冲裁件的工艺设计毕业课程设计外文文献翻译、中英文翻译、外文翻译

附录A英文TECHNOLOGICALDESIGNOFBLANKINGWORKPIECETHETECHNOLOGICALDESIGNOFTHEBLANKINGWORKPIECECONSISTSOFTHEANALYSISOFTHETECHNOLOGICALPROPERTIESANDTHEDETERMINATIONOFTHETECHNOLOGYSCHEMETHEEXCELLENTTECHNOLOGICALPROPERTIESOFTHEWORKPIECEANDREASONABLETECHNOLOGYSCHEMEWOULDCUTDOWNTHEMATERIALEXHAUSTED,OPERATIONNUMBERANDPRODUCTIONTIMEITWOULDALSOSIMPLIFYTHEDIECONSTRUCTIONANDINCREASETHEDIELIFE,THUSRESULTINGINREDUCINGTHEMANUALLABOURANDTHECOSTOFTHEWORKPIECETHELATTERTWOFACTORSARETHEMAININDEXESFORJUDGINGTHEDESIGNOFTHEBLANKINGPROCESS1CALULATIONOFBLANKINGFORCEANDMETHODSTODECREASEBLANKINGFORCE1CALCULATIONOFBLANKINGFORCETHEPURPOSEOFTHECALCULATIONOFTHEBLANKINGFORCEISTOCHOOSEASUITABLEPRESSMACHINE,TODESIGNTHEDIE,ANDTOCHECKTHEDIESTRENGTHTHETONCAPACITYOFTHEPRESSMACHINESHOULDBEHIGHERTHANTHEBLANKINGFORCE2HODSTODECREASEBLANKINGFORCEINPRACTICE,INORDERTOMEETTHEDEMANDOFTHEEQUIPMENTCONDITION,ANDTOREDUCEVIBRATIONANDNOISE,FOLLOWINGMETHODSAREUSEDTODECREASETHEBLANKINGFORCE1BLANKINGWITHHEATINTHESHEARINGSTRENGTHOFMATERIALCANBESIGNIFICANTLYDECREASEDWHENHEATED,SOTODECREASETHEBLANKINGFORCETHEDISADVANTAGEOFTHISMETHODISTHATALAYEROFOXIDEWOULDBEPRODUCEDONTHESURFACEOFTHEMATERIALAFTERHEATING,ANDTHEWORKINGCONDITIONGETTINGWORSECONSEQUENTLY,THISMETHODISONLYUSEDWITHTHICKPLATEORTHEWORKPIECEWITHOUTHIGHDEAMANDSONSUFACEQUALITYANDTOLERANCEGRAGE2MULTIPUNCHSTEPPEDBLANKINGIFTHEREISMORETHANONEPUNCHINBLANKING,THEBOTTOMSURFACEOFTHEPLUNCHEDGECANBEARRANGEDINSTEPSWHILEBLANKINGBYMULTIPUNCHWITHOUTSTEP,TOTALBLANKINGFORCEISTHESUMOFEACHPUNCHFORCEIFTHEPUNCHESAREARRANGEDINSTEPS,THEBLANKISPROCESSEDINSEQUENCE,THUSTHETOTALSHEARINGAREAANDTHETOTALBLANKINGFORCEATARBITRARYMOMENTISDECEASEDWHENTHEPUNCHESAREARRANGEDINSTEPS,THEFOLLOWINGDEMANDSSHOULDBETAKINGINMINDTHESTEPPEDPUNCHMUSTBEARRANGEDSYMMETRICALLYINORDERTOAVOIDECCENTRICLOADTOAVOIDEXTRUSIONFORCEINFLUENCECAUSEDBYMATERIALFLOWINGONSMALLPUNCHWHENPUNCHINGLARGEHOLE,ITISBETTERTOPUNCHLARGEHOLEFIRST,ANDTHENTHESMALLONEITISALSOCONDUCIVETODECREASETHELENGTHOFTHESMALLPUNCH3BLANKINGWITHINCLINEDEDGEDIETHEBOTTOMSURFACEOFTHEORDINARYDIEISAPLANE,WHICHISPERPENDICULARTOTHEDIEAXISWHENTHEBOTTOMSURFACEOFDIEISDESIGNEDINSLANTWITHCERTAININCLUDEDANGLETOTHEDIEAIXS,