThedatainTable1showsthat(good),.,17,so,resultedinacomparativelyshortprecoolingperiod,Donotuseexcessivelylongsentences,example3,Thisisbecauseofa,highdccurrent,or,alowambienttemperature,theprecoolingperiodwascomparativelyshort,and,thethermalpenetrationregion,wouldthereforebe,so,thenaturalconvection,wouldbe,neglected.,A,whichisequivalentto,was,and,was,thin,.,18,example4,本文通过实验的方法对中温辐射条件下受体温度的测量，利用能量守恒方程及斯蒂芬-波尔茨曼定律通过和黑体黑度的比较将实际物体的黑度计算出来，从而得出中温辐射时物体的黑度是随温度的升高而增大的规律，并对实验进行模拟，得出了实际物体在中温条件下的函数关系，并粗略的对误差进行分析和改进。,.,19,本文通过实验的方法对中温辐射条件下受体温度的测量，,Thisarticlethroughtheexperimentalmethodtothewarmradiationconditionendertheacceptortemperaturedetermination.,Thispaper,underthemediatemperatureofthermalradiation,anactualsubstancetemperaturewasmeasuredexperimentally.,.,20,利用能量守恒方程及斯蒂芬-波尔茨曼定律通过和黑体黑度的比较将实际物体的黑度计算出来，,DefendsthehorizontalequationaswellasSiDiFen-Boerziman;usingtheenergy,theBoltzmannlawthroughcalculateswiththeblackbodyblacknesscomparisonactualobjectblackness.,Comparisonoftheblackbodyandactualsubstanceshowstheemittance,whichisbasedonconservationofenergyandStefan-Boltzmannlaw.,.,21,从而得出中温辐射时物体的黑度是随温度的升高而增大的规律，,Whenobtainsthewarmradiationobjectblacknessisarulewhichincreasesalongwiththetemperatureascension.,Theresultwasobtainedthattheemittanceofactualsubstanceincreaseswithincreasingtemperature.,.,22,并对实验进行模拟，得出了实际物体在中温条件下的函数关系，并粗略的对误差进行分析和改进。,Andtotestedcarriesonhasdrawnupandhasobtainedtheactualobjectandatthebeginningofslightlycarriesontheanalysisunderwarmconditionfunctiontotheerror,theappraisalandsameimprovements.,Withexperimentalsimulation,thestudiesshowedthattheemittanceisthefunctionoftemperature.Andtheexperimentalerrorandimprovementmethodwasanalyzedalso.,.,23,exercise,本工程设计是天津市的一座综合办公楼的空调工程设计。总建筑面积为110000平方米。地下三层，地上十六层。夏季空