有机化学汪小兰第四版课后习题答案(一至十八章)

HNCL11第一章绪论离子键化合物共价键化合物熔沸点高低溶解度溶于强极性溶剂溶于弱或非极性溶剂硬度高低12NACL与KBR各1MOL与NABR及KCL各1MOL溶于水中所得溶液相同。因为两者溶液中均为NA,K,BR,CL离子各1MOL。由于CH4与CCL4及CHCL3与CH3CL在水中是以分子状态存在，所以是两组不同的混合物。13C624H11YYYC1S2S2P2P2PYHXZZ2PXXZ2PYXXZ2PZ2SCH4中C中有4个电子与氢成键为SP3杂化轨道,正四面体结构H14CH4SP3杂化CHHHHAHCCH或HCCHBCHCCLHDHSHHHHHHOOOHOHHEHONFGHOPOH或HOPOHHHCCHOHCHOOHHHHOO15IHCCHJCLHOSOH或OHHOSOHOBCHBRDECCOFOHCLCLHCLH3CHH3CCH316电负性OS,H2O与H2S相比，H2O有较强的偶极作用及氢键。C第二章饱和脂肪烃21A2,4,4三甲基正丁基壬烷BUTYL2,4,4TRIMETHYLNONANEB正己烷HEXANEC3,3二乙基戊烷3,3DIETHYLPENTANED3甲基异丙基辛烷ISOPROPYL3METHYLOCTANEE甲基丙烷（异丁烷）METHYLPROPANEISOBUTANEF2,2二甲基丙烷（新戊烷）2,2DIMETHYLPROPANENEOPENTANEG3甲基戊烷METHYLPENTANEH甲基乙基庚烷5ETHYL2METHYLHEPTANE22ABDE为2,3,5三甲基己烷CF为2,3,4,5四甲基己烷23A错，应为2,2二甲基丁烷CBCDEF错，应为2,3,3三甲基戊烷G错，应为2,3,5三甲基庚烷H25CBEAD26CLCL3种12327A是共同的28BRBRBRCLBRHBRHBRABHHDHH210HHHHHHHHHHBRBR这个化合物为211稳定性CAB第三章不饱和脂肪烃31用系统命名法命名下列化合物A2乙基丁烯ETHYL1BUTENEB2丙基己烯PROPYL1HEXENEC3,5二甲基庚烯3,5DIMETHYL3HEPTENED2,5二甲基己烯2,5DIMETHYL2HEXENE32CAB错，应为1丁烯CDEF错，应为2,3二甲基戊烯GH错，应为2甲基3乙基己烯34下列烯烃哪个有顺、反异构写出顺、反异构体的构型，并命名。答案C,D,E,F有顺反异构CC2H5CHCH2ICHHCC2H5CH2IDCHH3CCHCHCH32CHH3CCHHCCHCH32Z1碘2戊烯E1碘2戊烯Z4甲基2戊烯HE4甲基2戊烯HEHHH3CHFCCCHCH3CCCCH2CCHHCH2H3C25CCHZ1,3戊二烯E1,3戊二烯HH2Z,4Z2,4庚二烯HHCCHH3CCCH3CHCCHCCC2H5H3CHCCHHCCHC2H52Z,4E2,4庚二烯HH2E,4Z2,4庚二烯HC2H52E,4E2,4庚二烯35完成下列反应式，写出产物或所需试剂ACH3CH2CHCH2H2SO4CH3CH2CHCH3OSO2OHHBRCH32CCH2CH3BCH32CCHCH3CCH3CH2CHCH21BH32H2O2,OHBRCH3CH2CH2CH2OHH2O/HCHCHCHCHDCH3CH2CHCH21O3323OHECH32CCHCH2CH32ZN,H2OCH3COCH3CH3CH2CHOFCH2CHCH2OHCL2/H2OCLCH2CHCH2OHOH36371己烯正己烷BR2/CCL4ORKMNO4无反应褪色正己烷1己烯CH3CHCHCH3CH2CHCH2CH3或38将下列碳正离子按稳定性由大至小排列CH3CH3CH3CH3H3CCCHCH3H3CCCHCH3H3CCCH2CH239写出下列反应的转化过程CH3CH3H3CH3CCCHCH2CH2CH2CHCCH3HCH3H3CH3CCCH2CH2CH2CH2CHCCH3CH3310_HHOR311A4甲基己炔METHYL2HEXYNEB2,2,7,7四甲基3,5辛二炔2,2,7,7TETRAMETHYL3,5OCTADIYNEC313AHCCHHDLINDLARCHCH2CCH2BHCCHNI/H2CHCH2CATH2SO433HGCL2CHCCHH2OHGSO4CH3CHODHCCHHCLBRCH2CHCLEH3CCCHHGBR2HBRCH3CCH2BRHBRCH3CBRCH3FH3CCCHBR2CH3CCHBRBRGH3CCCHH2OH2SO4HGSO4CH3COCH3HH3CCCHHBRHGBR2CH3CCH2BRLINDLARHBRI314H3CCCHH2CATCH3CHCH2CH32CHBR32232322A正庚烷1,4庚二烯1庚炔AGNH32灰白色无反应1庚炔正庚烷1,4庚二烯BR2/CCL4褪色无反应1,4庚二烯正庚烷B2甲基戊烷2己炔1己炔315AGNH32灰白色无反应1己炔2甲基戊烷2己炔BR2/CCL4褪色无反应2己炔2甲基戊烷ACHCHCHCCHHCLCL过量CH3CH2CH2CCLCH3HBCH3CH2CCCH3KMNO4CH3CH2COOHCH3COOHCCHCHCCCHHOH2SO43232HGSO4CH3CH2CH2COCH3CH3CH2COCH2CH3DCH2CHCHCH2CH2CHCHOCHOECH3CH2CCHHCNCH3CH2CCH2CN316CH3CHCH2CCHH3C317AH3CCH2CH2CH2CCHBCH3CHCHCHCHCH3318CH2CHCHCH2HBRCHCHCHCHBRCH3CHCHCH2BRCH2CHCHCH22HBRCH3CHCHCH3CH3CHCH2CH2BRBRBRBRCH2CHCH2CHCH2HBRCHCHCHCHCHBRCH2CHCH2CHCH22HBRCH3CHBRCH2CHBRCH341C5H10不饱和度1第四章环烃A环戊烷B1甲基环丁烷CYCLOPENTANE1METHYLCYCLOBUTANEC顺1,2二甲基环丙烷CIS1,2DIMETHYLCYCLOPROPANED反1,2二甲基环丙烷TRANS1,2DIMETHYLLCYCLOPROPANEE1,1二甲基环丙烷1,1DIMETHYLCYCLOPROPANEF乙基环丙烷ETHYLCYCLOPROPANE43A1,1二氯环庚烷1,1DICHLOROCYCLOHEPTANEB2,6二甲基萘2,6DIMETHYLNAPHTHALENEC1甲基异丙基1,4环己二烯1ISOPROPYL4METHYL1,4CYCLOHEXADIENED对异丙基甲苯PISOPROPYLTOLUENEE氯苯磺酸CHLOROBENZENESULFONICACIDCH3CLF2CHLORO4NITROTOLUENEGNO22,3DIMETHYL1PHENYL1PENTENECH3CH3HCIS1,3DIMETHYLCYCLOPENTANE44完成下列反应CH3CH3AHBRBRBCL2CCL2CH2CH3高温CLCLCLCLCLBRC2H5DBR2FEBR3BRC2H5ECHCH32CL2CL高温CCH32CH3OO3FZNPOWDER,H2OCHOCH3GH2SO4H2O,CH3OHHCH2CL2CH3ALCL3CH2CH3CH3NO2IHNO3NO2JKMNO4HCOOHK45CHCH2CL2CHCH2CLCL1246CH3CH3CH3BR2FEBR3CH3BRCH3CH3CH3CH3CH3BRCH3BR2FEBR3CH3BRBRCH3CH3BR2FEBR3CH3BRCH347B,D有芳香性48CH32AAB1,3环己二烯苯AGNH3灰白色C无反应BC1己炔无反应ABBR2/CCL4褪色ABAB环丙烷丙烯KMNO4无反应A褪色B49CLCOOHNHCOCH3ABCCH3COCH3OCH3DEFNO2410ABR2FEBR3BRHNO3BRH2SO4NO2BHNO3H2SO4NO2BR2FEBR3BRO2NCH3CCH3D2CL2FECL3CL2CH3CLCLFECL3CH3CLKMNO4COOHCLCH3EKMNO4COOHCL2FECL3COOHCLCH3FHNO3H2SO4H3CNO2BR2BR2FEBR3CH3BRNO2CH3CH3GBR2KMNO4COOHHNO3COOH411FEBR3BRH2SO4BRNO2BR可能为OROROROROROR412即环辛烯及环烯双键碳上含非支链取代基的分子式为C8H14O2的各种异构体，例如以上各种异构体。H3CC2H5413ABRBR414BRBRBRBRCLBRABCDBRCLCLCL415将下列结构改写为键线式。