高中英语基础课件---非谓语动词

非谓语动词,非谓语动词在语法填空中,每年必考，且每年一个小题。尽管到目前为止,虽然只涉及到非谓语动词作状语和作宾补两种用法,但复习时,非谓语动词作定语、作主语和作宾语也不可忽视。非谓语动词就是在句中不作谓语的动词,有动词不定式、动词-ing形式和动词-ed分词等。,熟读深思指出下列句中不定式所充当的句子成分,并注意常用的不定式有哪几种形式。1.Heseemedtobesleeping.他好象在睡觉。2.Thereareallkindsofdifficultiestobeovercome.有各种各样的困难要克服。,动词不定式(theinfinitive),定语,表语,3.Idliketomakeasuggestion.我想提一个建议。4.Itisofgreatbenefitforallofustodomorningexerciseseveryday.每天做早操对我们大家都有益。5.Hefeelsitadutytohelpthedisabled.他感到有义务帮助残疾人。,真正宾语,宾语,真正主语,6.IoftenhearhersinginEnglish.(比较：SheisoftenheardtosinginEnglish.)我经常听到她唱英语歌。7.Maryoftengoesbacktoherhometowntovisithergrandparents.玛丽常常回家乡看望他的祖父祖母。,目的状语,补语,8.Imsogladtoseeyouhere.在这儿见到你真高兴。9.Jackwastoobusytohavehishaircut.杰克太忙了,没时间理发。,结果状语,原因状语,1.动词不定式属于非谓语动词,在句子中可以充当除谓语外的其他各个句子成分；2.动词不定式通常有以下几种形式(以do为例)：,tobedoing,tobedone,tohavedone,3.在shouldlike，wouldlike，expect,want,refuse，decide，pretend，promise，decide,offer等后不能用动名词作宾语，只能用不定式作宾语。4.在make,let,have等使役动词或者hear,see,watch等感观动词后作宾补的不定式常省略to;但在这些词的被动式后作主补时,要加上to。,5.如果动词不定式的逻辑主语为这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,不定式一般用被动语态形式。6.在形容词后作状语只能用不定式,且用主动形式表示被动含义。如：Thistextiseasytounderstand.这篇课文很容易懂。,7.不定式做定语时的几种用法：表将来。Thebuildingtobebuiltnextmonthwillbeourlibrary.下月要建的这座建筑物将是我们的图书馆。,序数词或最高级等后常用不定式作定语。ShewasthefirstwomantowintheNobelPrize.她是第一个获得诺贝尔奖金的妇女。Maryisthebestpersontodothejob.玛丽是做这个工作的最适合人选。,常用来修饰chance，idea，ability，way，reason，time，fact，key，ambition等抽象名词。LastyearIhadachancetogoabroadforfurtherstudy.去年我有机会去国外进修。动词不定式做主语和宾语时通常放在句子的后面,用it作形式主语或形式宾语。,熟读深思熟读以下各句,注意划线部分,并思考：动词-ing有哪几种形式？动词-ing在句中可作哪些成分？动词-ing形式像谓语动词一样可以带宾语或状语吗？,动词的ing形式,1.Learningisimportanttomodernlife.学习对现代生活很重要。2.Theproblemisquitepuzzling.这个问题令人困惑。3.Isuggestdoingitinadifferentway.我建议用另一种方法做这件事。,4.TheTVsetneedsrepairing.这台电视机需要修理。5.Iheardofhishavingbeenchosentobecoachoftheteam.我听说他被选为球队的教练。6.Thequestionbeingdiscussednowisveryimportant.现在正在讨论的问题很重要。,7.Theywentoutoftheclassroom,talkingandlaughing.他们有说有笑地走出教室。8.Havingbeenshownaroundthelab,weweretakentoseetheschoollibrary.在被带去看了实验室之后,我们又被带去参观校图书馆。,9.Ifeltmyheartbeatingviolently.我觉得我的心在猛烈地跳动。10.Hisnotcomingmadeeveryonepresentverydisappointed.他没来使在场的每个人都很失望。,动词的-ing形式有以下特征：1.具有动词的特征,有时态和语态的变化,并可带状语、宾语等。当分词与其逻辑主语有动宾关系时,用_语态(如5,6和8)。,归纳总结,被动,2.动词-ing的构成形式(以do为例)：,3.动词的-ing形式具有动词的特征,同时又具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,因此,它在句中可以作主语、_语、_语、_语、_语和状语。4.否定形式：not+v-ing形式。,宾语补足,表,宾,定,5.