unit 4 great people

精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创1/9UNIT4GREATPEOPLEUNIT4GREATPEOPLE一【语法详解】定语从句定语从句的定义在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句通常紧跟在它所修饰的名词或代词之后，这种名词或代词叫做先行词，即“先行词定语从句”。定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。引导定语从句的关联词为关系代词或关系副词。关系代词有WHO,WHOM,WHICH,THAT,WHOSE，在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语或定语WHOSE；关系副词有WHEN,WHERE,WHY，在定语从句中只用作状语。先行词关系代词关系词在定语从句中的成份先行词关系副词关系词在定语从句中的成份人WHO主语、宾语时间WHEN状语人WHOM宾语时间WHICH/THAT宾语物WHICH主语、宾语地点WHERE状语人、物THAT主语、宾语地点WHICH/THAT宾语人、物WHOSE定语，表示所属关系原因WHY状语THEREASONWHY注意WHOSEOFWHICH,OFWHOMWHEN介词WHICHWHERE介词WHICHWHYFORWHICH精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创2/9如果关系代词前有介词，只能用WHICH或WHOM且不能省略。关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词WHO,WHOM的用法当定语从句所修饰的先行词是人的时候用关系代词WHO/WHOM/THAT。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时用WHO/THAT；关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时用WHO/WHOM/THAT，并且可以省略；通常用WHO代替WHOM，但WHOM不能代替WHO。关系代词作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词的数取决于先行词的数，即定语从句的动词形式与先行词保持一致。注意先行词为ONE,ONES,ANYONE或THOSE时，关系代词只能用WHO。LETSCOUNTTHEPEOPLEWHO/THATAREPRESENT注意定语从句中动词的形式ISHETHEMANWHO/THATHASSAVEDTHREECHILDRENDURINGTHESNOWSTORM注意定语从句中动词的形式THEPERSONWHO/THAT/WHOMYOUWISHTOSEEHASCOME关系代词WHICH,THAT的用法当定语从句所修饰的先行词是物时，用关系代词WHICH/THAT。关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略，需注意以下两种情况当定语从句中动词短语含有介词时，若介词后置，可使用关系代词WHICH/THAT，并且可以省略；精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创3/9若介词置于关系代词之前，只能用WHICH，并且不能省略。THEBOOKWHICH/THATTELLSUSATRUESTORYISWELLWORTHREADINGHEREISTHECARWHICH/THATIBOUGHTLASTMONTHTHEPARADEINWHICHHETOOKPARTISCALLEDDISNEYPARADETHEPARADEWHICH/THATHETOOKPARTINISCALLEDDISNEYPARADE关系代词WHOSE的用法关系代词WHOSE可用于指人或物的先行词，WHOSE在定语从句中作定语，先行词与WHOSE之后的词是所属关系，当先行词是人时WHOSEOFWHOM，当先行词是物时WHOSEOFWHICH。IDLIKEAHOUSEWHOSEDOORSFACESOUTHIDLIKEAHOUSETHEDOORSOFWHICHFACESOUTHHEISTHEBOYWHOSEFATHERISAFAMOUSWRITERHEISTHEBOYTHEFATHEROFWHOMISAFAMOUSWRITER下列情况下只用关系代词THAT当先行词是以下指物的不定代词时ALL,NONE,MUCH,ANY,LITTLE,FEW,ANYTHING,NOTHING,EVERYTHING。IBELIEVEALLTHATYOUTOLDMETELLUSEVERYTHINGTHATYOUKNOW精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创4/9当先行词被以下词修饰，并且指物时ALL,ANY,EVERY,EACH,FEW,LITTLE,MUCH,NO,SOME,THEVERY,THESAME,ONEOF,THEONLY。注意ONEOF人关系代词WHO/THATONEOF物关系代词THAT。YOUSHOULDPUTAWAYALLTHEPRESENTSTHATYOURFRIENDSGAVEYOUONYOURBIRTHDAYIHAVESOMETHINGSTHATIHAVETODOTODAYTHEYVEOFFEREDAREWARDOF5,000FORANYINFORMATIONTHATLEADSTOTHEARRESTOFTHEMURDERERTHISISTHEVERYBOOKTHATIHAVEBEENLOOKINGFOR这是我一直寻找的那本书。SHEISTHEONLYONEOFUSTHATKNOWSFRENCH特别提醒THEONLY修饰先行词时必须用关系代词THATITISTHESAMESONGTHATIHEARDYESTERDAYAFTERNOON当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级，或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。