ABCOROODOEH54第五章旋光异构ACH2CH2CH2CH3OHBRCH2OHHBRCH2CH3RCH2OHBRHCH2CH3SBHOOCCHCHCOOHCOOHHBRCOOHHBRCOOHBRHBRBRHBRCOOHMESOBRHCOOH2S,3SHBRCOOH2R,3RCH3CCHBRCHCOOHBRCOOHHBRHBRCH3COOHBRHBRHCOOHCOOHHBRBRHCOOHCOOHBRHHBRCH32S,3R2R,3S2S,3S2R,3RDCH3CCHCOOHCH356无57C5H10O2COOHHCH3CH2CH3RCOOHH3CHCH2CH3SC6H121510ACH2CHCHCH2CH3CH3BCH3CH2CHCH2CH3CH3ICOOHHOHCH3R纸面上旋转90OOHHOOCCH3HSCOOH对映异构离开纸面旋转HOHCH3S对映异构第六章卤代烃61BRCH3BRCLACH3CHCHCH3CH3BH3CCCH3CH2ICDCLCLEF2碘丙烷IODOPROPANEG三氯甲烷TRICHLOROMETHANEORCHLOROFORMH1,2二氯乙烷1,2DICHLOROETHANEI氯丙烯CHLORO1PROPENEJ1氯丙烯CHLORO1PROPENE64写出下列反应的主要产物，或必要溶剂或试剂MGCO2HCHCHCOOMGCLCHCHCOOHAC6H5CH2CLET2OC6H5CH2MGCL652H2O652BCH2CHCH2BRNAOC2H5CH2CHCH2OC2H5CHCHBRCCH2BRAGNO3ETOHRTCHCHBRCH2ONO2AGBRBR光照CH2CHCHOCHODBR2KOHETOHCH2CLECLNAOHH2OBRBRCH2OHCLFCH3CH2CH2CH2BRMGCHCHCHCHMGBRC2H5OHET2OG3222OHCH3CH2CH2CH3BRMGOC2H5CH3CLCH3HH2OOHSN2历程CH3CH3OHCH3H2OOHSN1历程CLOHBRIKOHETOHJCH2CHCH2CLCNCH2CHCH2CNKCH33CLNAOHH2OCH33COH65下列各对化合物按SN2历程进行反应,哪一个反应速率较快ACH32CHICH33CCLBCH32CHICH32CHCLCCH2CLCLDCH3CHCH2CH2BRCH3CH3CH2CHCH2BRCH3ECH3CH2CH2CH2CLCH3CH2CHCHCL66将下列化合物按SN1历程反应的活性由大到小排列BCA67A反应活化能B反应过渡态C反应热放热68ACH3CH2CHCH3BRBCH2CHCH2CH3CCH3CHCHCH3ZANDE69怎样鉴别下列各组化合物鉴别A,B,DAGNO3/ETOHCBR2610CH3CH3CHCH2BRCH3CH3KOHETOHCH3CCH2CH3AHBRCH3HH2OCH3COHBCH3CH3CH3CBRCH2BRCH3CBRCH3CH3CCH2OHBRDCE611ABRCH2CH2CH3BCH2CHCH3CCH3CHBRCH33271命名下列化合物第七章醇酚醚A3Z戊烯醇3ZPENTEN1OLB2溴丙醇2BROMOPROPANOLC2,5庚二醇2,5HEPTANEDIOLD4苯基2戊醇4PHENYL2PENTANOLE1R,2R2甲基环己醇1R,2R2METHYLCYCLOHEXANOLF乙二醇二甲醚ETHANEDIOL1,2DIMETHYLETHERGS环氧丙烷S1,2EPOXYPROPANEH间甲基苯酚MMETHYLPHENOLI1苯基乙醇1PHENYLETHANOLJ4硝基1萘酚4NITRO1NAPHTHOL73完成下列转化OHOACRO3PY2BCH3CH2CH2OH浓H2SO4CH3CHCH2BR2CH3CHCH2BRBRKOH/ETOHCHCCHCACH3CH2CH2OHHCH3CHCH2NAHBRCH32CHBRCH3CH2CH2OCHCH32BRCH3CHCH3BCH3CH2CH2OHHCH3CHCH2HBRHOHHCH3CH2CH2BROHNACH3CHCH3ONACH3CHCH3CH3CH2CH2BRTMOHDCH3CH2CH2CH2OHHBRCH3CH2CH2CH2BRCH3CH2OHCH3CH2CHCH2HOHCHCHCHCHOHOHE浓H2SO4NAOHH323SO3HFCH2CH2稀冷KMNO4CHCHOHOCHCHOCHCHOCHCHOH22222222H2OCL2CLCH2CH2OHOHOHCLCH2CH2OHHOCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OHNAOHGCH3CH2CHCH21B2H6,ET2O2H2O2,OHCH3CH2CH2CH2OHHCLCH2CH2CH2CH2OHNAOHO75下列化合物是否可形成分子内氢键写出带有分子内氢健的结构式。