在suggest,keep,allow,finish,enjoy,mind,practice,avoid,admit,advise,consider，imagine,appreciate,escape等后不能用不定式作宾语;在forget,remember,regret,mean,try等动词后既可接动名词,也可接不定式,但意义差别较大。如：Iforgotseeingher.我忘记见过她。(以前见过)Iforgottoposttheletter.我忘记寄信了。(信没寄),6.在表示“需要”的need,want和require等后用-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义,也可用不定式的被动式。,熟读深思熟读下列各句,体会动词-ed形式的用法。1.Hearingthenews,helookeddisappointed.听到这个消息,他看起来很失望。2.Thebossfeltsatisfiedwithherperformance.老板对她的表现很满意。,动词的-ed形式,3.Allthebrokendesks(=Allthedesksthatwerebroken)havebeenrepaired.所有弄坏了的桌子都已修好了。4.Wehavereadmanynovelswritten(=whichwerewritten)bythisauthor.我们已读了这个作者写的很多部小说。,5.Confused(=Ashewasconfused)bytheproblem,hedecidedtoturntohisteacherforhelp.对这个问题感到困惑,他决定向老师求助。6.Seen(=Whenitisseen)fromthetop,thestadiumlookslikeabirdnest.从顶上看,体育馆好像一个鸟巢。,7.IheardthesongsunginEnglish.我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。8.Petergothisbadtoothpulledoutinthehospital.彼得在医院把坏牙拔了。,归纳总结,1.动词的-ed形式一般表示被动或完成,在句中可作表语、定语、状语、补语等。2.所谓表示被动,就是过去分词与其逻辑主语有被动关系,判断逻辑主语的方法与其他非谓语动词的逻辑主语相同,请看下表：,3.单个的动词-ed形式作定语一般放在所修饰的名词的前面,动词-ed形式短语作定语,则要放在所修饰的名词的后面。动词-ed形式作定语相当于一个定语从句。,4.表示情感的动词,其-ed形式和-ing形式均可作定语或表语(相当于形容词),动词-ed形式表示“感到的(人或人的音容笑貌)”,动词-ing形式表示“令人的(事物)”。如,surprised感到惊讶的,surprising令人惊讶的。,5.作状语时,可表时间、原因、让步、结果、方式、条件、伴随等,一般可改为一个状语从句;但表示伴随时一般不可以改为状语从句,却可改为并列谓语。,非谓语动词是高考语法填空的必考点。解答此类试题首先要通过句子的结构分析确定是不是非谓语动词,然后就要根据非谓语动词的用法确定用具体的某种形式。如：1.作主语或宾语,就用动名词(一般)或不定式形式(具体)；,非谓语动词与广东高考,2.作目的状语或在形容词后作状语,用动词不定式；3.作伴随状语或作定语,要根据与逻辑主语的关系,用现在分词或过去分词；4.有时也要根据句式搭配来确定,如see/hear/noticesb.do/doingsth.,spend.doingsth.等。,请根据以上技巧,完成以下与非谓语动词相关的历年高考试题。1.Inoticedaman18_(sit)atthefront.,已有谓语动词noticed,且sit前没有并列连词,因此,sit是非谓语动词;由固定句式noticesb.doing/dosth.(注意到某人在做/做了某事)可知,填sitting或sit,但我们认为,根据文中提供的情境,不难推出,作者“注意到”时,那个人是“正坐在”作者前面的,故填sitting更准确、更切实际、也更生动。,sitting/sit,2.Hespititout,_(say)itwasawful.,因句中已有谓语spit,此处又没有连词,say不是并列谓语,而是非谓语动词;又因he与say是主动关系,故用现在分词作伴随状语。,saying,3.Shewishedthathewasaseasy_(please)ashermother,whowasalwaysdelightedwithperfume.,句中已有谓语waseasy了,please应为非谓语动词;因在形容词后作状语,只能用动词不定式,故填toplease。,toplease,4.Forexample,theproverb,“pluckingupacrop_(help)itgrow”,isbasedonthefollowingstory.,4.作目的状语,用动词不定式。,tohelp,5.Finally,Iacceptedtheofferofanoldpeasantwomanwholivedaloneinalittlehouse.Whileshewasgettingme_(settle)intoatinybutcleanroom.,由o/in/on.(使某人舒服地处于某处)可知,me与settle是被动关系,要用过去分词用宾补。又如：Anursesettledtheoldmanintoachair.护士让那位老人舒舒服服地坐在椅子上。,settled,灵活运用,1.Tomaskedthecandymakersiftheycouldmakethechocolateeasier_(break)intosmallpieces.,在easy，difficult，hard，comfortable等形容词后习惯上接不定式作状语（注意:这类不定式通常要用主动式表示被动意义）;句意为：汤姆糖果制造商能否把巧克力做得更容易扳成小块。