MISSWANGISTHEFIRSTTEACHERTHATTAUGHTMEENGLISHHEISTHELASTMANTHATIWANT他是我最不想见的人。HANGZHOUISTHEMOSTBEAUTIFULCITYTHATIHAVEEVERVISITED当先行词中既有人又有物时。WETALKEDABOUTTHEPERSONSANDTHINGSTHATWEREMEMBEREDATS精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创5/9CHOOL当主句是由WHO或WHICH开头的疑问句时。WHICHISTHEBOOKTHATWASWRITTENBYGUOJINGMINGWHOISTHEMURDERERTHATKILLEDTHEYOUNG,BRIGHTENGINEER下列情况不用关系代词THAT。介词之后用WHOM人或WHICH物。引导非限制性定语从句用WHO,WHOM,WHOSE人或WHICH物。当先行词为SOMETHING时，关系代词既可用THAT，也可用WHICH。PAINTINGISSOMETHINGTHAT/WHICHIREALLYENJOYDOINGWENEEDSOMETHINGTHAT/WHICHISOFUSETOUS特殊形式THEWAYYOUSPEAKTHEWAYTHATYOUSPEAKTHEWAYINWHICHYOUSPEAK关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词WHEN的用法当定语从句的先行词是时间名词，关系词在定语从句中作状语时用WHEN或介词WHICH，常用THETIMEWHEN；关系词在定语从句中作宾语时，用WHICH/THAT，并且可以省略。THISISTHEHOURWHENTHESTREETSAREFULLOFPEOPLESHESTILLREMEMBERSTHATDAYWHEN/ONWHICHSHEWASCHOSENA精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创6/9STHEHOSTESSOFTHECHARITYSHOWILLNEVERFORGETTHESUMMERHOLIDAYWHICH/THATISPENTINBEIJINGWITHMYPARENTS关系副词WHERE的用法当定语从句的先行词是地点名词，关系词在定语从句中作状语时用WHERE或介词WHICH，常用THEPLACEWHERE；关系词在定语从句中作宾语时用WHICH/THAT，并且可以省略。THISISTHEFACTORYWHERE/INWHICHMRSMITHWORKEDTENYEARSAGOTHISISTHEFACTORYWHICH/THATMRSMITHWORKEDINTENYEARSAGOTHISISTHETOWNWHEREHEGREWUP关系副词WHY的用法当定语从句的先行词是REASON时，关系副词用WHYFORWHICH，常用THEREASONWHY/FORWHICH。WEDONTKNOWTHEREASONWHYHEHASNTCOMEYETWEDONTKNOWTHEREASONFORWHICHHEHASNTCOMEYET限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的修饰成分，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义，这种定语从句与主句的关系十分密切，与主句之间不能用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句与主句关系不十分密切，只是对先行词精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创7/9作附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整。这种定语从句与主句之间往往用逗号分开，不用THAT引导。HEHASTWOSISTERS,WHOWORKASREPORTERS他有两个姐姐，她们是记者。他只有两个姐姐。MRSWANG,WHOTAUGHTMEENGLISH21YEARSAGO,ISLIVINGINBEIJINGNOWGLASS,WHICHBREAKSEASILY,SHOULDBEPUTSOFTLYTHEFILMASSEMBLY,WHICHWASDIRECTEDBYFENGXIAOGANG,WONANAWARDINBEIJINGSHEMARRIEDJOSEPH,WHICHSURPRISEDEVERYONE关系代词WHICH代替一个从句，而不仅是一个词HANGZHOUISAFAMOUSCITY,WHERETHEREISABEAUTIFULLAKE二【中考真题】1IWILLNEVERFORGETTHEBROKENHOUSEILIVEDTENYEARSAGO2006海南ATHATBWHICHCINWHICHDINWHERE2THEONLYTHINGHECOULDDOATTHATTIMEWASTOASKTHEPOLICEFORHELP2006甘肃ATHATBWHOCWHICHDAC3HAVEYOUTHESCIENTISTINVENTED1000THINGS2006盐城AHEARDFROMWHICHBHEARDOFWHOCHEARDTHATDLISTENEDWHO精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创8/94TOMISTHEONLYSTUDENTCOMESFROMTHEUSINOURCLASS2007上海ATHATBWHICHCWHODWHOM5ISTHISTHESCHOOLYOUSTUDIEDBEFORE2007青海ATHATBWHICHCWHEREDTHIS6MYPARENTSUSUALLYBUYMESOMESIMPLECLOTHESCANLASTALONGTIME2006吉林AWHOBTHATCWHOMDWHOSE7THEBOYLOSTHISBACKPACKHASTOBORROWBOOKSFROMHISTEACHERS2006福建AWHOBWHOSECWHICH8ROSELIKESMUSICISQUIETANDGENTLE200