unit 3 overview 泛读第四册课件

UNIT3OVERVIEWINTHISUNITYOUWILLREADAREPORTABOUTGMFOODTAKEATESTONFASTREADINGREADAHUMOROUSSTORYABOUTPREPARINGDINNERTHROUGHTHEINTERNETREADANINTERESTINGESSAYONTHEMETAPHORSOFFOODFOODFIGHTBYJEFFREYKLUGERNOWADAYSMOREANDMOREGENETICALLYENGINEEREDCROPSCOMEINTOBEINGANDBECOMEPARTOFOURDAILYFOODARETHEYSAFETOBECONSUMEDDONTTHEYHAVEANYBADEFFECTSTHEPUBLICBECOMESKEPTICALABOUTTHEM,ANDEVENPROTESTAGAINSTTHEMTHEGOVERNMENTSHAVEBEENINAHEATEDBATTLEOVERTHEISSUEWHATSTHERESULTOFTHEBATTLECANPROTESTERSGETWHATTHEYWANTPLEASEREADTHEFOLLOWINGARTICLEFORTHEANSWERSTHEFOLKSATMCDONALDSCOULDNOTHAVEEXPECTEDANESPECIALLYWARMRECEPTIONINFRANCE,BUTTHEMANUREINTHEPARKINGLOTSSTILLMUSTHAVETAKENTHEMBYSURPRISEFORTHEPASTTHREEWEEKSITSBEENHARDTOVISITAMCDONALDSANYWHEREINFRANCEWITHOUTRUNNINGTHERISKOFENCOUNTERINGMOUNTAINSOFFRESHMANUREASWELLASNOTSOFRESHFRUITSANDVEGETABLESDUMPEDINFRONTOFTHERESTAURANTSBYPROTESTINGFARMERSTHERESALOTABOUTMCDONALDSTHATANGERSTHEFARMERSITSSAMENESS,ITSBLANDNESS,THECULINARYHEGEMONYITREPRESENTSYETATTHEOUTSETTHEDEMONSTRATIONSWEREREMARKABLYGENTEEL,WITHPROTESTERSOCCUPYINGRESTAURANTSANDOFFERINGCUSTOMERSANALTERNATIVEMEALOFBAGUETTESSTUFFEDWITHCHEESEORFOIEGRASBUTLATELYTHINGSHAVETURNEDNASTYPROTESTERSAREFINDINGEVERMORETODISLIKEABOUTTHEUNIQUELYAMERICANFOODESPECIALLYTHEVERYGENESTHATMAKETHEMCDONALDSBEEFORBUNORPOTATOWHATITISAROUNDTHEWORLDPEOPLEARETAKINGACLOSERLOOKATTHEGENETICMAKEUPOFWHATTHEYREEATINGANDGROWINGUNEASYWITHWHATTHEYSEEOVERTHEPASTDECADE,GENETICALLYMODIFIEDGMFOODHASBECOMEANINCREASINGLYCOMMONPHENOMENONASSCIENTISTSHAVEREWOVENTHEGENESOFCOUNTLESSFRUITSANDVEGETABLES,TURNINGEVERYDAYCROPSINTOBERCROPSABLETORESISTFROST,WITHSTANDHERBICIDESANDEVENPRODUCETHEIROWNPESTICIDESINALL,MORETHAN4500GMPLANTSHAVEBEENTESTED,ANDATLEAST40INCLUDING13VARIETIESOFCORN,11VARIETIESOFTOMATOESANDFOURVARIETIESOFSOYBEANSHAVECLEAREDGOVERNMENTREVIEWSFORBIOTECHCOMPANIESSUCHASMONSANTO,BASEDINTHEUS,ANDNOVARTISAG,BASEDINSWITZERLAND,THERISEOFGMTECHNOLOGYHASMEANTBOOMTIMESSALESOFGMSEEDSROSEINVALUEFROM75MILLIONIN1995TO15BILLIONLASTYEAR,ANDTHECROPSTHEYPRODUCEARETURNINGUPNOTONLYONPRODUCESHELVESBUTALSOINPROCESSEDFOODSFROMCOOKIESTOPOTATOCHIPSTOBABYFOODBUTMANYPEOPLEQUESTIONWHETHERITSAGOODIDEAFORFALLIBLEHUMANBEINGSTOGOMUCKINGABOUTWITHTHEGENESOFOTHERSPECIESITSONETHINGIFASCIENTIFICEXPERIMENTGOESWRONGINALAB,THEYSAY,BUTSOMETHINGELSEENTIRELYIFITWINDSUPONYOURDINNERPLATETODATE,THERESNOTHINGTOSUGGESTTHATREENGINEEREDPLANTSHAVEEVERDONEANYONEANYHARMNONETHELESS,THEEUROPEANUNIONHASBLOCKEDTHEIMPORTATIONOFSOMEGMCROPS,ANDSINCE1997HASREQUIREDTHATFOODSTHATCONTAINENGINEEREDDNAMUSTBELABELEDASSUCHPLENTYOFTRADEWATCHERSINWASHINGTONSEETHEEUROPEANACTIONSASONEMORETWEAKFROMANINCREASINGLYPOWERFULEUNOLONGERINTIMIDATEDBYUSECONOMICMIGHTWHILETHATMAYBE,THEFACTREMAINSTHATTHEUSCONGRESSMAYADDRESSALABELINGBILLOFITSOWNLATERTHISYEAR,ANDSOMEPRIVATEGROUPSARETHREATENINGLAWSUITSTOFORCETHEISSUEEVENWITHOUTLEGALACTION,PUBLICOPINIONISTURNINGAMORESKEPTICALEYEONGMTECHNOLOGY“THEFARMERSINFRANCEARERIGHT,”OBSERVESDENNISDEMOCRATFROMCLEVELAND,OHIO,WHOSTUMBLEDACROSSTHEGMFOODISSUETHISYEAR,ANDISTURNINGITINTOSOMETHINGOFACAUSE“THERESNOTHINGMOREPERSONALTHANFOOD“IFTHEOUTCRYINFRANCEINDEEDPORTENDSGLOBALTROUBLE,ITSBYNOMEANSCLEARWHETHERITOUGHTTOFORALLTHECONTROVERSYTHATGMTECHNOLOGYISCAUSING,THEFACTISTHATBIOTECHCOMPANIESHAVESUCCEEDEDINDREAMINGUPSOMEEXTRAORDINARYPLANTSMONSANTO,WHICHPRODUCESTHEHUGELYPOPULARHERBICIDEROUNDUP,HASMADEJUSTASBIGAHITWITHITSLINEOFGENETICALLYMODIFIEDCROPSTHATAREIMMUNETOTHEROUNDUPPOISONTHANKSTOAGENETHATCOMPANYSCIENTISTSTWEEZEDOUTOFTHECOMMONPETUNIAANDKNITTEDINTOTHEIRFOODPLANTSOTHERGMCROPSHAVEBEENDESIGNEDTOINCLUDEAFEWSCRAPSOFDNAFROMACOMMONBACTERIUM,RENDERINGTHEPLANTSTOXICTOLEAFCHEWINGINSECTSBUTNOTTOHUMANSSUCHSOUPEDUPPLANTSAREUNDERSTANDABLYPOPULARWITHFARMERS,FORWHOMEVENASLIGHTINCREASEINYIELDCANMEANABIGINCREASEINPROFITSLASTYEARINTHEUS,35OFTHESOYCROPAND42OFTHECOTTONCROPWEREGROWNWITHGMSEEDSSAYSKARENMARSHALL,AMONSANTOSPOKESWOMAN“THESEREALLYDOWORKANDHAVETREMENDOUSBENEFITSTOGROWERS”BUTWHATHAPPENSWHENTHEYDONTWORKSEVERALYEARSAGO,ACOMPANYDEVELOPEDASOYBEANWITHSOMEGENETICTHREADSBORROWEDFROMTHEBRAZILNUTINANATTEMPTTOBOOSTTHEBEANSAMINOACIDCONTENTTHESOYBEGANACTINGLIKETHENUTSOMUCHSOTHATITCHURNEDOUTNOTJUSTAMINOACIDSBUTALSOCHEMICALSTHATCANTRIGGERALLERGIESINNUTSENSITIVECONSUMERSTHECOMPANYQUICKLYSCRAPPEDTHEPRODUCTLASTMAYASTUDYPUBLISHEDBYCORNELLUNIVERSITYSHOWEDTHATPOLLENFROMSOMESTRAINSOFCORNWITHBUILTINPESTICIDESCANKILLTHELARVAOFTHEMONARCHBUTTERFLY,APESTBYNOBODYSSTANDARDS“WHENBUTTERFLIESSTARTDYING,”SAYSKUCINICH,“ITHINKITSFAIRTOSTARTASKINGQUESTIONS”OVERSEAS,THEYHAVEBEENASKINGTHEMFORSOMETIMEINRECENTYEARSEUROPEANSHAVEBECOMEINCREASINGLYJUMPYABOUTBADFOODANDWITHGOODREASONSINCETHEOUTBREAKOFMADCOWDISEASEIN1996,THEAPPEARANCEOFDIOXINCONTAMINATEDBELGIANCHICKENSLASTMAYANDTHELATERRECALLOFCONTAMINATEDCANSOFCOCACOLAINFRANCEANDTHEBENELUXNATIONS,HEALTHOFFICIALSHAVEGROWNFUSSIERABOUTWHATTHEIRCITIZENSCONSUMESINCE1990THEEUHASAPPROVEDTHESALEOF18GMPRODUCTSTHEUSGOVERNMENTVIEWSGMCOMPONENTSINFOODSASMEREADDITIVESANDTHUSDOESNOTREQUIRETHEFOODANDDRUGADMINISTRATIONTOAPPROVETHEMTHISYEARTHEEUBANNEDTHE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