,tobreak,2.Itsimportantforthefigures_(update)regularly.,根据for引出的逻辑主语thefigures与update存在着被动关系可知选不定式的被动式。句意为：经常更新这些数据很重要。,3.Todaywehavechatrooms,textmessaging,emailing.butweseem_(lose)theartofcommunicatingface-to-face.,动词seem后习惯上接不定式;又因为空格后的theartofcommunicatingface-to-face是用作动词lose的宾语。,4.Simonmadeabigbamboobox_(keep)thelittlesickbirdtillitcouldfly.,这句中的make表示“做;制造”,其后的不定式为目的状语。句意为:西蒙做了一个大竹盒子来养这只有病的小鸟,等它能飞的时候再放走它。,5.Thereweremanytalentedactorsouttherejustwaiting_(discover).,动词wait后习惯上接不定式;另外,actors与discover之间为被动关系,即“等着被发现”,故选不定式的被动式。,tobediscovered,6.Wewereastonished_(find)thetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.在beastonished后要接不定式表示原因。7.WithFathersDayaroundthecorner,Ihavetakensomemoneyoutofthebank_(buy)presentsformydad.“给父亲买礼物”是“从银行拿钱出来”的目的,作目的状语,用动词不定式。,tofind,tobuy,8.Hisfirstbook_(publish)nextmonthisbasedonatruestory.根据句中的nextmonth可知是将出版,故要用不定式;又因为book与publish之间为被动关系,故要用不定式的被动式。9.Lydiadoesntfeellike_(study)abroad.Herparentsareold.因为feellike中的like是介词。根据英语语法，介词后接动词一般要用动名词。,tobepublished,studying,10._(gather)aroundthefire,thetouristsdancedwiththelocalpeople.,现在分词短语gatheringaroundthefire在句中用作伴随状语,表示与谓语动作danced同时发生的动作。,Gathering,11.Sarahpretendedtobecheerful,_(say)nothingabouttheargument.现在分词短语sayingnothingabout.为伴随状语,句意为:莎拉假装开心,对那次争论什么也没说。12.Recentlyasurvey_(compare)pricesofthesamegoodsintwodifferentsupermarketshascausedheateddebateamongcitizens.现在分词作定语修饰前面的主语survey。,saying,comparing,13.Thenextthinghesawwassmoke_(rise)frombehindthehouse.现在分词短语risingfrombehind.在此用作定语,修饰名词smoke。14.MorehighwayshavebeenbuiltinChina,_(make)itmucheasierforpeopletotravelfromoneplacetoanother.现在分词短语makingitmucheasier.在句中用作结果状语,表示MorehighwayshavebeenbuiltinChina的结果。,rising,making,15.AtonepointImadeupmymindtotalktoUncleSam.ThenIchangedmymind,_(realize)thathecoulddonothingtohelp.,现在分词短语realizingthat.用作状语,表原因。,realizing,16.Batsaresurprisinglylonglivedcreatures,some_(have)alifespanofaround20years.,因为somehavingalifespanofaround20years为独立主格结构。,having,17.Ihadgreatdifficulty_(find)thesuitablefoodonthemenuinthatrestaurant.因havedifficulty(in)doingsth.为固定句式,其意为“做某事有困难”。18._(approach)thecitycenter,wesawastonestatueofabout10metersinheight.因we与approach是主动关系,所以用现在分词短语作状语。,finding,Approaching,19._(look)atmyclassmatesfaces,Ireadthesameexcitementintheireyes.因I与look是主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。20.Listen!Doyouhearsomeone_(call)forhelp？