中英文翻译--起重机的工作需要更多的科学技术.doc

CraneWorkNeedsMoreT马棚网CraneWorkNeedsMoreTechniqueAbstractCraneworkneedsmoretechnology.Constructionoftowercranesarethemainverticaltransportationequipmentandalsoameasureofconstructioncompaniesandequipmentstrengthoftheimportantlogo,intodaysincreasinglycompetitiveconstructionmarket,tomeettheconstructionneedsofmanyconstructioncompanieshaveboughtthetowercrane.Withthetowercraneattheconstructionsiteofthewidelyusedbythetowercraneaccidentalsocausedmoreandmoretopeopleslivesandpropertybroughtaboutgreatlosses.Accordingtonationalstatistics,thedepartmentsconcerned,thetowercraneaccidentratereached2.77percent.ItssecurityproblemisstilltheurgencyoftheconstructionLoosetraining,testingandoversightrequirementsforthepeoplewhoworkaroundconstructioncraneshavefosteredafalsesenseofsecurityinourindustry.Therecentdeadlytower-cranecollapseatacongestedNewYorkCitybuildingsiteshouldbeawake-upcallforustoquestionandstepupourcurrentsafetypractices.Trainingandtestingiskingwhenitcomestosafety.Buttheconstructionindustryisputtingunqualifiedpersonnelintheseatsofconstructioncranes,evenwithtodaystesting.Inmanyplaces,noexperienceisnecessaryafterpassingastandardizedtest.Oneweekofstudywillgivesomepeopleenoughknowledgetopassacertificationexamination,andthentheycanjumpintothecabofacrane.Imaginethatacommercialairlinepilothadthesametrainingasacertifiedcraneoperator.Howwouldyoufeelthenexttimeyoudecidedtofly?InCalifornia,ittakesmorehoursoftrainingtowieldapairofscissorsinahairsalonthantooperatepotentiallydangerousliftingmachinery.Howdoesthismakesense?Riggersandsignalpersonsalsoneedstandardtrainingandtestingtoensuresafetyunderthehook.Employersusuallyallowanycrafttosignalacraneonajobsite,despitebestpracticesthatrequireonlyqualifiedpeopledoso.Howisitthenthatuncertifiedanduntrainedpeopleareallowedtosignalandrigunderthehookofalicensedorcertifiedoperator?Towercranesareparticularlyriskyasurbansitesbecomemorecongested,andtheriskofacatastrophiceventisveryhighduringclimbingoperations.Yetmosttower-craneclimbingcrewsaretrainedinanon-traditionalmanner,viasecondhandknowledgethathasbeenpasseddownovertime.Theproblemwiththistypeofhand-me-downknowledgeisthatitchangesovertheyears,leavingoutsmall-but-importantdetailsalongtheway.Thisosmosisofknowledgeleadscrewstodeveloptheirowntricksforclimbingcranes,oftenforsakingbasicsafetyinanattempttosavetimeandenergy.Inmanycases,therearenosafetydevicesoralarmstowarnofaseriousproblem.Climbingcrewsaresubjectedtopressuresthataffectsafety-criticaldecision-making.Itisnotuncommonforclimbstocontinuewithdamagedorleakinghydraulicsystems,out-of-adjustmentorjammedguiderollers,oftenworkinginthedarkandforextendedhours.ThisMacGyvermethodofclimbing,whereeveryjumpbecomesanewadventure,shouldnotbethenorm.Climbing-framedesignsvaryamongmanufacturers,buttheoperationalstepsaresimilarinprinciple.Theclimbingprocessisrelativelystraightforward,withamixtureofphysicalworkandtechnicalprocedure.Itisnotcomplex；itismoreaboutknowingthepropersequenceofwhatneedstobedoneandthenfollowingthesteps,onebyone,makingsureeachstephasbeensuccessfullycompletedbeforemovingontothenext.Itisessentialthateveryoneknowexactlywhatisgoingonandwhatthedangersareateverystage.Thatswhytheindustryneedsstandardizedtraining,testingandoversightforthiswork,includingapracticalassessmentofcompetence.Techniciansshouldhavemodel-specifictrainingdirectlyfromthemanufacturer,alongwithalevelofpracticalexperience.Inspectors,too,shouldberequiredtohavespecifictechnicaltraining.Theyshouldbeindependentfromallaspectsofinstallationandmaintenancetoallowforobjectivedecisions.Keypersonnelonerectioncrewsshouldhavestandardtrainingandtesting.Whentheseneedsaresatisfied,craneoperationsshouldbecarriedoutinstrictaccordancewiththemanufacturersinstructions,engineeringprincipalsandgovernmentallaws.Butindustrystakeholdersandlawmakersneedtostepuptheirlaxstandardstoprotectthepublic.NewYorkCityresidents,whohaveseentheirhomesturnedintodustanddebris,wouldbeshockedatthewaytheindustrydealswiththeseissues.起重机的工作需要更多的科学技术摘要塔式起重机是建筑施工垂直运输的主要设备，也是衡量一个建筑施工企业装备实力的重要标识，在当今竞争日益激烈的建筑市场，为满足施工需要，很多施工企业都购置了塔式起重机。随着塔式起重机在施工现场的广泛使用，由塔式起重机引发的伤亡事故也越来越多，给人民的生命财产带来重大损失。据国内有关部门统计资料表明，塔式起重机的事故率已达2.77%。其安全问题仍然是建筑施工中的忧患起重机的工作需要更多的科学技术松散的培训，测试和监督的要求,周围的建筑起重机给这些工作的人树立了一种虚假的安全感，在我们的行业。最近塔式起重机倒塌在一个繁忙的纽约市建筑地盘应敲响警钟，提醒我们问题的存在，并加强我们目前安全的做法。当谈到安全问题时，训练和测试是关键。不过，建造业是把不合格人员放在建筑起重机的驾驶位上，甚至没有通过今天的测试。在许多地方，没有任何经验必须合格的通过标准化的测试。一周的学习将给予一些人足够的知识足以通过认证考试，然后他们可以跳转到的起重机的驾驶室。想象一下一个商业航空公司飞行员和一个认证的起重机操作员有相同的训练。你会如何感觉，下一次你决定要坐飞机？在加利福尼亚州，掌握一对剪刀在头发沙龙比操作有潜在危险的起重机械需要更多的时间训练。如何，这是否合理？装配工人和发信号的