2011高考英语动词不定式用法教学辅导与强化训练题集

2011高考英语动词不定式用法教学辅导与强化训练题集在初中时，我们就学过动词不定式，现就其用法归纳如下。动词不定式在句中可充当主语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语和状语等。一、作主语动词不定式作主语可位于句首。例如TOLEARNASKILLISVERYIMPORTANTFOREVERYONEINSOCIETY也可使用IT作形式主语，而将其置于句末。例如ITISNECESSARYFORYOUNGSTUDENTSTOLEARNAFOREIGNLANGUAGE动词不定式作主语的常用句型有1ITISADJ/NFOR/OFSBSTHTODOSTH用于此句型的形容词有EASY,HARD,DIFFICULT,POSSIBLE,IMPORTANT,IMPOSSIBLE,NECESSARY,GOOD,BAD,EXCITING,INTERESTING,SURPRISING等。例如ITISINTERESTINGTOPLAYTHISGAMEITISNECESSARYFORYOUTOCHANGEYOURJOBITWASIMPOSSIBLEFORTHEMTOCOMPLETETHETASKINSUCHASHORTTIME考例1IS_POSSIBLETOFLYTOTHEMOONINASPACESHIP88METANOWBMANCTHATDIT用于此句型的名词有PITY,SHAME,PLEASURE,ONESDUTY,ONESJOB,FUN,JOY,GOODMANNERS,BADMANNERS等。例如WHATAPITYITISFORYOUTOHAVEMISSEDSUCHAWONDERFULFILMITISGOODMANNERSFORTHEYOUNGTOGIVETHEIRSEATSTOTHEOLD2ITISADJOFSBTODOSTH该句型中只能使用描述某人的品德、特征的形容词，如KIND,NICE,WISE,SILLY,POLITE,IMPOLITE,FRIENDLY,FOOLISH,CLEVER等。例如HOWRUDEITWASOFTHEBOYTOJUMPTHEQUEUEITISFRIENDLYOFTHEFAMILYTOTRYTOMAKEMEFEELATHOMEINTHEIRHOUSEHOWSILLYITWASOFYOUTOGIVEUPSUCHAGOODCHANCE3ITTAKESSBSOMETIMETODOSTH该句型意为“做某事花费某人多长时间”。例如ITTOOKUSHALFANHOURTORIDETOTHETOWNBYBIKE二、作表语动词不定式作表语表示没发生的动作。常用于以下结构MYWISH/JOB/AIM/GOALIS及THENEXTSTEP/MEASUREIS等。例如YOURJOBISTOTYPETHEPAPERSINTHEOFFICETHENEXTMEASUREISTOSTOPTHERIVERFROMBEINGPOLLUTED三、作宾语常见的只能使用动词不定式作宾语的动词有AGREE,CHOOSE,DECIDE,HOPE,FAIL,WISH,REFUSE,EXPECT,MANAGE,PLAN,INTEND,PRETEND,PROMISE,OFFER,AFFORD,DEMAND,ARRANGE等表希望打算决定计划等词。例如THEYDECIDEDTOBUILDAHIGHWAYBETWEENTHESETWOCITIESSHEOFFEREDTOHELPMEWHENIWASINTROUBLEBELIEVE,THINK,CONSIDER,FEEL,MAKE等动词可用于“动词ITADJ/NTODOSTH”句型，其中使用IT作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语动词不定式置于句末。例如ITHINKITNECESSARYFORUSTOHAVEAGOODRESTAFTERTHELONGWORKSHEFELTITHERDUTYTOHELPTHEOLDWOMAN四、作宾补可后接动词不定式作宾补的动词有ADVISE,ALLOW,ASK,HEAR,ORDER,SEE,TELL,WANT,WISH,WATCH等。例如THEDOCTORADVISEDHERNOTOEATTOOMUCHSUGARIWISHYOUTOGOTOTHEMEETINGWITHMEBELIEVE,CONSIDER,COUNT,DECLARE,DENY,FEEL,FIND,GUESS,IMAGINE,JUDGE,KNOW,PROVE,REALIZE,SUPPOSE,THINK等动词后可接TOBE型不定式作宾补。例如HEDECLAREDHIMSELFTOBEACOLLEGESTUDENT他自称是名大学生。THEPOLICEPROVEDHIMTOBEATHIEF警察局证实他是小偷。HOPE,DEMAND,AGREE，SUGGEST等动词不能后接动词不定式作宾补。例如【误】IHOPEMYSONTOBEBACKSOON【正】IHOPEMYSONWILLBEBACKSOON【误】SHESUGGESTSUSTOHAVEADISCUSSIONABOUTIT【正】SHEADVISESUSTOHAVEADISCUSSIONABOUTIT【正】SHESUGGESTSTHATWESHOULDHAVEADISCUSSIONABOUTIT在主动结构中，下列动词后作宾补的动词不定式应省略TO“五看”SEE,WATCH,NOTICE,OBSERVE,LOOKAT“三使”MAKE,LET,HAVE“两听”HEAR,LISTENTO“一感觉”FEEL。例如WHOMADEHIMWORKALLNIGHTLONG但是，改为被动结构后，应补出省略的TO。例如HEWASSEENTOBREAKTHEWINDOW五、作定语动词不定式作定语，应位于所修饰词语之后，即作后置定语。