齿轮机构中英文翻译、外文文献翻译

翻译部分英文原文GEARMECHANISMSGEARMECHANISMSAREUSEDFORTRANSMITTINGMOTIONANDPOWERFROMONESHAFTTOANOTHERBYMEANSOFTHEPOSITIVECONTACTOFSUCCESSIVELYENGAGINGTEETHINABOUT2,600BC,CHINESEAREKNOWNTOHAVEUSEDACHARIOTINCORPORATINGACOMPLEXSERIESOFGEARSLIKETHOSEILLUSTRATEDINFIG27ARISTOTLE,INTHEFOURTHCENTURYBCWROTEOFGEARSASIFTHEYWERECOMMONPLACEINTHEFIFTEENTHCENTURYAD,LEONARDODAVINCIDESIGNEDAMULTITUDEOFDEVICESINCORPORATINGMANYKINDSOFGEARSINCOMPARISONWITHBELTANDCHAINDRIVES,GEARDRIVESAREMORECOMPACT,CANOPERATEATHIGHSPEEDS,ANDCANBEUSEDWHEREPRECISETIMINGISDESIREDTHETRANSMISSIONEFFICIENCYOFGEARSISASHIGHAS98PERCENTONTHEOTHERHAND,GEARSAREUSUALLYMORECOSTLYANDREQUIREMOREATTENTIONTOLUBRICATION,CLEANLINESS,SHAFTALIGNMENT,ETC,ANDUSUALLYOPERATEINACLOSEDCASEWITHPROVISIONFORPROPERLUBRICATIONGEARMECHANISMSCANBEDIVIDEDINTOPLANARGEARMECHANISMSANDSPATIALGEARMECHANISMSPLANARGEARMECHANISMSAREUSEDTOTRANSMITMOTIONANDSPATIALGEARMECHANISMSPLANARGEARMECHANISMSAREUSEDTOTRANSMITMOTIONANDPOWERBETWEENPARALLELSHAFTS,ANDSPATIALGEARMECHANISMSBETWEENNONPARALLELSHAFTSTYPESOFGEARS1SPURGEARSTHESPURGEARHASACYLINDRICALPITCHSURFACEANDHASSTRAIGHTTEETHPARALLELTOITSAXISASSHOWNINFIG28THEYAREUSEDTOTRANSMITMOTIONANDPOWERBETWEENPARALLELSHAFTSTHETOOTHSURFACESOFSPURGEARSCONTACTONASTRAIGHTLINEPARALLELTOTHEAXESOFGEARSTHISIMPLIESTHATTOOTHPROFILESGOINTOANDOUTOFCONTACTALONGTHEWHOLEFACEWIDTHATTHESAMETIMETHISWILLTHEREFORERESULTINTHESUDDENLOADINGANDSUDDENUNLOADINGONTEETHASPROFILESGOINTOANDOUTOFCONTACTASARESULT,VIBRATIONANDNOISEAREPRODUCED2HELICALGEARSTHESEGEARSHAVETHEIRTOOTHELEMENTSATANANGLEORHELIXTOTHEAXISOFTHEGEARFIG29THETOOTHSURFACESOFTWOENGAGINGHELICALGEARSINNPLANARGEARMECHANISMSCONTACTONASTRAIGHTLINEINCLINEDTOTHEAXESOFTHEGEARSTHELENGTHOFTHECONTACTLINECHANGESGRADUALLYFROMZEROTOMAXIMUMANDTHENFROMMAXIMUMTOZEROTHELOADINGANDUNLOADINGOFTHETEETHBECOMEGRADUALANDSMOOTHHELICALGEARSMAYBEUSEDTOTRANSMITMOTIONANDPOWERBETWEENPARALLELSHAFTSFIG29AORSHAFTSATANANGLETOEACHOTHERFIG29DAHERRINGBONEGEARFIG29CISEQUIVALENTTOARIGHTHANDANDALEFTHANDHELICALGEARPLACEDSIDEBYSIDEBECAUSEOFTHEANGLEOFTHETOOTH,HELICALGEARSCREATECONSIDERABLESIDETHRUSTONTHESHAFTAHERRINGBONEGEARCORRECTSTHISTHRUSTBYNEUTRALIZINGIT,ALLOWINGTHEUSEOFASMALLTHRUSTBEARINGINSTEADOFALARGEONEANDPERHAPSELIMINATINGONEALTOGETHEROFTENACENTRALGROOVEISMADEAROUNDTHEGEARFOREASEINMACHINING3BEVELGARSTHETEETHOFABEVELGEARAREDISTRIBUTEDONTHEFRUSTUMOFACONETHECORRESPONDINGPITCHCYLINDERINCYLINDRICALGEARSBECOMESPITCHCONETHEDIMENSIONSOFTEETHONDIFFERENTTRANSVERSEPLANESAREDIFFERENTFORCONVENIENCE,PARAMETERSANDDIMENSIONSATTHELARGEENDARETAKENTOBESTANDARDVALUESBEVELGEARSAREUSEDTOCONNECTSHAFTSWHICHARENOTPARALLELTOEACHOTHERUSUALLYTHESHAFTSARE90DEGTOEACHOTHER,BUTMAYBEMOREORLESSTHAN90DEGTHETWOMATINGGEARSMAYHAVETHESAMENUMBEROFTEETHFORTHEPURPOSEOFCHANGINGDIRECTIONOFMOTIONONLY,ORTHEYMAYHAVEADIFFERENTNUMBEROFTEETHFORTHEPURPOSEOFCHANGINGBOTHSPEEDANDDIRECTIONTHETOOTHELEMENTSMAYBESTRAIGHTORSPIRAL,SOTHATWEHAVEPLAINANDSPIRALBEVELGEARSHYPOIDCOMESFROMTHEWORDHYPERBOLOIDANDINDICATESTHESURFACEONWHICHTHETOOTHFACELIESHYPOIDGEARSARESIMILARTOBEVELGEARS,BUTTHETWOSHAFTSDONOTINTERSECTTHETEETHARECURVED,ANDBECAUSEOFTHENONINTERSECTIONOFTHESHAFTS,BEARINGSCANBEPLACEDONEACHSIDEOFEACHGEARTHEPRINCIPALUSEOFTHIDTYPEOFGEARISINAUTOMOBILEREARENDSFORTHEPURPOSEOFLOWERINGTHEDRIVESHAFT,ANDTHUSTHECARFLOOR4WORMANDWORMGEARSWORMGEARDRIVESAREUSEDTOTRANSMITMOTIONANDOWERBETWEENNONINTERSECTINGANDNONPARALLELSHAFTS,USUALLYCROSSINGATARIGHTANGLE,ESPECIALLYWHEREITISDESIREDTOOBTAINHIGHGEARREDUCTIONINALIMITEDSPACEWORMSAREAKINDOFSCREW,USUALLYRIGHTHANDEDFORCONVENIENCEOFCUTTING,ORLEFTHANDEDITNECESSARYACCORDINGTOTHEENVELOPINGTYPE,WORMSCANBEDIVIDEDINTOSINGLEANDDOUBLEENVELOPINGWORMSAREUSUALLYDRIVERSTOREDUCETHESPEEDIFNOTSELFLOCKING,AWORMGEARCANALSOBETHEDRIVERINASOCALLEDBACKDRIVINGMECHANISMTOINCREASETHESPEEDTWOTHINGSCHARACTERIZEWORMGEARINGALARGEVELOCITYRATIOS,ANDBHIGHSLIDINGVELOCITIESTHELATTERMEANSTHATHEATGENERATIONANDPOWERTRANSMISSIONEFFICIENCYAREOFGREATERCONCERNTHANWITHOTHERTYPESOFGEARS5RACKSARACKISAGEARWITHANINFINITERADIUS,ORAGEARWITHITSPERIMETERSTRETCHEDOUTINTOASTRAIGHTLINEITISUSEDTOCHANGERECIPROCATINGMOTIONTOROTARYMOTIONORVICEVERSAALATHERACKANDPINIONISGOODEXAMPLEOFTHISMECHANISMGEOMETRYOFGEARTOOTHTHEBASICREQUIREMENTOFGEARTOOTHGEOMETRYISTHEPROVISIONOFANGULARVELOCITYRATIONSTHATAREEXACTLYCONSTANTOFCOURSE,MANUFACTURINGINACCURACIESANDTOOTHDEFLECTIONSWELLCAUSESLIGHTDEVIATIONSINVELOCITYRATIOBUTACCEPTABLETOOTHPROFILESAREBASEDONTHEORETICALCURVESTHATMEETTHISCRITERIONTHEACTIONOFAPAIROFGEARTEETHSATISFYINGTHISREQUIREMENTISTERMEDCONJUGATEGEARTOOTHACTION,ANDISILLUSTRATEDINFIG212THEBASICLAWOFCONJUGATEGEARTOOTHACTIONSTATESTHATASTHEGEARSROTATE,THECOMMONNORMALTOTHESURFACESATTHEPOINTOFCONTACTMUSTALWAYSINTERSECTTHELINEOFCENTERSATTHESAMEPOINTPCALLEDTHEPITCHPOINTTHELAWOFCONJUGATEGEARTOOTHCANBESATISFIEDBYVARIOUSTOOTHSHAPES,BUTTHEONLYONEOFCURRENTIMPORTANCEISTHEINVOLUTE,OR,MOREPRECISELY,THEINVOLUTEOFTHECIRCLEITSLASTIMPORTANTCOMPETITORWASTHECYCLOIDALSHAPE,USEDINTHEGEARSOFMODELTFORDTRANSMISSIONSANINVOLUTEOFTHECIRCLEISTHECURVEGENERATEDBYANYPOINTONATAUTTHREADASITU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