THEDIEDEGEPENETRATESINTOTHEBLANKGRADUALLY,SOTHESHEARINGAREAANDTHEBLANKINGFORCEASCOMPAREDWITHTHEFLATEDGEBLANKINGISREDUCEDATANYARBITRARYTIMETHEBLANKINGFORCECANBEDECREASEDFROM50TO75INORDERTOGETAFLATWORKPIECE,THEDIEEDGEISDESIGNEDASANINCLINEDPLANEFORBLANKINGONONTRARY,THEPUNCHEDGEISDESIGNEDASANINCLINEDPLANEFORPUNCHINGFORBLANKINGACURVEDSHAPEPART,AROUNDHEADPUNCHISUSUALLYUSEDBLANKINGWITHONESIDEDINCLINEDEDGEISONLYAPPLICABLEFORTHELANCINGWITHBENDINGWHENTHEPUNCHANDDIEISDESIGNEDWITHINCLINEDBLANKINGEDGE,THEINCLINEDEDGESHOULDBEARRANGEDSYMMETRICALLYINORDERTOPREVENTTHEEDGEDAMAGECAUSEDBYTHEOFFSETOFTHEPUNCHORDIEDUETOTHESIDEPRESSUREINONESIDEDIRECTIONTHEINCLINEDEDGEISINCONVENIENTFORWORKPIECEWITHCOMPLEXSHAPETHEFORCEREDUCTIONDEPENDSONTHEHEIGHTOFTHEINCLINEDEDGEANDTHEANGLESTHEMAINDISADVANTAGESOFTHEINCLINEDEDGEBLANKINGINCLUDETHEDIFFICULTIESINTHEDIEEDGEMANUFACTURINGANDREPAIRING,THEQUICKWEARINGOFTHEDIEEDGE,ANDTHEUNFLANTNESSOFTHEWORKPIECETHEREFORE,THISMETHODISONLYSUITABLEFORBLANKINGLARGEPARTORTHICKPLATE3CALCULATIONOFSTRIPPING,PUSHINGANDEJECTINGFORCESAFTERBLANKING,THEWORKPIECEORWAWTESEPARATEDFORMTHEBLANKMAYJAMINTHEDIECAVITYDUETOELASTICEXPANSIONINRADIALDIORECTIONMEANWHILE,THEHOLEREMAININGINTHEBLANKMAYHOOPONTHEPUNCHDUETOELASTICSHRINKINGINRADIALDIRECTIONTHEFORCETOSTRIPTHESHEETMETALHOOPAROUNDTHEPUNCHISCALLEDSTRIPPINGFORCEANDTHEFORCETHATPUSHESDOWNOREJECTUPTHESHEETMETALJAMMEDINTHEDIECAVITYISCALLEDPUSHINGOREJECTINGFORCE,RESPECTIVELYTHESTRIPPING,PUSHINGANDEJECTINGFORCESAREOBTAINEDBYUTILIZINGTHEPUSHINGANDEJECTINGDEVICESOFTHEPRESSASWELLASTHATOFTHEPUNCHANDDIEITISNECESSARYTOCALCULATETHESTRIPPING,PUSHINGANDEJECTINGFORCESBYCONSIDERINGTHEDIESTRUCTUREWHENSELECTINGTHEPRESSANDDESIGNINGTHEPUNCHANDDIETHEREAREMANYFACTORSINFLUENCETHESEFORCES,INCLUDINGTHEMECHANICPROPERTIESANDTHICKNESSOFTHEBLANK,THESHAPEANDDIMENSIONOFTHEWORKPIECE,THECLEARANCEBETWEENTHEPUNCHANDDIE,THESCRAPSIZEANDTHELUBRICATIONCONDITION2TECHNOLOGICALPROPERTIESANALYSISOFBLANKINGWORKPIECETHEANALYSISOFTHETECHNOLOGICALPROPERTIESOFBLANKINGWORKPIECEISTHEADAPTABILITYOFTHEBLANKINGWORKPIECETOBLANKINGPROCESS,NAMELY,WHETHERTHESHAPE,THEDIMENSIONANDTHETOLERANCEOFTHEBLANKINGWORKPIECEMEETTHEDEMANDOFTHEBLANKINGPROCESSORNOTWHETHERTHETECHNOLOGICALPROPERTIESOFTHEBLANKINGWORKPIECEISREASONABLEORNOT,HASAGREATINFLUENCEONTHEQUALITYOFTHEBLANKINGWORKPIECE,THEDIELIFEANDTHEPRODUCTIVITYTHEBLANKINGWORKPIECEMUSTMEETTHEFOLLOWINGDEMANDS1SHAPEOFTHEBLANKINGWORKPIECETHESHAPEOFTHEBLANKINGWORKPIECEMUSTBESIMPLEANDSYMMETRICAL,WITHLESSWASTEINBLANKLAYOUTIFONLYTHEDISTANCEBETWEENTHETHREEHOLESSHOULDBEKEPT,ANDTHEOUTERSHAPEOFTHEWORKPIECEISNOTSOIMPORTANT,THEWORKPIECECANBEREDESIGNEDTOADOPTBLANKLAYOUTWITHOUTWASTEWITHSUCHARRANGEMENT,THEMATERIALUTILIZATIONRATIOMAYINCREASEBY40MOREOVER,THEREARETWOWORKPIECESPRODUCEDINONEBLANKING,SOTHEBLANKINGPRODUCTIVITYISDOUBLEDANDTHEPRODUCTIONCOSTISDECREASEDOBVIOUSLYTHETECHNOLOGYPROPERTYOFTHEIMPROVEDBLANKINGWORKPIECE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模具寿命长，能稳定地获得合格的工件，因而可以减少劳动量和冲裁件的工艺成本。劳动量和工艺成本是衡量冲裁工艺设计的主要指标。1冲裁力的计算及降低冲裁力的方法（1）冲裁力的计算计算冲裁力的目的是为了选用合适的压机、设计模具和检验模具强度。压机的吨位必须大于所计算的冲裁力。（2）降低冲裁力的方法冲压生产中，由于设备条件以及减少振动、噪声的需要，可以采用以下几种常用方法降低冲裁力。1）加热冲裁。材料在加热状态下抗剪强度有明显下降，所以加热冲裁能降低冲裁力。这种冲裁方法的缺点是，材料加热后产生氧化皮，且因加热劳动条件差，只适用于厚板或工伯表面质量及公差等级要求不高的工作。2）多凸模阶梯布置冲裁。当冲裁模有多个凸模时，可将凸模刃口底平面呈阶梯布置。多凸模冲裁时，总冲裁力是每个凸模冲裁力的叠加，而凸模交款作阶梯形布置后，可以避免各个凸模冲裁力的最大值同时出现，减少了任意冲裁瞬时的剪切面面积，从而降低了冲裁力的峰值。在将多个凸模进行阶梯形布置时，需要注意以下几方面的要求阶梯形布置需要对称分布，防止偏载；为了避免冲大孔时材料流动的挤压力对小孔冲头的影响，阶梯形应安排先冲大孔、后冲小孔，这样也有利于减少小孔冲头的长度。3）斜刃口模具冲裁。普通模具刃口都是采用与模具轴线相垂直的平面形式。若将凸模（或凹模）刃口平面设计成与轴线倾斜一定的角度进行冲裁时，刃口逐步冲切材料，减少了每一瞬时的剪切面积，从而降低了冲裁力。与平刃冲裁相比，斜刃冲裁的冲裁力可以降低5075。为了制取平整的零件，落料时，将凹模设计为斜刃。冲孔时，则相反。冲裁弯曲状工件时，采用有圆头的凸模。单边斜刃冲裁，只适用于折弯的切口。设计斜刃模具时，应注意将斜刃作对称布置，以免冲裁时承受单向侧压力而发生偏移，啃坏刃口。轮廓复杂的工件，不宜采用斜刃。斜刃冲模的减力程度由斜刃高度和角度决定。采用斜刃模具的主要缺点是刃口制造与修磨比较复杂，刃口极易磨损，工件不够平整，因此一般情况下尽量不用，只用于大型工件及厚料裁。（3）卸料力、推件力与顶件力的计算当冲裁工作完成后，从板料上冲裁下来的工件（或废料）由于径向发生弹性变形而扩张，会卡在凹模模腔内；同时，在板料上冲裁出的孔径则沿着径向发生弹性收缩，会紧箍在凸模上。为了将紧箍在凸模上的板料卸下来所需要的力称为卸料力；将卡在凹模中的板料推出或顶出所需的力分别称为推件力与顶件力。卸料力、推件力与顶件力是同压机和模具的卸料、顶件装置获得的。在选择压机吨位和设计模具时，要根据模具结构来考虑卸料力、推件力与顶件力的大小，并作必要的计算。影响这些力的因素很多，主要有材料的机械性能和厚度，工件形状和尺寸大小，凸、凹模间隙，排样的搭边大小及润滑情况。2冲裁件的工艺性分析冲裁件的工艺性，是指冲裁件对冲裁工艺的适应性，即冲裁件的形状结构、尺寸大小及偏差等是否符合冲裁加工的工艺要求。冲裁件的工艺性是否合理，对冲裁件的质量、模具寿命和生产率有很大的影响。冲裁件应满足如下要求（1）冲裁件的形状冲裁件的形状应尽可能简单、对称、排样废料少。如果工件上只是三个供装配用的孔要求有准确的位置，而外形无关紧要，此时便能采用无废料排样，可使材料利用率提高40，而且一次能冲出两个工件，生产率提高一倍，降低了工件成本。因此，改进后的冲裁件的工艺性比原工件的工艺性好。（2）冲裁件的圆角除在少、无废料排样或采用镶拼模结构时，允许工件有尖锐的清角外，冲裁件的外形或内孔的交角处，应避免尖锐的清角，其交