A,B,D可以形成OA,NOHOBH3CH2CCH3OOHCISNOOOHTRANSDOOHHOOHNNOOOO76写出下列反应的历程OHHOH2AA_H2OBB_H_HH77写出下列反应的产物或反应物ACH32CHCH2CH2OHHBRCH32CHCH2CH2BRBOHHCL无水ZNCL2CLOCH3CHI过量CH3CH2CH2OCH3DHI过量OCH3CH2CH2ECH32CHBRNAOC2H5CH32CHOC2H5CH3CHCH2FCH3CH23CHCH3KMNO4CH3CH23CCH3OHOHOGCH3CCHCH2CH3HIO4CHCOOHCHCHCHOOOH332CH3HOHHIO4CHCOCHCHCHOOH322OHOHIBR2BRBRCCL4,CS2中单取代CH3JCH3CH22CHCH2CH3浓CH3H2SO4CHCHCHCHCHCHCHCHCHCHCHCH7832OH分子内脱水2332233PENTANONEF间甲氧基苯甲醛MMETHOXYBENZALDEHYDEG甲基丁烯醛3METHYL2BUTENALHBRCH2CH2CHOOAOCH3BOHCCH3I第八章醛、酮、醌81A异丁醛甲基丙醛METHYLPROPANALISOBUTANALB苯乙醛PHENYLETHANALC对甲基苯甲醛PMETHYLBENZALDEHYDED3甲基丁酮METHYLBUTANONEE2,4二甲基戊酮2,4DIMETHYLIOJCCL3CH2COCH2CH3KCH32CCHOLCH3CH2COCH2CHOMCHCHCHONCCH3OO丙烯醛PROPENALP二苯甲酮DIPHENYLKETONE83写出下列反应的主要产物OHNACH3COCH2CH3H2NOHCH3CCH2CH3OHBCL3CCHOH2OCL3CCHOHHCH3CCHOKMNO4HOOCCOOHOHDCH3CH2CHO稀NAOHCH3CH2CHCHCHOCH3CH3HCH3EC6H5COCH3C6H5MGBRC6H5COMGBRH2OC6H5COHC6H5FOH2NNHC6H5NNHC6H5C6H5GCH33CCHO浓NAOHCH33CCH2OHCH33CCOOHOHOCH32CCH2OH2无水HCLOIOK2CR2O7HHOOCCH23COOHJCHOKMNO4COOH室温HCN3FCH3CHCHCHOOKCOCH3CL2,H2OOHCOOHCHCL3OLCCH3CL2HCCH2CLCLCLOHMCH2CHCH2CH2COCH3HCLCH3CHCH2CH2COCH3CH3NCH2CHCOCH3HBRBRCH2CH2COCH3OHOCH2CHCHOHCNNCCH2CH2CHOCH2CHCHOCN84PC6H5CHOCH3COCH3稀NAOHC6H5CHCH2CCH3OHAA丙醛B丙酮C丙醇D异丙醇2,4二硝基苯肼有沉淀无沉淀TOLLEN试剂I2/NAOH沉淀无沉淀无沉淀黄色沉淀BA戊醛B2戊酮C环戊酮84完成下列转化TOLLEN试剂沉淀A无沉淀BCI2/NAOHCHI3B无沉淀CAC2H5OHCRO3PY2CH3CHOCH3CHOHCNHH2OCH3CHCOOHOHOBCOCLC无水ALCL3CONABH4H2OOHHG,稀OHDHCCHHH2OCH3CHOCH3CHCHCHOH2/NICH3CH2CH2CH2OHOHCH3ECL2CH2CLMGCH2MGCL1CH3COCH3CH2CCH3光ET2O2HOCH3OOHOH无水HCLCH3CHCHCHOH3OCHCHCHCHO稀冷KMNO4OHCH3CHCHCHOHOHOOHOHMGHBRCHCHCHBRCH3CH2CH2MGBR1HCHOGCH3CH2CH2OH322ET2OCH3CH2CH2CH2OH2H85ACH3CH2CHOCH3MGBRBCH3CHOCH3CH2MGBR86分别由苯及甲苯合成2苯基乙醇OCH3CL2光照CH2CLMGET2OCH2MGCL1HCHO2HCH2CH2OHBR2FEBRMGBROMGHET2OH2O88A缩酮B半缩酮CD半缩醛89OHOHOAHOHOHOHBH3COHCH3CHOHOCH2CH2OHOHOHOHOCOHOHOHOHOHOHOH810H3CH3COHCACHH3C811CHCH3OHBCHH3CCCH3C3CH3CCHCH3OCH3812OACH3CHCCH2CH3CH3BH3CCHH3CCHCH2CH3OHCH3CCH3CCHCH2CH3813DCH3CH2CHOECH3COCH3OOOOBRBRHOOCCOOHABCD第九章羧酸及其衍生物91A2甲基丙酸2METHYLPROPANOICACID异丁酸ISOBUTANOICACIDB邻羟基苯甲酸（水杨酸）OHYDROXYBENZOICACIDC2丁烯酸2BUTENOICACIDD3溴丁酸3BROMOBUTANOICACIDE丁酰氯BUTANOYLCHLORIDEF丁酸酐BUTANOICANHYDRIDEG丙酸乙酯ETHYLPROPANOATEH乙酸丙酯PROPYLACETATEI苯甲酰胺BENZAMIDEJ顺丁烯二酸MALEICACIDCOOCH3KCOOCH3OLHCOOCHCH32MCH3CH2CONHCH3OSCTH3CC92GABCFEHD93写出下列反应的主要产物ANA2CR2O7H2SO4COOHCOOHCOOHCOOHBCH32CHOHH3CCOCLH3CCOOCHCH32CHOCH2CH2COOHLIALH4HOCH2CH2CH2OHDNCCH2CH2CNH2ONAOHOOCCHCHCOOHHOOCCHCHCOOH2222CH2COOHECH2COOHBAOH2OCH3COCH3CH3FCH3COCLCH3无水ALCL3COCH3GCH3CO2OOHOCOCH3HCH3CH2COOC2H5NAOC2H5CH3CH2COCHCOOC2H5CH3ICH3COOC2H5CH3CH2CH2OHHJCH3CHCOOH2CH3CH2COOHCLKCH3COOCH2CH2CH3C2H5OHCO2COOHHCLCOOHNL2COOHHOCH2CH2OHCOOCHCHOOCMCOOHLIALH4H22CH2OHNHCOOHOHHCOOHOCH2CH2COOC2H5CH2CH2COOC2H5CONH2NAOC2H5OCOOC2H5COOPNOHNH3OQCH2COOC2H52H2NCONH2HNNHOO94AKMNO4BFECL3CBR2ORKMNO4DFECL32,4二硝基苯肼或I2/NAOH95完成下列转化AOHCNCNHCOOHOHH2OOHBCH3CH2CH2BRCNCH3CH2CH2CNHH2OCH3CH2CH2COOHCCH32CHOHCRO3PY2CH32COHCNCH32CCNOHHH2OCH32CCOOHOHCH3DCH3KMNO4COOHCOOHCOOHCOOHBAOH2OOOOOO1CO2ECH32CCH2HBRCH33CBRMGET2OCH33CMGBRCH33CCOOH2H/H2OFCH3BRALCL3CH3KMNO4COOHBR2FEBRCOOHGHCCHH2OCHCHOKMNOCH3CH2OH3H,HG24CH3COOHHCH3COOC2H5OHHNO3HOOCCH24COOHOICH3CH2COOHLIALH4CH3CH2CH2OHHBRCH3CH2CH2BRKMNO4MGET2OCH3CH2CH2MGBROCH3CH2CH2CH2CH2OHHCH3CH2CH2CH2COOH或CH3COCH2COOC2H51ETONACHCOCHCOOCH浓OH32CH3CH2CH2BR25CH2CH2CH3CH3CH23COOHJCH3COOHCL2PCH2COOHCLCNCH2COOHCNH3OETOHH,CH2COOC2H52OKONH3CH2COONH4OCH2CONH2CO2CH3LHCOOHCHCOOCOOHOHH2O32OHOOCCH3OHMCH3CH2COOHSOCL2CHCHCOCL32CH3CH2COONCH3CHCOOC2H521OHCHCHCOOH962H332己醇A已酸BNAHCO3水溶液水相已酸钠HCL已酸B水相酚钠HCL酚C对甲苯酚C有机相已醇对甲苯酚NAOH有机相已醇A97COOHCOOHCOOHCOOHCOOHHOOCCOOHHOOCCOOHCOOHCOOHHOOCHCH3CH2Z易成酐E不易Z易成酐E不易成酐98OOCOCH3DCHCHOHACH2COOHBOCH2C22CH2COOHOH2CCOCH3OCH2CH2OH第十章取代酸101M3氯丁酸（3CHLOROBUTANOICACID）N4氧代戊酸（4OXOPENTANOICACID102ACH3CH2CH2COCH2COOCH3AOH显色ANA2CO3溶解，有气体BCOOHCH3CHCOOHOHBCFECL3B不显色C无变化A103写出下列反应的主要产物ACH3COCHCOOC2H51稀OHCH3COCH2CH3CH32H,H2O_BCH3COCHCO2CH3CH2CO2CH3CCH3CH2CHCOOH浓NAOHCH2COO_CHCOOCHOH33CH2COOOCOHCOOCH3DCH3CH2OHCOOCHCOCH2CH3COCH3稀HCCH3CO2CH3OHOECH2CH2CH3COOHOCH2CH2CH3CO2CH3FHOOCCH2COCCOOHCH3CH3COCHCH32GCH3CH2CHCOOHCLHCH3CHCH2COOHOHONAOHH2OCH3CH2CHCOONAOHCH3CHCHCOOHIOCH3NAOHH2OCH3CHCH2COONACH2OHJCH3稀H2SO4CH3CH2CCOOHOHOCH3CH2CCH3HCOOHKCH3CH2COCO2H稀H2SO4CH3CH2CHOCO2LCH3CHCOCO2HCH3CH3CHCOOHCH3COOMCOOHCOOHOCOOHON1NAOH,2HCL,OOOOO,CH3CH2COOHCL2PCH3CHCOOHCL105完成下列转化ABRCH2CH22CH2CO2HONAOHOOOOBCO2CH3ETOC2H5CO2CH31稀OHCH2COCH3CLCH2COCH3CH2COCH32H,CCH3COOHOCH3CH2OHHCH3COOC2H5NAOC2H5CH3COCH2COOC2H51OH1NAOC2H52BRCH2CH2CH2BRCH3CCCOOC2H52H,CH3CO1NAOC2H5CH3DCH3COOC2H5NAOC2H5CH3COCH2COOC2H5COCH32BRCH3_CH3COCHCOOC2H51NAOC2H52CH3CHCOOC2H5CH3CCOOOC2H5CHCHCOOCH1浓OH,2HCH3CHCOOHCH3CHCOOH325BR3322第十一章含氮化合物112A硝基乙烷BP亚硝基甲苯CN乙基苯胺D对甲苯重氮氢溴酸盐或溴化重氮对甲苯E邻溴乙酰苯胺F丁腈G对硝基苯肼H1,6己二胺I丁二酰亚胺J亚硝基二乙胺K溴化十二烷基苄基二甲铵LCHNCHCHOHOHMHOHOCH2CH2NH2NCH33NCH2CH2OCOCH3OHNHOHOCHOHCH2NHCH3PCH32CHCH2NH2QH2NCNH2RN,N二甲基乙胺HO114HOHOHH3CH3CNHOH3CH3CNH3CH3CHNHNHHHHHCHC33A中有三种氢键B中只有一种氢键115如何解释下列事实A因为在苄胺中，未与苯环直接相连，其孤对电子不能与苯环共轭，所以碱性与烷基胺基本相似。BO2NNH2中，硝基具有强的吸电子效应。NH2中N上孤对电子更多地偏向苯环，所以与苯胺相比,其碱性更弱。而H3CNH2中，甲基具有一定的给电子效应，使NH2中N上电子云密度增加，116所以与苯胺相比,其碱性略强_CH3CHNH2CH2CH3酒石酸胺酸盐物理性质不同可胺酸盐拆分,而后再分别加NAOH析出胺119完成下列转化NO2NH2AHNO3H2SO4NH2FEHCLNHCOCH3BCH3CO2OHNO3NHCOCHO2NP2O5CHCOONH33HO2NNH2CCH3COOH32CH3CONH2SOCL2CHCOCLNH3CHCONHCH3COOH332NH3CHCOONHCH3CONH2CH3COOH34DCH3CH2OHCRO3PY2CH3CHO1CH3CH2MGCLCH3CHOHCH2CH3SOC2LCH3CHCH2CH3HCLMG2HNH2CHCHCHCHCLNH3CH3CH2CLET2OCH3CH2MGCL3232NOONHKOHNKCLCH3CHCH2CH3OCH3NCHHCOOHCH3CHCH2CH3OOOCH2CH3COOHNH2EFNO2NH2CH3CO2ONH2NHCOCH3FEHCLBR2,FENO2FEHCLBRNH2BRNANO2HCL050CNCLBR弱HNH2NNBRNH2CH3GHNO3O2NCH3FEHCLH2NCH3NANO2HCL050CH3CN2CLOHOHHOH3CN1110ABCDOOO_CNH3CCNCNNNH3CCH3HCOOH_NNCH3NHNEFOOSNCH3CH2COH3CCH3GNNNON_NO2HNCLH2CLH1111CH3H3CHH3C253CH3ANH2NHCH3COOHCOOHOHABCDNAOH不溶AB可溶CDH3CSO2CLNAOHFECL3不溶B可溶A显色D不显色CBCH33NHCLACH3CH24NBRBAGNO3AGCL白AAGBR黄B或者用NAOHA分层均相由于三甲胺BP3,可能逸出,也可能部分溶于NAOH,所以用AGNO3作鉴别较好1112写出下列反应的主要产物AC2H53NCH3CHCH3BRCHNCHCH3CH3BRBCH33NCH2CH2CH2CH3CLNAOHCHNCHCHCHCHCLNAOH332223CCH3CH2COCLNC2H52H3CNHCH3NC2H52CH3CH2CONCH3CH3DHNO2NO1113使用HINSBERG反应注意分离提纯和鉴别程序的不同NHCH3ANH2H3CSO2CLCH3NSO2CH3D蒸镏除去CNAOH水洗除EBNHSO2CH3CNNH3CCH3EH3CCH3CH3CH3HNH。