热能与动力工程专业文献翻译：火力发电厂先进的蒸汽温度调节控制算法_第1页
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热能与动力工程专业文献翻译火力发电厂先进的蒸汽温度调节控制算法英文翻译部分英文部分ADVANCEDCONTROLALGORITHMSFORSTEAMTEMPERATUREREGULATIONOFTHERMALPOWERPLANTSASANCHEZLOPEZ,GARROYOFIGUEROA,AVILLAVICENCIORAMIREZINSTITUTODEINVESTIGACIONESELECTRICAS,DIVISIONDESISTEMASDECONTROL,REFORMANO113,COLONIAPALMIRA,CUERNAVACA,MORELOS62490,MEXICORECEIVED5FEBRUARY2003REVISED6APRIL2004ACCEPTED8JULY2004ABSTRACTAMODELBASEDCONTROLLERDYNAMICMATRIXCONTROLANDANINTELLIGENTCONTROLLERFUZZYLOGICCONTROLHAVEBEENDESIGNEDANDIMPLEMENTEDFORSTEAMTEMPERATUREREGULATIONOFA300MWTHERMALPOWERPLANTTHETEMPERATUREREGULATIONISCONSIDEREDTHEMOSTDEMANDEDCONTROLLOOPINTHESTEAMGENERATIONPROCESSBOTHPROPOSEDCONTROLLERSDYNAMICMATRIXCONTROLLERDMCANDFUZZYLOGICCONTROLLERFLCWEREAPPLIEDTOREGULATESUPERHEATEDANDREHEATEDSTEAMTEMPERATURETHERESULTSSHOWTHATTHEFLCCONTROLLERHASABETTERPERFORMANCETHANADVANCEDMODELBASEDCONTROLLER,SUCHASDMCORACONVENTIONALPIDCONTROLLERTHEMAINBENEFITSARETHEREDUCTIONOFTHEOVERSHOOTANDTHETIGHTERREGULATIONOFTHESTEAMTEMPERATURESFLCCONTROLLERSCANACHIEVEGOODRESULTFORCOMPLEXNONLINEARPROCESSESWITHDYNAMICVARIATIONORWITHLONGDELAYTIMESKEYWORDSTHERMALPOWERPLANTSPOWERPLANTCONTROLSTEAMTEMPERATUREREGULATIONPREDICTIVECONTROLFUZZYLOGICCONTROL1INTRODUCTIONCURRENTECONOMICANDENVIRONMENTFACTORSPUTASTRINGERREQUIREMENTONTHERMALPOWERPLANTSTOBEOPERATEDATAHIGHLEVELOFEFFICIENCYANDSAFETYATMINIMUMCOSTINADDITION,THEREAREANINCREMENTOFTHEAGEOFTHERMALPLANTSTHATAFFECTEDTHERELIABILITYANDPERFORMANCEOFTHEPLANTSTHESEFACTORSHAVEINCREASEDTHECOMPLEXITYOFPOWERCONTROLSYSTEMSOPERATIONS1,2CURRENTLY,THECOMPUTERANDINFORMATIONTECHNOLOGYHAVEBEENEXTENSIVELYUSEDINTHERMALPLANTPROCESSOPERATIONANDCONTROLDISTRIBUTEDCONTROLSYSTEMSDCSANDMANAGEMENTINFORMATIONSYSTEMSMISHAVEBEENPLAYINGANIMPORTANTROLETOSHOWTHEPLANTSTATUSTHEMAINFUNCTIONOFDCSISTOHANDLENORMALDISTURBANCESANDMAINTAINKEYPROCESSPARAMETERSINPRESPECIFIEDLOCALOPTIMALLEVELSDESPITETHEIRGREATSUCCESS,DCSHAVELITTLEFUNCTIONFORABNORMALANDNONROUTINEOPERATIONBECAUSETHECLASSICALPROPORTIONALINTEGRALDERIVATIVEPIDCONTROLISWIDELYUSEDBYTHEDCSPIDCONTROLLERSEXHIBITPOORPERFORMANCEWHENAPPLIEDTOPROCESSCONTAININGUNKNOWNNONLINEARITYANDTIMEDELAYSTHECOMPLEXITYOFTHESEPROBLEMSANDTHEDIFFICULTIESINIMPLEMENTINGCONVENTIONALCONTROLLERSTOELIMINATEVARIATIONSINPIDTUNINGMOTIVATETHEUSEOFOTHERKINDOFCONTROLLERS,SUCHASMODELBASEDCONTROLLERSANDINTELLIGENTCONTROLLERSTHISPAPERPROPOSESAMODELBASEDCONTROLLERSUCHASDYNAMICMATRIXCONTROLLERDMCANDANINTELLIGENTCONTROLLERBASEDONFUZZYLOGICASANALTERNATIVECONTROLSTRATEGYAPPLIEDTOREGULATETHESTEAMTEMPERATUREOFTHETHERMALPOWERPLANTTHETEMPERATUREREGULATIONISCONSIDEREDTHEMOSTDEMANDEDCONTROLLOOPINTHESTEAMGENERATIONPROCESSTHESTEAMTEMPERATUREDEVIATIONMUSTBEKEPTWITHINATIGHTVARIATIONRANKINORDERTOASSURESAFEOPERATION,IMPROVEEFFICIENCYANDINCREASETHELIFESPANOFTHEEQUIPMENTMOREOVER,THEREAREMANYMUTUALINTERACTIONSBETWEENSTEAMTEMPERATURECONTROLLOOPSTHATHAVEBEENCONSIDEREDOTHERIMPORTANTFACTORISTHETIMEDELAYITISWELLKNOWTHATTHETIMEDELAYMAKESTHETEMPERATURELOOPSHARDTOTUNETHECOMPLEXITYOFTHESEPROBLEMSANDDIFFICULTIESTOIMPLEMENTPIDCONVENTIONALCONTROLLERSMOTIVATETORESEARCHTHEUSEOFMODELPREDICTIVECONTROLLERSSUCHASTHEDMCORINTELLIGENTCONTROLTECHNIQUESSUCHASTHEFUZZYLOGICCONTROLLERFLCASASOLUTIONFORCONTROLLINGSYSTEMSINWHICHTIMEDELAYS,ANDNONLINEARBEHAVIORNEEDTOBEADDRESSED3,4THEPAPERISORGANIZEDASFOLLOWSABRIEFDESCRIPTIONOFTHEDMCISPRESENTEDINSECTION2THEFLCDESIGNISDESCRIBEDINSECTION3SECTION4PRESENTSTHEIMPLEMENTATIONOFBOTHCONTROLLERSDMCANDFLCTOREGULATETHESUPERHEATEDANDREHEATEDSTEAMTEMPERATUREOFATHERMALPOWERPLANTTHEPERFORMANCEOFTHEFLCCONTROLLERWASEVALUATEDAGAINSTTWOOTHERCONTROLLERS,THECONVENTIONALPIDCONTROLLERANDTHEPREDICTIVEDMCCONTROLLERRESULTSAREPRESENTEDINSECTION5FINALLY,THEMAINSETOFCONCLUSIONSACCORDINGTOTHEANALYSISANDRESULTSDERIVEDFROMTHEPERFORMANCEOFCONTROLLERSISPRESENTEDINSECTION6DYNAMICMATRIXCONTROLTHEDMCISAKINDOFMODELBASEDPREDICTIVECONTROLFIG1THISCONTROLLERWASDEVELOPEDTOIMPROVECONTROLOFOILREFINEMENTPROCESSES5THEDMCANDOTHERPREDICTIVECONTROLTECHNIQUESSUCHASTHEGENERALIZEDPREDICTIVECONTROL6ORSMITHPREDICTOR6ALGORITHMSAREBASEDONPASTANDPRESENTINFORMATIONOFCONTROLLEDANDMANIPULATEDVARIABLESTOPREDICTTHEFUTURESTATEOFTHEPROCESSTHEDMCISBASEDONATIMEDOMAINMODELTHISMODELISUTILIZEDTOPREDICTTHEFUTUREBEHAVIOROFTHEPROCESSINADEFINEDTIMEHORIZONFIG2BASEDONTHISPRECEPTTHECONTROLALGORITHMPROVIDESAWAYTODEFINETHEPROCESSBEHAVIORINTHETIME,PREDICTINGTHECONTROLLEDVARIABLESTRAJECTORYINFUNCTIONOFPREVIOUSCONTROLACTIONSANDCURRENTVALUESOFTHEPROCESS7CONTROLLEDBEHAVIORCANBEOBTAINEDCALCULATINGTHESUITABLEFUTURECONTROLACTIONSTOOBTAINTHEPROCESSMODEL,THESYSTEMISPERTURBEDWITHANUNITARYSTEPSIGNALASANINPUTDISTURBANCEFIG3THISMETHODISTHEMOSTCOMMONANDEASYMEANTOOBTAINTHEDYNAMICMATRIXCOEFFICIENTSOFTHEPROCESSTHECONTROLTECHNIQUEINCLUDESTHEFOLLOWINGSPROCEDURESAOBTAININGTHEDYNAMICMATRIXMODELOFTHEPROCESSINTHISSTAGE,ASTEPSIGNALISAPPLIEDTOTHEINPUTOFTHEPROCESSTHEMEASUREMENTSOBTAINEDWITHTHISACTIVITYREPRESENTTHEPROCESSBEHAVIORASWELLASTHECOEFFICIENTSOFTHEPROCESSSTATEINTIMETHISSTEPISPERFORMEDJUSTONCEBEFORETHEOPERATIONOFTHECONTROLALGORITHMINTHEPROCESSBDETERMINATIONOFDEVIATIONSINCONTROLLEDVARIABLESINTHISSTEP,THEDEVIATIONBETWEENTHECONTROLLEDVARIABLESOFTHEPROCESSANDTHEIRRESPECTIVESETPOINTSISMEASUREDCPROJECTIONOFFUTURESTATESOFTHEPROCESSTHEFUTUREBEHAVIOROFEACHCONTROLLEDVARIABLEISDEFINEDINAVECTORTHISVECTORISBASEDONPREVIOUSCONTROLACTIONSANDCURRENTVALUESOFTHEPROCESSDCALCULATIONOFCONTROLMOVEMENTSCONTROLMOVEMENTSAREOBTAINEDUSINGTHEFUTUREVECTOROFERRORANDTHEDYNAMICMATRIXOFTHEPROCESSTHEEQUATIONDEVELOPEDTOOBTAINTHECONTROLMOVEMENTSISSHOWNBELOWWHEREAREPRESENTSTHEDYNAMICMATRIX,ATTHETRANSPOSEMATRIXOFAXTHEVECTOROFFUTURESTATESOFTHEPROCESS,FAWEIGHTINGFACTOR,ITHEIMAGEMATRIXANDDHEFUTURECONTROLACTIONSFURTHERDETAILSABOUTTHISEQUATIONAREFOUNDINREF5ECONTROLMOVEMENTSIMPLEMENTATIONINTHISSTEPTHEFIRSTELEMENTOFTHECONTROLMOVEMENTSVECTORISAPPLIEDTOMANIPULATEDVARIABLESADMCCONTROLLERALLOWSDESIGNERSTHEUSEOFTIMEDOMAININFORMATIONTOCREATEAPROCESSMODELTHEMATHEMATICALMETHODFORPREDICTIONMATCHESTHEPREDICTEDBEHAVIORANDTHEACTUALBEHAVIOROFTHEPROCESSTOPREDICTTHENEXTSTATEOFTHEPROCESSHOWEVER,THEPROCESSMODELISNOTCONTINUOUSLYUPDATEDBECAUSETHISINVOLVESRECALCULATIONSTHATCANLEADTOANOVERLOADOFPROCESSORSANDPERFORMANCEDEGRADATIONDISCREPANCIESINTHEREALBEHAVIOROFTHEPROCESSANDTHEPREDICTEDSTATEARECONSIDEREDONLYINTHECURRENTCALCULATIONOFCONTROLMOVEMENTSTHUS,THECONTROLLERISADJUSTEDCONTINUOUSLYBASEDONDEVIATIONSOFTHEPREDICTEDANDREALBEHAVIORWHILETHEMODELREMAINSSTATICFUZZYLOGICCONTROLFUZZYCONTROLISUSEDWHENTHEPROCESSFOLLOWSSOMEGENERALOPERATINGCHARACTERISTICANDADETAILEDPROCESSUNDERSTANDINGISUNKNOWNORPROCESSMODELBECOMEOVERLYCOMPLEXTHECAPABILITYTOQUALITATIVELYCAPTURETHEATTRIBUTESOFACONTROLSYSTEMBASEDONOBSERVABLEPHENOMENAANDTHECAPABILITYTOMODELTHENONLINEARITIESFORTHEPROCESSARETHEMAINFEATURESOFFUZZYCONTROLTHEABILITYOFFUZZYLOGICTOCAPTURESYSTEMDYNAMICSQUALITATIVELYANDEXECUTETHISQUALITATIVESCHEMAINAREALTIMESITUATIONISANATTRACTIVEFEATUREFORTEMPERATURECONTROLSYSTEMS8THEESSENTIALPARTOFTHEFLCISASETOFLINGUISTICCONTROLRULESRELATEDTOTHEDUALCONCEPTSOFFUZZYIMPLICATIONANDTHECOMPOSITIONALRULEOFINFERENCE9ESSENTIALLY,THEFUZZYCONTROLLERPROVIDESANALGORITHMTHATCANCONVERTTHELINGUISTICCONTROLSTRATEGY,BASEDONEXPERTKNOWLEDGE,INTOANAUTOMATICCONTROLSTRATEGYINGENERAL,THEBASICCONFIGURATIONOFAFUZZYCONTROLLERHASFIVEMAINMODULESASITISSHOWNINFIG4INTHEFIRSTMODULE,AQUANTIZATIONMODULECONVERTSTODISCRETEVALUESANDNORMALIZESTHEUNIVERSEOFDISCOURSEOFVARIOUSMANIPULATEDVARIABLESINPUTTHEN,ANUMERICALFUZZYCONVERTERMAPSCRISPDATATOFUZZYNUMBERSCHARACTERIZEDBYAFUZZYSETANDALINGUISTICLABELFUZZIFICATIONINTHENEXTMODULE,THEINFERENCEENGINEAPPLIESTHECOMPOSITIONALRULEOFINFERENCETOTHERULEBASEINORDERTODERIVEFUZZYVALUESOFTHECONTROLSIGNALFROMTHEINPUTFACTSOFTHECONTROLLERFINALLY,ASYMBOLICNUMERICALINTERFACEKNOWNASDEFUZZIFICATIONMODULEPROVIDESANUMERICALVALUEOFTHECONTROLSIGNALORINCREMENTINTHECONTROLACTIONTHISISINTEGRATEDBYAFUZZYNUMERICALCONVERTERANDADEQUANTIZATIONMODULEOUTPUTTHUSTHENECESSARYSTEPSTOBUILDAFUZZYCONTROLSYSTEMAREREFS10,11AINPUTANDOUTPUTVARIABLESREPRESENTATIONINLINGUISTICTERMSWITHINADISCOURSEUNIVERSEBDEFINITIONOFMEMBERSHIPFUNCTIONSTHATWILLCONVERTTHEPROCESSINPUTVARIABLESTOFUZZYSETSCKNOWLEDGEBASECONFIGURATIONDDESIGNOFTHEINFERENCEUNITTHATWILLRELATEINPUTDATATOFUZZYRULESOFTHEKNOWLEDGEBASEANDEDESIGNOFTHEMODULETHATWILLCONVERTTHEFUZZYCONTROLACTIONSINTOPHYSICALCONTROLACTIONSIMPLEMENTATIONTHECONTROLOFTHESTEAMTEMPERATUREISPERFORMEDBYTWOMETHODSONEOFTHEMISTOSPRAYWATERINTHESTEAMFLOW,MAINLYBEFORETHESUPERHEATERFIG5THESPRAYEDWATERMUSTBESTRICTLYREGULATEDINORDERTOAVOIDTHESTEAMTEMPERATURETOEXCEEDTHEDESIGNTEMPERATURERANGEOFG1G58CTHISGUARANTIESTHECORRECTOPERATIONOFTHEPROCESS,IMPROVEMENTOFTHEEFFICIENCYANDEXTENSIONOFTHELIFETIMEOFTHEEQUIPMENTTHEEXCESSOFSPRAYEDWATERINTHEPROCESSCANRESULTINDEGRADATIONOFTHETURBINETHEWATERINLIQUIDPHASEIMPACTSONTHETURBINESBLADESTHEOTHERPROCESSTOCONTROLTHESTEAMTEMPERATUREISTOCHANGETHEBURNERSLOPEINTHEFURNACE,MAINLYINTHEREHEATEDTHEMAINOBJECTIVEOFTHISMANIPULATIONISTOKEEPCONSTANTTHESTEAMTEMPERATUREWHENACHANGEINLOADISMADETHEDMC,FUZZYLOGICANDPIDCONTROLLERSWEREIMPLEMENTEDINAFULLMODELSIMULATORTOCONTROLTHESUPERHEATEDANDREHEATEDSTEAMTEMPERATURETHESIMULATORSIMULATESSEQUENTIALLYTHEMAINPROCESSANDCONTROLSYSTEMSOFA300MWFOSSILPOWERPLANTTHESIMULATORHASTHEFULLMODELSOFEACHMAINELEMENTOFTHEGENERATIONUNITTHESEMODELSLETTHESIMULATORDISPLAYTHEEFFECTSOFADISTURBANCEINEACHPROCESSVARIABLE41DYNAMICMATRIXCONTROLDMCTHEMATRIXMODELOFTHEPROCESSISTHEMAINCOMPONENTOFTHEDMCINTHISCASETHEMATRIXMODELWASOBTAINEDBYASTEPSIGNALINBOTHTHESPRAYEDWATERFLOWANDTHEBURNERSPOSITIONFIG6SHOWSABLOCKDIAGRAMOFTHEDMCIMPLEMENTATIONINTHESTEAMSUPERHEATINGANDREHEATINGSECTIONSTHETEMPERATUREDEVIATIONSWEREUSEDASTHECONTROLLERSINPUTTHESPRAYEDWATERFLOWANDSLOPEOFBURNERSWEREUSEDASTHEMANIPULATEDVARIABLESORCONTROLLERSOUTPUTTHEDMCPERFORMANCEWASIMPLEMENTEDUSINGAPREDICTIONHORIZONOF10S,AWEIGHTINGFACTORINTHELASTCONTROLACTIONSOF12ANDCONSIDERINGTHELAST30MOVEMENTSEXECUTEDTHESEPARAMETERSBELONGTOTHEBESTAVAILABLEFORTHISAPPLICATIONINTHESTUDYOFTHEDMCPERFORMANCE742FUZZYLOGICCONTROLFLCSEVENFUZZYSETSWERECHOSENTODEFINETHESTATESOFTHECONTROLLEDANDMANIPULATEDVARIABLESTHETRIANGULARMEMBERSHIPFUNCTIONSANDTHEIRLINGUISTICREPRESENTATIONARESHOWNINFIG7THEFUZZYSETSABBREVIATORSBELONGTONBZNEGATIVEBIG,NMZNEGATIVEMEDIUM,NSZNEGATIVESHORT,ZEZZERO,PSZPOSITIVESHORT,PMZPOSITIVEMEDIUMANDPBZPOSITIVEBIGTHEDESIGNOFTHERULEBASEINAFUZZYSYSTEMISAVERYIMPORTANTPARTANDACOMPLEXACTIVITYFORCONTROLSYSTEMSLIETAL11PROPOSEDAMETHODOLOGYTODEVELOPTHESETOFRULESFORAFUZZYCONTROLLERBASEDONAGENERALMODELOFAPROCESSRATHERTHANASUBJECTIVEPRACTICALEXPERIENCEOFHUMANEXPERTSTHEMETHODOLOGYINCLUDESANALYZINGTHEGENERALDYNAMICBEHAVIOROFAPROCESS,WHICHCANBECLASSIFIEDASSTABLEORUNSTABLEINFIG7THERANGEOFFUZZYSETSARENORMALIZEDTOREGULATETHETEMPERATUREWITHINTHE20ABOVEORBELOWTHESETPOINT,THECHANGEOFERRORWITHINTHEG10,ANDTHECONTROLACTIONARECONSIDEREDTOBEMOVEDFROMCOMPLETELYCLOSEOR08INCLINATIONTOCOMPLETELYOPENOR908OFINCLINATIONINWATERFLOWVALVEANDSLOPEOFBURNERS,RESPECTIVELYINTHECASEOFREGULATIONOFTEMPERATURE,IFTHEREQUIREMENTSCHANGETOREGULATETHETEMPERATUREWITHINAGREATERRANGE,THEMETHODOLOGYPROPOSEDBYLIETAL11CONSIDERSTOAPPLYASCALEFACTORINTHEFUZZYSETSATIMESTEPRESPONSEOFAPROCESSCANBECLASSIFIEDASSTABLEORUNSTABLE,ASSHOWNINFIG8CHARACTERISTICSOFTHEFOURRESPONSESARECONTAINEDINTHERESPONSESHOWNBYTHESECONDSTABLERESPONSETHEAPPROACHALSOUSESANERRORSTATESPACEREPRESENTATIONTOSHOWTHEINCLUSIONOFTHEFOURRESPONSESINTHESECONDSTABLEONEFIG9ASETOFGENERALRULESCANBEBUILTBYUSINGTHEGENERALSTEPRESPONSEOFAPROCESSSECONDORDERSTABLESYSTEM1IFTHEMAGNITUDEOFTHEERRORANDTHESPEEDOFCHANGEISZERO,THENITISNOTNECESSARYTOAPPLYANYCONTROLACTIONKEEPTHEVALUEOFTHEMANIPULATEDVARIABLE2IFTHEMAGNITUDEOFTHEERRORISCLOSETOZEROINASATISFACTORYSPEED,THENITISNOTNECESSARYTOAPPLYANYCONTROLACTIONKEEPTHEVALUEOFTHEMANIPULATEDVARIABLE3IFTHEMAGNITUDEOFTHEERRORISNOTCLOSETOTHESYSTEMEQUILIBRIUMPOINTORIGINOFTHEPHASEPLANEDIAGRAMTHENTHEVALUEOFTHEMANIPULATEDVARIABLEISMODIFIEDINFUNCTIONOFTHESIGNANDMAGNITUDEOFTHEERRORANDSPEEDOFCHANGETHEFUZZYCONTROLRULESWEREOBTAINEDOBSERVINGTHETRANSITIONSINTHETEMPERATUREDEVIATIONSANDTHEIRCHANGERATESCONSIDERINGAGENERALSTEPRESPONSEOFAPROCESSINSTEADOFTHERESPONSEOFTHEACTUALPROCESSTOBECONTROLLEDTHEMAGNITUDEOFTHECONTROLACTIONDEPENDSONTHECHARACTERISTICSOFTHEACTUALPROCESSTOBECONTROLLEDANDITISDECIDEDDURINGTHECONSTRUCTIONOFTHEFUZZYRULESACOARSEVARIABLEFEWLABELSORFUZZYREGIONSPRODUCESALARGEOUTPUTORCONTROLACTION,WHILEAFINEVARIABLEPRODUCESSMALLONEFIG10SHOWSAREPRESENTATIVESTEPRESPONSEOFASECONDORDERSYSTEMBASEDONTHISFIGURE,ASETOFRULESCANBEGENERATEDFORTHEFIRSTREFERENCERANGEI,ITISNECESSARYTOUSEAFUZZYRULEINORDERTOREDUCETHERISETIMEOFTHESIGNALWHEREEMEANSTHEDEVIATION,DEDENOTESTHECHANGERATEANDOADETERMINESTHEOUTPUTACTIONREQUIREDTOREGULATETHECONTROLLEDVARIABLEANOTHERRULECANBEOBTAINEDFORTHISSAMEREGIONITHEOBJECTIVEOFTHISRULEWILLBETOREDUCETHEOVERSHOOTINTHESYSTEMRESPONSEANALYZINGTHESTEPRESPONSEISPOSSIBLETOGENERATETHEFUZZYRULESETFOREACHREGIONANDPOINTINTHEGRAPHTABLE1SHOWSTHESETOFRULESOBTAINEDUSINGTHISMETHODOLOGYTHESECONDANDTHIRDCOLUMNSREPRESENTTHEMAINCOMBINATIONSBETWEENTHEERRORANDITSCHANGERATEOFEACHVARIABLETHEFORTHCOLUMNINDICATESTHENECESSARYCONTROLACTIONTOCONTROLTHEPROCESSCONDITIONTHELASTCOLUMNSHOWSTHEREFERENCEPOINTSANDRANGESTHATBELONGTOEACHFUZZYRULECONTROLLERSPERFORMANCEINEVERYCASE,THESYSTEMWASSUBMITTEDTOANINCREMENTINLOADDEMAND12THEDISTURBANCEWASAKINDOFRAMPFROM70TO90INTHELOADTHELOADCHANGERATEWAS10MW/MIN,
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