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高中化学解题方法与技巧（HIGHSCHOOLCHEMISTRYPROBLEMSOLVINGMETHODSANDSKILLS）ICAREFULLYCOLLATEDDOCUMENTS,DOCUMENTSFROMTHENETWORKIONLYCOLLECTANDSORTOUTINCASEOFERRORPLEASECHECKITYOURSELFHIGHSCHOOLCHEMISTRYPROBLEMSOLVINGMETHODANDSKILLRELATIONMETHODCONTINUOUSREACTIONSFORMULTISTEPREACTIONSALTHOUGHEVERYSTEPOFTHEREACTIONAREINDEPENDENTREACTIONCONDITIONSANDEQUIPMENTMAYBEDIFFERENT,BUTTHEPRODUCTBEFOREAREACTIONISAREACTIONAFTERTHEREACTION,ACCORDINGTOTHETRANSFEROFTHEINTERMEDIATEPRODUCTS,FINDOUTTHERELATIONOFRAWMATERIALSANDFINALPRODUCTSITISVERYCONVENIENTTOCALCULATEBYRELATIONALFORMULAANDTHEACCURACYOFTHECALCULATIONRESULTSCANBEGUARANTEEDWHENLOOKINGFORARELATIONSHIP,PAYSPECIALATTENTIONTOWHETHERSOMEOFTHEELEMENTSINTHEMATERIALARETRANSFERREDINTOTHEPRODUCTAREINTERMEDIATESINVOLVEDINRAWMATERIALITISIMPOSSIBLETOBLINDLYDERIVETHERELATIONACCORDINGTOTHECONSERVATIONOFATOMSINTHEINITIALANDTHEPRODUCTTHEFOLLOWINGISACONSIDERABLEAMOUNTOFTREATMENT1THELOSSRATEOFANELEMENTINTHECOMPOUNDTHELOSSRATEOFTHECOMPOUNDTHELOSSRATEOFTHEINTERMEDIATEPRODUCTTHELOSSRATEOFTHERAWMATERIALANDTHEINTERMEDIATEPRODUCTCONVERSIONRATETHECONVERSIONRATEOFTHERAWMATERIALTHECOMMONREACTIONSOFMULTISTEPREACTIONSAREASFOLLOWS1INDUSTRIALSULPHURICACIDFES22S2H2SO4IIINDUSTRIALSYNTHETICAMMONIA3C2N24NH33INDUSTRIALNITRICACIDN22NH32HNO3COKEACETYLENE3CCAC2C2H2INADDITIONINSOMESUBJECTS,CHEMICALREACTIONEQUATIONSTHATARENOTSEENINSOMETEXTBOOKSAREOFTENPRESENTINTHEFORMOFINFORMATIONASASOLUTIONTOCERTAINCONDITIONSATTHISPOINT,LOOKPATIENTLYFORTHETRANSFORMATIONBETWEENSUBSTANCESORELEMENTSSOASTOGETTHECORRECTRELATIONEXERCISES1,THEPRODUCTIONOFSULFURICACIDWITHPYRITECONTAININGFES280ITISKNOWNTHATTHEOREHASACOMBUSTIONRATEOF95THECONVERSIONRATEOFSO2WAS90THEABSORPTIONRATEOFSO3WAS9898TONSOFSULPHURICACID,500TONSHOWMANYTONSOFRAWOREARENEEDEDHOWMANYLITERSUNDERTHECONDITIONOFTHEAIRASSUMINGTHEVOLUMEFRACTIONOFOXYGENINAIRIS202,INDUSTRIALPRODUCTIONOFCALCIUMCARBIDEISTOUSELIMEANDCOKEHEATINGINTHEFURNACE3CCAOCAC2CO,ASSUMINGTHATTHEUTILIZATIONRATEOFRAWMATERIALS100,THEN36TONSOFCOKECANPRODUCETONSOFACETYLENE3、CHROMIUMCONTENTINSTEELSAMPLEISABOUT13THEPROCEDUREFORDETERMININGCHROMIUMCONTENTINSTEELSAMPLESISTODISSOLVETHESTEELSAMPLEUNDERACIDICCONDITIONSANDOXIDIZETHECHROMIUMTOCR2O72IONSTHENADDTHESTANDARDFESO4SOLUTIONOF200ML0100MOL/LRESPONDADEQUATELYTHECHEMICALEQUATIONIS6FE2CR2O7214H6FE32CR37H2O,TITRATEDWITHAN0010MOL/LSTANDARDKMNO4SOLUTIONTOEXCESSFE2THEAMOUNTOFKMNO4SOLUTIONREQUIREDISBETWEEN5001000MLCALCULATETHERANGEOFTHESTEELSAMPLEPOTASSIUMPERMANGANATEANDIONICEQUATIONFORTHEREACTIONOFFE25FE2MNO48H5FE3MN24H2O4TODETERMINETHEMASSFRACTIONOFCACO3INALIMESTONEWEIGHWGLIMESTONESAMPLESADDANEXCESSOF6MOL/LHYDROCHLORICACIDDISSOLVEITCOMPLETELYHEATBOILINGREMOVEDISSOLVEDCO2THENADDSUFFICIENTQUANTITIESOFAMMONIUMOXALATENH4C2O4SOLUTION,SLOWLYADDINGAMMONIAREDUCESTHEACIDITYOFTHESOLUTION,WHILETHEPRECIPITATIONOFCALCIUMOXALATEPRECIPITATIONC2O42CA2CAC2O4DOWN,FILTEROUTCAC2O4,H2SO4CAC2O4H2SO4H2C2O4CASO4,DISSOLVEDASDILUTEDWITHDISTILLEDWATERDILUTESOLUTIONTOREMOVEV0ML,V1ML,KMNO4INACIDSOLUTIONTITRATIONOFAMOL/LOCCURSATTHISTIMETHEFOLLOWINGREACTION_MNO4_H2C2O4_H,_MN2_CO2_H2OIFTHEENDPOINTOFTITRATIONCONSUMPTIONDURINGAMOL/LKMNO4V2ML,PLEASEKMNO4THETRIMIONEQUATIONANDH2C2O4REACTION,ANDCALCULATETHEMASSFRACTIONOFCACO3INTHESAMPLE5THEREACTIONOFPHENOLANDBROMINECANBEUSEDFORTHEQUANTITATIVEDETERMINATIONOFPHENOLTHEMETHODISASFOLLOWS1KBRO3KBRSOLUTION1000MLISPREPAREDBYTHERATIOOFMATERIALTO15THESOLUTIONREACTSCOMPLETELYUNDERACIDICCONDITIONSTOPRODUCE005MOLBR2THEREACTIONISFOLLOWEDBYTHEREACTIONOFTHESOLUTIONWITHANEXCESSOFBR2REDUCTIVEUNREACTEDBROMIDEWASREDUCEDWITHKITITRATETHEIODINEPRODUCEDWITHTHENA2S2O3STANDARDSOLUTIONTHECHEMICALEQUATIONFORTHEREACTIONOFNA2S2O3WITHI2IS2NA2S2O3I22NAINA2S4O6ACCORDINGTOTHEVOLUMEOFTHENA2S2O3STANDARDSOLUTIONCONSUMEDTHEPURITYOFPHENOLCANBECALCULATEDWEIGHING02GPHENOLSAMPLEDISSOLVEINWATERANDDILUTETO250MLUNDERCERTAINCONDITIONSTAKETHESOLUTION10MLTHEABOVEKBRO3KBRSOLUTIONREACTSWITHTHE10MLUNDERACIDICCONDITIONSADDEXCESSKITITRATEWITH01MOL/LNA2S2O3SOLUTIONTOTHEFINISHLINECONSUMENA2S2O3SOLUTION,52MLCALCULATETHEPURITYOFPHENOLSAMPLEPHENOLTYPE94SOLVINGMETHODSANDSKILLSINHIGHSCHOOLCHEMISTRYTOTALRESPONSEEQUATIONMETHODAMONGTHEPROBLEMSINCHEMISTRYCALCULATIONINSENIORHIGHSCHOOL,THEREARESOMETYPESOFPRODUCTCATEGORIESTHATVARYWITHTHEAMOUNTOFREACTANTSSUCHASH2SO2WHENO2ISNOTENOUGHTHEVO2/VH2SISLESSTHANOREQUALTO1/22H2SO22S2H2OWHENO2ISENOUGHVO2/VH2SISMORETHANOREQUALTO3/22H2S3O22SO22H2OANDWHEN1/2VO2/VH2S3/2THEPRODUCTSOFH2SCOMBUSTIONAREBOTHSANDSO2ITISVERYCOMPLICATEDANDERRORPRONEIFTHEYAREDISCUSSEDSTEPBYSTEPACCORDINGTOEACHSPECIFICREACTIONATTHISPOINT,THETOTALREACTIONEQUATIONCANBETRIMMEDBYTHERATIOOFTHEAMOUNTOFREACTANTMATERIALTHETOTALRESPONSEEQUATIONISUSEDTOJUDGEANDCALCULATEDIRECTLYSIMILARREACTIONSINCLUDECO2NAOHOH,CO2CA2,H3PO4NAOH,H3PO4NH3,NA2CO3HCL,AL3NAOH,ALO2HH2O,FEHNO3,ETCEXERCISESAT1AND20DEGREESCENTIGRADEMIX40MLH2SWITH50MLO2ANDIGNITEHOWMANYMILLILITERSOFGASARETHEREAFTERREACTIONSETTHETEMPERATUREANDPRESSUREUNCHANGED2,THESTANDARDCONDITIONSOF112LITERSOFCO2GASINTO100ML07MOL/LITEROFCAUSTICSODASOLUTION,ANDTHENATLOWTEMPERATUREVACUUMEVAPORATIONDRYINGSOLUTION,HOWMANYGRAMSOFSOLIDCANGET3,200ML08MOL/LHYDROCHLORICACIDDROPSINTOTHE300ML04MOL/LNA2CO3SOLUTIONAFTERCOMPLETEREACTIONCALCULATETHEVOLUMEOFTHERESULTINGCO2INTHESTANDARDCASE4,TO148GCONCENTRATIONOF01CLEARLIMEWATERTHROUGHCO2GASGETWHITEPRECIPITATE01GIFCO2TAKESFULLADVANTAGEOFTHEVOLUMEOFTHECO2GASPASSEDINTOISA224MLB336MLC448MLD672ML5ABSORBNH3UNDER112LSTANDARDWITH2MOL/LH3PO4SOLUTION200MLFULLACTINGWHATISTHEPRODUCTWHATISTHEAMOUNTOFITSSUBSTANCE6,AGIRONREACTSEXACTLYWITHNITRICACIDWITHBGNITRICACIDTOFORMNOIFAB13THEQUALITYOFTHEREDUCEDNITRICACIDISAAGB3A/4GCB/4GDBG7,IN100ML01MOL/LALCL3SOLUTION,INTOTHEMETALSODIUM,TOBECOMPLETEDAFTERTHEREACTIONH2392MLSUPERSCRIPTCASE,IFTHEMETALSODIUMSURFACEISNOTOXIDIZED,CANPRODUCEPRECIPITATIONHOWMANYGRAMS8,UNDERSTANDARDCONDITIONSAMIXTUREOFCOANDCO2ISFILLEDWITHAVOLUMEOF224L,ANDASUFFICIENTAMOUNTOFAIRTIGHTCONTAINERISUSEDTOINITIATEACOMPLETEREACTIONWITHAINTERRUPTEDELECTRICALSPARKTHEFOLLOWINGARETHECORRECTESTIMATESOFTHEAMOUNTOFSUBSTANCESAND
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