HCLNHCH有机相NSO2CH3DOH3纯1115将苄胺、苄醇及对甲苯酚的混合物分离为三种纯的组分。32CH2NH2ANAOH水溶液有机相水相AHCLA的盐酸盐B有机相BNAOHACH2OHBC水相C的钠盐稀HCLCHOCH3再进一步分别纯化111662211520饱和胺B具有CH3CHC4H9OH可进行碘仿反应）CH3CC6H12KMNO4CH3COOHCH3CHCOOHCH3所以C为CH3CHCHCHCH3CH3倒推回去BCH3CHCH2CHOHCH3CH3ACH3CHCH2CHNH2CH3第十二章含硫和含磷有机化合物126由指定原料及其它无机试剂写出下列合成路线。NA2SCH3CH2CH2CH2SCH2CH2CH2CH3ACH3CH2CH2CH2OHHCLCH3CH2CH2CH2CLKMNO4ORCHCOHCH3CH2CH2CH2SO2CH2CH2CH2CH333PCL3HCSOCLBCH3浓H2SO4H3CSO3H32CH3HNO3H2SO4H3CNO2FEHCLHCNHH3CSO2NHCH3232O1311CHOCHO第十三章碳水化合物CH2OHOCH2OHCH2OHCH2OH_HO1312ABENDICT试剂BI2CI2DBR22ETOLLEN试剂1313写出下列反应的主要产物或反应物CHOCH2OHCHOANAOHOH2OCH2OHOHBAGNH3CH2OHCOOHCH2OHOCH2OHHOH2CCCH2OHCH3OH无水HCLHOH2COOCH3CH2OHDOOCH2OHOHOBR2H2OCH2OHOCH2OHO麦芽糖COOHCH2OHEOOOHOCH2OHAGNHCH2OHOCH2OHOCOOHF1314纤维二糖）CHOHNO3CH2OHCOOHCOOHODCH3O2SO4NAOHOCOOHCOOHACOCHO5HCOOHCH2OHCH2OHCOOHACOOACOACCH2OAC1HCHOJHIO4OOCH2CH3BHNO3ECH3CO2OCH2OHOOHCH2OHFNABH4CHOCH2OHOCH2OCH3OC2H5OHCH2OHH催化氢化CH2OHD甘露糖GHCN,再酸性水解OHOCH3OCH3OCH3OCH2CH3COOHCOOH1315CH2OHCH2OH如D葡萄糖呈五员环状，则CH2OHCH2OHH3COCH2OCH3HOHOOH无水HCLHOCH3OHOOCH3CH32SO4NAOHOOCH3OCH3稀HCLH3COCH2OCH3OOCH3OHOCH3HNO3COOHOCH3CH2OCH3H3COCOOHOCH3COOHOCH31319CH3OCHOOCH3OHOCH3CH2OCH3AD葡萄糖CH2OHOOHB不反应C不反应D甲基化CH2OCH3OOCH3OCH3OCH3OCH3OOHN1320AHO_NH3CLBOHONH2HOH2COOHOOHHOH2COHOH2COHOONH2N3232第十四章氨基酸、多肽与蛋白质142ABHOCH2CHCOOHOCH2CHCOONCOOHNCOOH2NH3NH2C143CH2CHCOOHOHNHCHCHCOOOHNH2DHOOCCH2CHCOOHNHOOCCHCHCOONH2ACH3CHCOOHNH2AH2NCH2CH2COOHNH2CNAOH可溶不溶分层A茚三酮反应BCA不显色BB苏氨酸H3CCHCHCOOHOHNH2丝氨酸HOCH2CHCOOHNH2I2/NAOHCHI3无变化C乳酸H3CCHCOOHOH丙氨酸H3CCHCOOHNH2茚三酮不显色显色144A缬氨酸CH32CHCHNH2COOHIP596PH8时主要存在形式CH32CHCHNH2COOB赖氨酸H2NCH24CHNH2COOHIP974PH10时H2NCH24CHCOONH2C丝氨酸CH2CHCOOHIP568PH1时CH2CHCOOHOHNH2OHNH3D谷氨酸HOOCCH22CHCOOHNH2IP322PH3时HOOCCH22CHCOOHNH3145写出下列反应的主要产物ACH3CHCO2C2H5H2ONH2HCLCH3CHCOOHNH3CLBCH3CHCO2C2H5NH2CH3CO2OCH3CHCO2C2H5NHCOCH3CCH3CHCONH2NH2HNO2过量CH3CHCOOHOH32DCH3CHCONHCHCONHCH2COOHNH2CH2CHCH32H2OHCH3CHCOOHNH3HNCHCOOHCH32CHCH2CHCOOHNH3ECH3CHCOOHNH2CH3CH2COCLCH3CHCOOHNHCOCH2CH3F亮氨酸CH32CHCH2CHCOOHNH2CH3