例如HAVEYOUGOTANYTHINGTOEATTOEAT修饰ANYTHING，位于其后IHAVEALOTOFHOMEWORKTODOALTHOUGHIWORKEDVERYHARD,TSTILLHAVENOROOMTOLIVEIN下列名词后常接动词不定式作定语ABILITY,ATTEMPT,CHANCE,COURAGE,DECISION,EFFORT,FAILURE,PROMISE,WAY,WISH等。例如BUTSHEGAVEUPTHECHANCETOGOABROAD由ONLY,FIRST,LAST,NEXT以及序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词后，且被修饰名词委不定式动作的发出者，也常接不定式作定语。例如WHOWASTHELASTONETOLEAVETHECLASSROOMLASTNIGHT六、作状语动词不定式作状语，可表示目的、原因、结果或条件。例如WEWENTTHERETOSEEOURGRANDPARENTS（目的）IAMVERYSORRYTOHEARTHAT（原因）SHEHURRIEDHOMEONLYTOFINDHERFATHERDEAD（结果）TOLOOKATTHEPICTURE,YOUWOULDLIKEIT（条件）作目的状语，还可以使用INORDERTO或SOASTO。例如THEBOYWORKEDSOHARDINORDERTOMAKEUPFORTHELOSTTIME结果状语还可以使用ENOUGHTO,TOOTO,SOASTO,SUCHASTO等结构。例如HEGOTUPTOOLATETOMISSTHEEARLYBUSSHEWASINSUCHAHURRYASNOTTONOTICEME她如此匆忙，以致没有注意到我。1不定式的时态的选用1）不定式的一般式表示不定式的动作与谓语动词的动作同时或在谓语动词动作之后发生。ISAWHIMENTERTHEROOM我看见他进入了那房间IWASINVITEDTOTHEPARTYTOBEHELDINTHEROOFGARDEN我被邀请参加在屋顶花园举行的晚会。2）不定式的完成式表示不定式的动作在谓语动词的动作之前发生。IMSORRYTOHAVEKEPTYOUWAITINGSOLONG很抱歉让你等了那么长时间。HESEEMEDTOHAVEGONEABROAD3）不定式的进行式表示不定式的动作在谓语动词的动作发生时正在进行。THEYSEEMEDTOBEEATINGSOMETHING他们好像正在吃东西。WHENICAMEINTOTHECLASSROOM,HEHAPPENEDTOBEREADING2不定式的语态不定式的语态与不定式表示的动作的被动与否以及它与逻辑主语的关系有关。1）通常而言，不定式的动作是主动的，则不定式用主动语态，反之则用被动语态。2）在实际运用中还要考虑不定式的逻辑主语。不定式的逻辑主语是全句的主语HEHURRIEDTHERETOFINDTHETRAINHADGONE他赶到那里结果发现火车已经开走了。主语补足语NOBODYWILLBEALLOWEDTOLEAVEUNTIL700AM直到七点才允许离开。宾语SHEDISLIKESTOBETOLDTODOWHATSHEDISLIKES她不愿听人使唤。宾语补足语是全句的宾语FATHERDESIRESMETOBEADOCTOR父亲希望我当医生。定语是其中心词THESEARETHELETTERSFORHIMTOBETYPEDTODAY这些是他今天要打印出来的信笺。句中某一名词或代词HEBOUGHTABOOKTOREAD他买了一本书（自己）读。HEBOUGHTMEABOOKTOREAD他给我买了一本书读。主语和表语由FOR引出ITISIMPOSSIBLEFORHIMTODOTHEJOBALONE他不可能独自干这活。由OF引出ITISVERYKINDOFYOUTOSEEUS谢谢你来看我们。不在句中，可根据句义推测出来MYJOBISTOTEACHSTUDENTSENGLISH我的工作是教学生英语。动词不定式练习题1THETEACHERTOLDTHEM_MAKESOMUCHNOISEADONTBNOTCWILLNOTDNOTTO2OURMASTEROFTENTOLDUS_THINGSFORGRANTEDANOTTOHAVEBNOTTOTAKECDIDNTTAKEDNOTTOMAKE3TELLHIM_THEWINDOWATOSHUTNOTBNOTTOSHUTCTONOTSHUTDNOTSHUT4THEBOYWANTEDTORIDEHISBICYCLEINTHESTREET,BUTHISMOTHERTOLDHIM_ANOTTOBNOTTODOCNOTDOITDDONOTTO5MRSSMITHWARNEDHERDAUGHTER_AFTERDRINKINGANEVERTODRIVEBTONEVERDRIVECNEVERDRIVINGDNEVERDRIVE6THEPATIENTWASWARNED_OILYFOODAFTERTHEOPERATIONATOEATNOTBEATINGNOTCNOTTOEATDNOTEATING7THEWORKERSWANTUS_TOGETHERWITHTHEMAWORKBWORKINGCTOWORKDWORKED8THEYWOULDNOTALLOWHIM_ACROSSTHEENEMYLINEATORISKGOINGBRISKINGTOGOCFORRISKTOGODRISKGOING9ISAWHIM_OUTOFTHEROOMAGOBHADGONECHASGONEDGOES10HEKNEWHERVERYWELLTHEYHADSEENHER_UPFROMCHILDHOODAGROWBGREWCWASGROWINGDTOGROW11IVEHEARDHIM_ABOUTYOUOFTENASPOKEBSPEAKSCSPEAK12THOUGHHEHADOFTENMADEHISLITTLESISTER_,TODAYHEWASMADE_BYHISLITTLESISTERACRY；TOCRYBCRYING；CRYINGCCRY；CRYDTOCRY；CRY13HEWASMADE_AGOBGONECGOINGDTOG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