朗文英语听说教程二听力原文

LECTUREAUDIOSCRIPTSUNIT1WHATSINANAMETEACHERGOODMORNING,EVERYBODYGOODMORNING,FELIPE,MONICA,THEO,ANDICANTREMEMBERYOURNAMESTUDENT1PATRICIATEACHERPATRICIA,RIGHT,PATRICIATHOSEAREALLBEAUTIFULNAMES,ANDTHATSOURTOPICTODAYNAMESNAMESAREACULTUREUNIVERSALTHISMEANSEVERYONEUSESNAMESAPERSONSNAMECANTELLUSABITABOUTAPERSONSFAMILYTODAY,WELLBEGINBYLOOKINGATFIRSTNAMESANDHOWPEOPLECHOOSENAMESFORTHEIRCHILDRENANDTHENWELLTALKABOUTFAMILYNAMES,ANDLOOKATTHEDIFFERENTCATEGORIESOFFAMILYNAMESALTHOUGHTHESCOPEOFTHELECTURETODAYISENGLISHLANGUAGENAMES,WECANUSETHESAMEAPPROACH,YOUKNOW,TOLOOKATNAMESFROMANYCULTURELETSTAKEABRIEFLOOKATFIRST,ORGIVENNAMESTHEREARESEVERALWAYSPARENTSCHOOSETHEFIRSTNAMEFORTHEIRCHILDTHEFIRSTWAYISBYFAMILYHISTORYPARENTSMAYCHOOSEANAMEBECAUSEITISPASSEDFROMGENERATIONTOGENERATIONFOREXAMPLE,THEFIRSTBORNSONMIGHTBENAMEDAFTERHISFATHERORGRANDFATHERALTHOUGHFAMILYNAMESAREALSOPASSEDTODAUGHTERS,ITISUSUALLYASAMIDDLENAMEADDING“JUNIOR“OR“THESECOND“FOREXAMPLE,WILLIAMPARKERTHESECONDSONLYDONEWITHBOYS,NOTWITHGIRLSNAMESTHESECONDWAYPARENTSCHOOSEANAMEISAFTERAFAMILYMEMBERORFRIENDWHOHASDIEDRECENTLY,ORAFTERSOMEONE“THEYADMIRE,LIKEAWELLKNOWNLEADERORAFAMOUSMUSICIANALTHOUGHMOSTENGLISHFIRSTNAMESMEANSOMETHING,FOREXAMPLE,“RICHARD“MEANSPOWERFULAND“ANN“MEANSGRACE,NOWADAYSMEANINGISNOTTHEMAINREASONPEOPLESELECTTHEIRBABYSNAMETHETHIRDWAYISTOPROVIDEA“PUSH“FORTHECHILDPARENTSWANTTOCHOOSEANAMETHATSOUNDSVERY“SUCCESSFUL“ASTRONGNAMEMIGHTHELPTHEMINTHEBUSINESSWORLD,FOREXAMPLEORTHEYMIGHTCHOOSEANAMETHATWORKSFOREITHERGENDER,LIKETAYLORORTERRYSO,GIVENTHESETHREEMETHODS,WHATISTHEMOSTCOMMONWAYPARENTSCHOOSEANAMEMANYPARENTSCHOOSEANAMESIMPLYBECAUSETHEYLIKEIT,ORBECAUSEITSFASHIONABLEORCLASSICFASHIONSINNAMESCHANGEJUSTASTHEYDOINCLOTHESONEHUNDREDYEARSAGO,MANYNAMESCAMEFROMTHEBIBLENAMESSUCHASDANIEL,ANDANNA,ANDHANNAHANDMATTHEWTHENFIFTYYEARSAGO,BIBLICALNAMESWENTOUTOFFASHIONNOWADAYS,NAMESFROMTHEBIBLEAREBECOMINGPOPULARAGAINSIMILARLY,PARENTSOFTENCHOOSECLASSICNAMES,NAMESTHATWEREPOPULARIN1900,1950,ANDARESTILLPOPULARNOWCLASSICNAMESFORBOYSINCLUDETHOMAS,DAVID,ROBERT,ANDMICHAELANDFORGIRLSANNA,ELIZABETH,EMILY,ANDKATHERINE,JUSTTONAMEAFEWTHEYRECLASSICTHEYNEVERGOOUTOFSTYLELETSLOOKATTHEORIGINOFLASTNAMES,ALSOCALLEDFAMILYNAMESORSURNAMESRESEARCHERSHAVESTUDIEDTHOUSANDSOFLASTNAMES,ANDTHEYVEDIVIDEDTHEMINTOFOURCATEGORIESTHECATEGORIESAREPLACENAMES,PATRONYMICS,ADDEDNAMES,ANDOCCUPATIONALNAMESARECENTSURVEYSHOWEDTHATOFTHE7,000MOSTPOPULARNAMESINTHEUNITEDSTATESTODAY,43PERCENTWEREPLACENAMES,32PERCENTWEREPATRONYMICS,15PERCENTWEREOCCUPATIONALNAMES,AND9PERCENTWEREADDEDNAMESTHEFIRSTCATEGORYISPLACENAMESPLACENAMESUSUALLYIDENTIFIEDWHEREAPERSONLIVEDORWORKEDSOMEONENAMEDJOHNHILLLIVEDNEARAHILL,FOREXAMPLE,ANDTHERIVERSFAMILYLIVEDNEARARIVERIFYOUHEARTHENAMEEMMABRIDGES,WHATIMAGEDOYOUSEEDOYOUSEEAFAMILYTHATLIVESNEARABRIDGEIFYOUDO,YOUGETTHEIDEATHESECONDCATEGORYISPATRONYMICSTHATSPATRONYMICSAPATRONYMICISTHEFATHERSNAME,PLUSANENDINGLIKESENORSONTHEENDINGMEANSTHATACHILD,ABOY,ISTHESONOFHISFATHERTHENAMESROBERTSON,PETERSEN,ANDWILSONAREPATRONYMICSROBERTSONISSONOFROBERT,PETERSENISSONOFPETER,ANDSOONTHETHIRDCATEGORYISADDEDNAMESLINGUISTSSOMETIMESCALLTHISCATEGORY“NICKNAMES,“BUTWHENMOSTOFUSHEARTHEWORD“NICKNAME,“WETHINKOFASPECIALNAMEAFRIENDORAPARENTMIGHTUSETHEWORD“NICKNAME“ISACTUALLYANOLDENGLISHWORDTHATMEANSANADDITIONALNAME,ANADDEDNAMESOILLUSETHETERM“ADDEDNAME“THISCATEGORYOFLASTNAMESISFUNBECAUSETHENAMESUSUALLYDESCRIBEDAPERSONREED,BALDWIN,ANDBIGGSAREEXAMPLESREEDWASFROM“RED“FORREDHAIRBALDWINWASSOMEONEWHOWASBALD,SOMEONEWHOHADLITTLEORNOHAIRANDBIGGSSTUDENT2SOMEONEBIGTEACHERYEAH,SOMEONEBIG,RIGHTNOW,IFWELOOKAROUNDTHEROOM,WECOULDPROBABLYCOMEUPWITHSOMENEWLASTNAMES,LIKE,UHCURLYORSTRONGNOW,THEFOURTHCATEGORYISOCCUPATIONALNAMESTHEORIGINOFTHEFAMILYNAMEWASTHEPERSONSOCCUPATIONTHEMOSTCOMMONEXAMPLESOFOCCUPATIONALNAMESSTILLUSEDTODAYAREBAKERSOMEONEWHOBAKESBREADTAILORSOMEONEWHOSEWSCLOTHESMILLERSOMEONEWHOMAKESFLOURFORBREAD,ANDSMITHNOW,SMITHISACTUALLYTHEMOSTCOMMONNAMEINTHEWESTERNENGLISHSPEAKINGWORLDTHENAMECOMESFROMANOLDENGLISHWORD,SMITE,THATSSMITE,WHICHMEANSTOHITORSTRIKEINTHEOLDDAYS,ASMITHMADEMETALTHINGSFORDAILYLIFE,LIKETOOLSEVERYTOWNNEEDEDSMITHSWHATSINTERESTINGISTHATMANYLANGUAGESHAVEAFAMILYNAMETHATMEANSSMITHINARABICITISHADDAD,HADDADINSPANISHITISHERRERA,HERRERAINITALIANITISFERRARO,FERRAROANDINGERMANITISSCHMIDT,SPELLEDSCHMIDTALLTHESENAMESMEANSMITHTHOUGHNAMESMAYTELLUSSOMETHINGABOUTSOMEONESFAMILYHISTORY,YOUNEEDTOKEEPINMINDTHATTHEYMAYNOTTELLUSMUCHATALLABOUTTHEPRESENTFOREXAMPLE,THERESUSUALLYNOTMUCHCONNECTIONBETWEENTHEORIGINOFTHENAMEANDTHEPERSONWHOHASITNOWTAKETHENAMECOOK,FORINSTANCEAPERSONNAMEDCOOKTODAYPROBABLYDOESNTCOOKFORALIVINGALSO,MANYPEOPLECHANGETHEIRNAMESFORVARIOUSREASONSLOTSOFPEOPLEWHOHAVEMOVEDTOTHEUNITEDSTATESHAVECHANGEDTHEIRNAMESTOSOUNDMOREAMERICANTHISHAPPENSLESSNOWTHANINTHEPAST,BUTPEOPLESTILLDOITPEOPLEALSOUSEPENNAMESORSTAGENAMESTOGIVETHEMSELVESAPROFESSIONALADVANTAGEFOREXAMPLE,THEWRITERSAMUELCLEMENSUSEDTHEPENNAMEMARKTWAIN,ANDTHOMASMAPOTHERIVUSESTHESTAGENAMETOMCRUISEYSO,LETSRECAPNOWINTODAYSLESSON,WELOOKEDATHOWPARENTSCHOOSEENGLISHFIRSTNAMESWEALSOLOOKEDATSOMECOMMONORIGINSOFFAMILYNA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