OH过量HCLCH32CHCH2CHCOOCH3NH2G异亮氨酸CH3CH2CHCHCOOHCH3CH2I过量CH3CH2CHCHCOOHNCHCHCH3NH2H丙氨酸CH3CHCOOHNH2H3COCHCNHHNCHCOCH3BRCH3233I酪氨酸HOCH2CHNH2COOHBR2H2OHOCHCHNHCOOHJ丙氨酸CH3CHCOOHNH2O2NNO2FBRCH3CHNH2O2N2NO2KNH2CH2CH2CH2CH2COOHHCOOHNOLCH2COOHNH2HCLSOCL2CH2COCLNH2HCL1462N2N数实际氢数23221712147属氨基酸，三个碳，有旋光活性，应为丙氨酸CH3CHCOOHNH2CH3CHCH2COOHP/CL2CH3CHCHCOOHNH3CH3CHCHCOOHCH3CH3CLCH3NH2如果在无手性条件下,得到的产物无旋光活性,因为在氯代酸生成的那一步无立体选择性148三肽,N端亮氨酸,C端甘氨酸中性1410A丝氨酸甘氨酸亮氨酸，简写为丝甘亮B谷氨酸苯丙氨酸苏氨酸，简写为谷苯丙苏1411此多肽含有游离的羧基,且羧基与NH3形成酰胺1412丙甘丙或丙丙甘1413精脯脯甘苯丙丝脯苯丙精第十五章类脂化合物153AKOH,BBR2ORKMNO4CKOHDCAOH2EBR2ORKMNO4154写出由三棕榈油酸甘油酯制备表面活性剂十六烷基硫酸钠的反应式。OCH2OCOCH27CHCHCH25CH3KOHHCHOCCH27CHCHCH25CH3OCH2OCCH27CHCHCH25CH3CH3CH25CHCHCH27COOHH2CHCHCOOHLIALH4H2SO4CHCHOSOHCAT3214CH3CH214CH2OH32143NAOHCH3CH214CH2OSO3NA155卵磷脂结构中既含亲水基,又含有疏水基,因此可以将水与油两者较好的相溶在一起。156下列化合物哪个有表面活性剂的作用A、D有表面活性剂的作用。157OCH2OCOCH27CHCHCH27CH3158CHOCCH214CH3OCH2OCCH214CH3OCH2OCOCH214CH3KOHHLIALH4CHOCCH214CH3OCH2OCCH214CH33CH3CH214COOHH,CH3CH214CH2OHCH3CH214COOCH215CH3159脑苷脂是由神经组织中得到的一种鞘糖脂。如果将它水解，将得到哪些产物CH2OHOOHHOCH2CHNH2CHOHCHHOCOCH222CH3CHCH212CH31510A4B2C3D11511A反B顺C顺D反E反F反1513写出薄荷醇的三个异构体的椅式构型（不必写出对映体）。H3CH3COHOHH3COHCH3OH1516薄荷醇123H3CH2CHCH2HCCCHCH3应为H3CH2H2CHCCHCH3CCCH31517H3CCCH3非萜类H3CCHOHCH2CH2H2CHCCCH3HCH3CCCH31518利用雌二醇的酚羟基酸性,用NAOH水溶液分离1519完成下列反应式CLABHOCLBRBRCHCHCOCH3CDOHOCOCH3EOCH3COCH3OHO1520OHOCH3HOHCHOOCH3OCH3HOCH3OCH3NO第十六章杂环化合物161命名或写出结构OHCH3AOCOOHCOOHBNNCNHONNHHOHDNENNCH3FK答案N8羟基喹啉GSSO3HL2苯基苯并吡喃H糠醛I噻唑J3甲基吲哚A2呋喃甲酸B2,6二羟基嘌呤C3甲基吡咯D5羟基嘧啶EN甲基吡咯CH3F3吡啶甲酸KNG2噻吩磺酸LONHIJOCHOSNHOH162A维生素A萜类B维生素B1,B2,B6,B12杂环化合物C维生素PP杂环化合物D维生素C单糖的衍生物E维生素D己三烯衍生物F维生素K醌G叶酸杂环化合物164A可溶于酸B既可溶于酸又可溶于碱C既可溶于碱又可溶于酸E可溶于碱165参阅教材P293166教材P294核苷由核糖或脱氧核糖与嘌呤或嘧啶化合而成,核苷酸则是核苷磷酸酯168NNHONCH2OHHHHOHOH9D呋喃核糖基嘌呤水粉葺素169FONHN5氟尿嘧啶H1610写出下列反应的产物NNACH3CO2OBF3OB浓H2SO4室温SCHBROCOCH3SSO3HNBRHDCH3CH2BRNBREOCHOFOCHO浓NAOHCH3COCH3CH2CH3OCH2OH稀OHOCOOHOCHCHCOCH3GKOHNHCH3HKMNO4NKCOOHNCH3NCOOHCOOHCOOHIKMNO4NN1611答案参阅教材P286倒4行4,吡咯及吡啶的碱性1612答案CH3NKMNO4COOHNSOCL2COCLNH2NH