由listen可知，动作正在进行，表示“听见某人在做某事”，用hearsb.doingsth.句型。,Looking,calling,21.Itrainedheavilyinthesouth,_(cause)seriousfloodinginseveralprovinces.,“引起严重水灾”是“下大雨”的自然结果,作结果状语,用现在分词作状语。causing.与whichcaused.相当。,causing,22.Thetrafficrulesaysyoungchildrenundertheageoffourand_(weigh)lessthan40poundsmustbeinachildsafetyseat.,因youngchildren与weigh是主动关系,故用现在分词作定语。句中介词短语under.和现在分词短语weighing.一起作定语,修饰youngchildren。,weighing,23.Hehadawonderfulchildhood,_(travel)withhismothertoallcornersoftheworld.,因he与travel是主动关系,故用现在分词短语travelingwithhismother.作状语,表示原因。,traveling,24.Apick-uptruckpassedusontheroad,andafewminuteslater,Isawit_(pull)backandthedriverlookingdirectlyatus.,因it与pull是主动关系,用现在分词作宾补,即seesb./sth.doingsth.句型。,pulling,25._(walk)isagoodformofexerciseforbothyoungandold.因agoodform暗示泛指一般性行为,用动名词作主语。26.Icantstand_(work)withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses_(stop)talkingwhilesheworks.因为cantstand(不能忍受)后习惯上要接动词的-ing形式;又因refuse后要求接带to的不定式。?,Walking,working,tostop,27.Asaresultoftheseriousflood,two-thirdsofthebuildingsintheareaneed_(repair).在表示“需要”的need后要接动词-ing形式的主动形式,或用不定式的被动式。28.Isntittimeyougotdownto_(mark)thepapers？因为getdownto中的to是介词,后面应接动词的-ing形式。?,repairing/toberepaired,marking,29.Mr.Reedmadeuphismindtodevoteallhehadto_(set)upsomeschoolsforpoorchildren.,因devote.to.中to是介词,接动词-ing形式;all是devote的宾语,hehad是省略了关系代词that的定语从句,修饰all。,setting,30.TsinghuaUniversity,_(found)in1911,ishometoagreatnumberofoutstandingfigures.,由于TsinghuaUniversity(清华大学)与found(成立)之间为被动关系,即清华大学被成立于1911年,故用过去分词。,founded,31.Theisland,_(join)tothemainlandbyabridge,iseasytogoto.,根据句意可知,“岛屿”与“大陆”是被一座桥连接起来(注意句中的介词by),故用过去分词表被动。,joined,32.LiJianputupapictureofYaoMingbesidethebedtokeephimself_(remind)ofhisowndreams.,该考点涉及的搭配是remindsb.ofsth.(提醒某人记住或想起某事),显然空格前的himself与动词remind之间存在着被动关系,故选过去分词。,reminded,33._(offer)animportantroleinanewmovie,Andyhasgotachancetobecomefamous.,由于句子主语Andy与动词offer之间为被动关系(即Andy被人提供了某物),故用过去分词。,Offered,34.Eventhebestwriterssometimesfindthemselves_(lost)forwords.,由于lose是及物动词,其后本应有宾语,但句中的空格后没有出现宾语,这说明lose要用过去分词；本句意：即使最优秀的作家有时也会发现他们找不到合适的文字来表达自己的意思。,lost,35.Clairehadherluggage_(check)anhourbeforeherplaneleft.,考查“have+名词+非谓语动词”结构。由于herluggage（她的行李）与check（检查）之间为被动关系，故用过去分词。句意为：在飞机出发前1小时克莱尔携带的行李接受了检查。,checked,36.Imcallingtoenquireabouttheposition_(advertise)inyesterdaysChinaDaily.,由于position(职位)与advertise(登广告)之间为被动关系,且广告昨天已经刊发了,故用动词-ed形式作定语。,advertised,37.Sofarnobodyhasclaimedthemoney_(discover)inthelibrary.由于money与discover之间为被动关系,由句意可知,钱“已经”被发现,故用动词-ed形式作定语。38.Alexandertriedtogethiswork_(recognize)inthemedicalcircles.因“宾语(hiswork)”与其后的recognize(承认)是被动关系,故用动词-ed形式。,recognized,discovered,39.Mrs.Whiteshowedherstudentssomeoldmaps_(borrow)fromthelibrary.因maps与borrow之间为被动关系;再根据句意,地图是“已经”借来了,所以用过去分词作定语。40.Though_(surprise)toseeus,theprofessorgaveusawarmwelcome.因theprofessor与surprise(使惊奇)是被动关系,故用“连词+动词-ed形式”作状语。,borrowed,surprised,41._(see)fromthetopofthetower,thesouthfootofthemountainisaseaoftrees.由于thesouthfoot与see之间为被动关系，故用动词-ed形式作状语。42.Thelivingroomiscleanandtidy,withadiningtablealready_(lay)foramealtobecooked.短语layatable的意思是“摆桌子”,因句中的table与动词lay(摆放)之间为被动关系,所以用动词-ed形式作定语。,Seen,laid,43.Theexperimentshowsthatproperamountsofexercise,if_(carry)outregularly,canimproveourhealth.,由于exercise(锻炼)与carryout(进行,执行)之间为被动关系,故用“连词+动词-ed形式”作状语,ifcarriedoutregularly相当于ifitiscarriedoutregularly。,carried,44.Agreatnumberofstudents_(question)saidtheywereforcedtopractisethepiano.,由于students与question(提问,询问)之间为被动关系,故用动词-ed形式作定语。,questioned,45.Lucyhasagreatsenseofhumorandalwayskeepshercolleagues_(amuse)withherstories.,意思是Lucy让她的同事“感到愉快”,表示人“感到愉快”,用-ed形式作宾补(相当于形容词作宾补的),故填amused。,amused,46.Almost33_(freeze),theoldmancouldnotgetofftheground.因句子主语theoldman与freeze(冻僵)是被动关系,故用动词-ed形式作原因状语。47.Pleaseremain_(seat);thewinneroftheprizewillbeannouncedsoon.因seat的用法是seatsb.或beseated,而remain=continuetobe,故填seated,作表语。,frozen,seated,48.Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee_(carry)outthenextyear.,句中that引导一个定语从句,它代表theplan并在从句中作see的宾语;宾语that(theplan)与宾补carryout是被动关系,因此,用动词-ed形式作宾补,即.seetheplancarriedoutthenextyear。,carried,1.Walkinginthestreet,Isawhim._walkinginthestreet,Isawhim.2.Workinghard,youwillsucceed._,youwillsucceed._,andyouwillsucceed.,二、句型转换,Workhard,When/While/As(Iwas),If/Aslongas/Solongasyouworkhard,3.Beingill,shestayedathome._,shestayedathome.Shestayedathome_ill.Shestayedathome_herillness.,becauseof/dueto,Asshewasill,becauseshewas,4.Havingfailedmanytimes,hedidntloseheart._failedmanytimes,hedidntloseheart._byfailuremanytimes,hedidntloseheart.,Althoughbeaten/defeated,Althoughhehad,5.Hisrichparentsdied,leavinghimalotofmoney.Hisrichparentsdiedand_himalotofmoney.6.Givenmoretime,wecoulddoitmuchbetter._,wecoulddoitmuchbetter.,Ifweweregivenmoretime,left,7.Whenhewasaskedwhathadhappened,heloweredhishead._,heloweredhishead.8.Scoldedbytheteacher,thegirlsattherefeelingsorry._,thegirlsattherefeelingsorry.,Asshewasscoldedbytheteacher,A