大脑结构解剖图

TheTelencephalon,山东大学医学院解剖教研室李振华,Externalfeature,Thetelencephalonconsistsofrightandleftcerebralhemisphere,partiallyseparatedbycerebrallongitudinalfissure.ThecerebraltransversefissureintervenesbetweenthehemispheresandthecerebellumEachhemispherehasthreesurfaces:superolateral,medialandinferior,ThreeprincipalsulciCentralsulcus中央沟Lateralsulcus外侧沟Parietooccipitalsulcus顶枕沟,Centralsulcus,Lateralsulcus,Parietooccipitalsulcus,FivelobesFrontallobe额叶Parietallobe顶叶Temporallobe颞叶Occipitallobe枕叶Insularlobe岛叶,Frontallobe,Parietallobe,Occipitallobe,Temporallobe,Insularlobe,SulciandgyriofSuperolateralsurface,Frontallobe:Precentralsulcus中央前沟Superiorfrontalsulcus额上沟Inferiorfrontalsulcus额下沟Precentralgyrus中央前回Superiorfrontalgyrus额上回Middlefrontalgyrus额中回Inferiorfrontalgyrus额下回,SulciandgyriofSuperolateralsurface,Precentralsulcus,Precentralgyrus,Superiorfrontalsulcus,Inferiorfrontalsulcus,Superior,middleandinferioefrontalgyri,Parietallobe:Postcentralsulcus中央后沟Postcentralgyrus中央后回Intraparietalsulcus顶内沟Superiorparietallobule顶上小叶Inferiorparietallobule顶下小叶Supramarginalgyrus缘上回Angulargyrus角回,SulciandgyriofSuperolateralsurface,Postcentralsulcus,Postcentralgyrus,Superiorparietallobule,Supramarginalgyrus,Angulargyrus,Intraparietalsulcus,Temporallobe:Superiortemporalsulcus颞上沟Inferiortemporalsulcus颞下沟Superiortemporalgyrus颞上回Middletemporalgyrus颞中回Inferiortemporalgyrus颞下回Transversetemporalgyri颞横回,SulciandgyriofSuperolateralsurface,Superiortemporalsulcus,Inferiortemporalsulcus,Superiortemporalgyrus,Middletemporalgyrus,Inferiortemporalgyrus,Transversetemporalgyri,SulciandgyriofSuperolateralsurface,Precentralsulcus,Precentralgyrus,Superiorfrontalsulcus,Inferiorfrontalsulcus,Superior,middleandinferioefrontalgyri,Postcentralsulcus,Postcentralgyrus,Superiorparietallobule,Supramarginalgyrus,Angulargyrus,Superiortemporalsulcus,Inferiortemporalsulcus,Superiortemporalgyrus,Middletemporalgyrus,Inferiortemporalgyrus,Sulciandgyriofmedialsurface,Corpuscallosum胼胝体Callosalsulcus胼胝体沟Cingulatesulcus扣带沟Cingulategyrus扣带回Marginalramus缘支Paracentrallobule中央旁小叶Calcarinesulcus距状沟Cuneus楔叶Lingualgyrus舌回,Sulciandgyriofmedialsurface,Corpuscallosum,Callosalsulcus,cingulategyrus,Cingulatesulcus,Marginalramus,Paracentrallobule,Calcarinesulcus,Cuneus,Parietooccipitalsulcus,Lingualgyrus,Sulciandgyriofinferiorsurface,Olfactorybulb嗅球Olfactorytract嗅束Olfactorytrigone嗅三角Anteriorperforatedsubstance前穿质Collateralsulcus侧副沟Occipitotemporalsulcus枕颞沟Medialoccipitotemporalgyrus枕颞内侧回Lateraloccipitotemporalgyrus枕颞外侧回Hippocampalsulcus海马沟Parahippocampalgyrus海马旁回Uncus钩Hippocampus海马Dentategyrus齿状回,Hippocampalformation海马结构,Inferiorsurface,Olfactorybulb,Olfactorytract,Olfactorytrigone,Anteriorperforatedsubstance,Collateralsulcus,Occipitotemporalsulcus,Medialandlateraloccipitotemporalgyri,Parahippocampalgyrus,Uncus,Hippocampus,Dentategyrus,Hippocampalformation,Histologyofthecerebralcortex,Archicortex原皮质(hippocampalformation海马结构)Paleocortex古皮质(rhinencephalon嗅脑)Neocortex新皮质(mostofcerebralcortex),3celllayers,6celllayers,Functionallocationofcerebralcortex,Firstsomaticmotorarea第一躯体运动区,Position:locatedinprecentralgyrusandanteriorportionofparacentrallobule,Firstsomaticmotorarea第一躯体运动区,CharactersRepresentationisinverted,butheadandfaceareuprightAbodypartisrepresentedbyacorticalareaproportionaltoitsuseratherthanitssizeReceivingfibersfrompostcentralgyrus,VA,VLandVPL,sendingoutfiberstoformpyramidaltract,controllingvoluntarymovements,Firstsomaticsensoryarea第一躯体感觉区,Positionliesinpostcentralgyrusandposteriorportionofparacentrallobule,Firstsomaticsensoryarea第一躯体感觉区,CharactersSensoryrepresentation,likemotorarea,iscrossedandinvertedReceivingandinterpretsensationfromoppositesideofbody,Auditoryarea听区,LocatedintransversetemporalgyriReceiveauditoryinformationfrombothears,Visualarea视区,LieoneithersideofcalcarinesulcusinmedialsurfaceofoccipitallobeVisualcortexofonehemispherereceivesimpressionfromtemporalpartofretinaofsamesideandnasalpartofoppositesideLesionsofvisualcortexproducecontralateralhomonymousvisualfielddefections,Vestibulararea平衡觉区:locatedinfrontofsuperiortemporalgyrusOlfactoryarea嗅觉区:locatedneartheuncusTastearea味觉区:locatedatfrontaloperculum,Languagearea语言中枢,Itisdominantinlefthemisphereinright-handedpersonMotorspeecharea运动性语言中枢LocatedinposteriorportionofinferiorfrontalgyrusDamage:motoraphasiaWritingarea书写中枢LocatedinposteriorportionofmiddlefrontalgyrusDamage:agraphiaAuditoryspeecharea听觉性语言中枢LocatedinposteriorportionofsuperiortemporalgyrusLesion:sensoryaphasiaVisualspeecharea视觉性语言中枢LocatedinangulargyrusLesion:alexia,Lateralventricle侧脑室Position:locatedincerebralhemispheresFourpartsCentralpart:liesinparietallobeAnteriorhorn:extendsintofrontallobePosteriorhornextendintooccipitallobeInferiorhorn:extendintotemporallobe,Internalstructures,Communicationlateralventricleinterventricularforamenthirdventricle,Basalnuclei基底核,Corpusstriatum纹状体Lentiformnucleus豆状核Caudatenucleus尾状核Claustrum屏状核Amygdaloidbody杏仁体,Globuspallidus苍白球,putamen壳,Neostriatum新纹状体,paleostriatum旧纹状体,Whitematter,Associationfibers联络纤维RunbetweengyriwithinthesamehemisphereCerebralarcuatefibers大脑弓状纤维Superiorlongitudinalfasciculi上纵束Inferiorlongitudinalfasciculi下纵束Uncinatefasciculus钩束Cingulum扣带,Commissuralfibers连合纤维runbetweenleftandrighthemisphereCorpuscallosum胼胝体:rostrum,genu,trunk,spleniumAnteriorcommissure前连合Fornixandcommissureoffornix穹隆和穹隆连合,Projectionfibers投射纤维:connectcortexwithlowerpartofbrainandspinalcordandtheyincludebothascendinganddescendingfibersInternalcapsulePosition:athicklaminaofwhitematterlyingbetweencaudatenucleus,thalamusandlentiformnucleus,ThreepartsAnteriorlimbofinternalcapsule内囊前肢LiesbetweencaudatenucleusandlentiformnucleusContainingfrontopontinetractandanteriorthalamicradiationGenuofinternalcapsule内囊膝IsangleatwhichanteriorandposteriorlimbsmeetContainingcorticonucleartractPosteriorlimbofinternalcapsule内囊后肢LiesbetweenthalamusandlentiformnucleusContaincorticospinaltract,corticorubraltract,centralthalamicradiation,parieto-occipito-temporo-pontinetract,acousticradiationandopticradiation,Anteriorthalamicradiation,Fro