单片机英文文献及翻译

STRUCTUREANDFUNCTIONOFTHEMCS51SERIESSTRUCTUREANDFUNCTIONOFTHEMCS51SERIESONECHIPCOMPUTERMCS51ISANAMEOFAPIECEOFONECHIPCOMPUTERSERIESWHICHINTELCOMPANYPRODUCESTHISCOMPANYINTRODUCED8TOPGRADEONECHIPCOMPUTERSOFMCS51SERIESIN1980AFTERINTRODUCING8ONECHIPCOMPUTERSOFMCS48SERIESIN1976ITBELONGTOALOTOFKINDSTHISLINEOFONECHIPCOMPUTERTHECHIPSHAVE,SUCHAS8051,8031,8751,80C51BH,80C31BH,ETC,THEIRBASICCOMPOSITION,BASICPERFORMANCEANDINSTRUCTIONSYSTEMAREALLTHESAME8051DAILYREPRESENTATIVES51SERIALONECHIPCOMPUTERSANONECHIPCOMPUTERSYSTEMISMADEUPOFSEVERALFOLLOWINGPARTS1ONEMICROPROCESSOROF8CPU2ATSLICEDATAMEMORYRAM128B/256B,ITUSENOTDEPOSITTINGNOTCANREADING/DATATHATWRITE,SUCHASRESULTNOTMIDDLEOFOPERATION,FINALRESULTANDDATAWANTEDTOSHOW,ETC3PROCEDUREMEMORYROM/EPROM4KB/8KB,ISUSEDTOPRESERVETHEPROCEDURE,SOMEINITIALDATAANDFORMINSLICEBUTDOESNOTTAKEROM/EPROMWITHINSOMEONECHIPCOMPUTERS,SUCHAS8031,8032,80C,ETC4FOUR8RUNSIDEBYSIDEI/OINTERFACEP0FOURP3,EACHMOUTHCANUSEASINTRODUCTION,MAYUSEASEXPORTINGTOO5TWOTIMER/COUNTER,EACHTIMER/COUNTERMAYSETUPANDCOUNTINTHEWAY,USEDTOCOUNTTOTHEEXTERNALINCIDENT,CANSETUPINTOATIMINGWAYTOO,ANDCANACCORDINGTOCOUNTORRESULTOFTIMINGREALIZETHECONTROLOFTHECOMPUTER6FIVECUTOFFCUTTINGOFFTHECONTROLSYSTEMOFTHESOURCE7ONEALLDUPLEXINGSERIALI/OMOUTHOFUARTUNIVERSALASYNCHRONOUSRECEIVER/TRANSMITTERUART,ISITREALIZEONECHIPCOMPUTERORONECHIPCOMPUTERANDSERIALCOMMUNICATIONOFCOMPUTERTOUSEFOR8STRETCHOSCILLATORANDCLOCKPRODUCECIRCUIT,QUARTZCRYSTALFINELYTUNEELECTRICCAPACITYNEEDOUTERALLOWOSCILLATIONFREQUENCYAS12MEGAHERTASNOWATMOSTEVERYTHEABOVEMENTIONEDPARTWASJOINEDTHROUGHTHEINSIDEDATABUSAMONGTHEM,CPUISACOREOFTHEONECHIPCOMPUTER,ITISTHECONTROLOFTHECOMPUTERANDCOMMANDCENTRE,MADEUPOFSUCHPARTSASARITHMETICUNITANDCONTROLLER,ETCTHEARITHMETICUNITCANCARRYON8PERSONSOFARITHMETICOPERATIONANDUNITALUOFLOGICOPERATIONWHILEINCLUDINGONE,THE1STORINGDEVICETEMPORARILIESOF8,STORINGDEVICE2TEMPORARILY,8SACCUMULATIONDEVICEACC,REGISTERBANDPROCEDURESTATEREGISTERPSW,ETCPERSONWHOACCUMULATEACCCOUNTBY2INPUTENDSENTEREDOFCHECKINGETCTEMPORARILYASONEOPERATIONOFTEN,COMEFROMPERSONWHOSTORE1OPERATIONISITISITMAKEOPERATIONTOGOONTOCOUNTTEMPORARILY,OPERATIONRESULTANDLOOPBACKACCWITHANOTHERONEINADDITION,ACCISOFTENREGARDEDASTHETRANSFERSTATIONOFDATATRANSMISSIONON8051INSIDETHESAMEASGENERALMICROPROCESSOR,ITISTHEBUSIESTREGISTERHELPREMEMBERINGTHATAGREEINGWITHAEXPRESSESINTHEORDERTHECONTROLLERINCLUDESTHEPROCEDURECOUNTER,THEORDERISDEPOSITTED,THEORDERDECIPHER,THEOSCILLATORANDTIMINGCIRCUIT,ETCTHEPROCEDURECOUNTERISMADEUPOFCOUNTEROF8FORTWO,AMOUNTSTO16ITISABYTEADDRESSCOUNTEROFTHEPROCEDUREINFACT,THECONTENTISTHENEXTIATHATWILLCARRIEDOUTINPCTHECONTENTWHICHCHANGESITCANCHANGETHEDIRECTIONTHATTHEPROCEDURECARRIESOUTSHAKETHECIRCUITIN8051ONECHIPCOMPUTERS,ONLYNEEDOUTERQUARTZCRYSTALANDFREQUENCYTOFINELYTUNETHEELECTRICCAPACITY,ITSFREQUENCYRANGEISITS12MHZOF12MHZTHISPULSESIGNAL,AS8051BASICBEATSOFWORKING,NAMELYTHEMINIMUMUNITOFTIME8051ISTHESAMEASOTHERCOMPUTERS,THEWORKINHARMONYUNDERTHECONTROLOFTHEBASICBEAT,JUSTLIKEANORCHESTRAACCORDINGTOTHEBEATPLAYTHATISCOMMANDEDTHEREAREROMPROCEDUREMEMORY,CANONLYREADANDRAMIN8051SLICESDATAMEMORY,CANISITCANWRITETWOTOREAD,THEYHAVEEACHINDEPENDENTMEMORYADDRESSSPACE,DISPOSEWAYTOBETHESAMEWITHGENERALMEMORYOFCOMPUTERPROCEDURE8051MEMORYAND8751SLICEPROCEDUREMEMORYCAPACITY4KB,ADDRESSBEGINFROM0000H,USEDFORPRESERVINGTHEPROCEDUREANDFORMCONSTANTDATA805187518031OFMEMORYDATAMEMORY128B,ADDRESSFALSE00FH,USEFORMIDDLERESULTTODEPOSITOPERATION,THEDATAARESTOREDTEMPORARILYANDTHEDATAAREBUFFEREDETCINRAMOFTHIS128B,THEREISUNITOF32BYTESESTHATCANBEAPPOINTEDASTHEJOBREGISTER,THISANDGENERALMICROPROCESSORISDIFFERENT,8051SLICERAMANDJOBREGISTERRANKONEFORMATIONTHESAMETOARRANGETHELOCATIONITISNOTVERYTHESAMETHATTHEMEMORYOFMCS51SERIESONECHIPCOMPUTERANDGENERALCOMPUTERDISPOSESTHEWAYINADDITIONGENERALCOMPUTERFORFIRSTADDRESSSPACE,ROMANDRAMCANARRANGEINDIFFERENTSPACEWITHINTHERANGEOFTHISADDRESSATWILL,NAMELYTHEADDRESSESOFROMANDRAM,WITHDISTRIBUTINGDIFFERENTADDRESSSPACEINAFORMATIONWHILEVISITINGTHEMEMORY,CORRESPONDINGANDONLYANADDRESSMEMORYUNIT,CANROM,ITCANBERAMTOO,ANDBYVISITINGTHEORDERSIMILARLYTHISKINDOFMEMORYSTRUCTUREISCALLEDTHESTRUCTUREOFPRINCETON8051MEMORIESAREDIVIDEDINTOPROCEDUREMEMORYSPACEANDDATAMEMORYSPACEONTHEPHYSICSSTRUCTURE,THEREAREFOURMEMORYSPACESINALLTHEPROCEDURESTORESINONEANDDATAMEMORYSPACEOUTSIDEDATAMEMORYANDONEINPROCEDUREMEMORYSPACEANDONEOUTSIDEONE,THESTRUCTUREFORMSOFTHISKINDOFPROCEDUREDEVICEANDDATAMEMORYSEPARATEDFORMDATAMEMORY,CALLEDHARVARDSTRUCTUREBUTUSETHEANGLEFROMUSERS,8051MEMORYADDRESSSPACEISDIVIDEDINTOTHREEKINDS1INTHESLICE,ARRANGEBLOCKSOFFFFFH,0000HOFLOCATION,INUNISONOUTSIDETHESLICEUSE16ADDRESSES2THEDATAMEMORYADDRESSSPACEOUTSIDEONEOF64KB,THEADDRESSISARRANGEDFROM0000H64KBFFFFHWITH16ADDRESSESTOOTOTHELOCATION3DATAMEMORYADDRESSSPACEOF256BUSE8ADDRESSESTHREEABOVEMENTIONEDMEMORYSPACEADDRESSESOVERLAP,FORDISTINGUISHINGANDDESIGNINGTHEORDERSYMBOLOFDIFFERENTDATATRANSMISSIONINTHEINSTRUCTIONSYSTEMOF8051CPUVISITSLICE,ROMORDERSPENDMOVC,VISITBLOCKRAMORDERUSESMOVXOUTSIDETHESLICE,RAMORDERUSESMOVTOVISITINSLICE8051ONECHIPCOMPUTERHAVEFOUR8WALKABREASTI/OPORT,CALLP0,P1,P2ANDP3EACHPORTIS8ACCURATETWOWAYMOUTHS,ACCOUNTSFOR32PINSALTOGETHEREVERYONEI/OLINECANBEUSEDASINTRODUCTIONANDEXPORTEDINDEPENDENTLYEACHPORTINCLUDESALATCHNAMELYSPECIALFUNCTIONREGISTER,ONEEXPORTSTHEDRIVERANDAINTRODUCTIONBUFFERMAKEDATACANLATCHWHENOUTPUTTING,DATACANBUFFERWHENMAKINGINTRODUCTION,BUTFOURFUNCTIONOFPASSWAYTHESESELFSAMEEXPANDAMONGTHESYSTEMOFMEMORYOUTSIDEHAVINGSLICE,FOURPORTTHESEMAYSERVEASACCURATETWOWAYMOUTHOFI/OINCOMMONUSEEXPANDAMONGTHESYSTEMOFMEMORYOUTSIDEHAVINGSLICE,P2MOUTHSEEHIGH8ADDRESSOFFP0MOUTHISATWOWAYBUS,SENDTHEINTRODUCTIONOF8LOWADDRESSESANDDATA/EXPORTINTIMESHARINGOUTPUTGRADE,P3OFMOUTH,P1OFP1,CONNECTWITHINSIDEHAVELOADRESISTANCEOFDRAWING,EVERYONEOFTHEYCANDRIVE4MODELLSTTLLOADTOOUTPUTASWHILEINPUTTINGTHEMOUTH,ANYTTLORNMOSCIRCUITCANDRIVEP1OF8051ONECHIPCOMPUTERSASP3MOUTHINANORMALWAYBECAUSEDRAWRESISTANCEONOUTPUTGRADEOFTHEMHAVE,CANOPENAWAYCOLLECTORTOOORDRAINSOURCERESISTANCEISITURGETOOPENAWAY,DONOTNEEDTOHAVETHERESISTANCEOFDRAWINGOUTERLYMOUTHSAREALLACCURATETWOWAYMOUTHSTOOWHENTHECONDUCTISINPUT,MUSTWRITETHECORRESPONDINGPORTLATCHWITH1FIRSTASTO80C51ONECHIPCOMPUTER,PORTCANONLYOFFERMILLIAMPEREOFOUTPUTELECTRICCURRENTS,ISITOUTPUTMOUTHGOWHENURGINGONEORDINARYBASINGOFTRANSISTORTOREGARDAS,SHOULDCONTACTARESISTANCEAMONGTHEPORTANDTRANSISTORBASE,INORDERTOTHEELECTRICITYWHILERESTRAININGTHEHIGHLEVELFROMEXPORTINGP1P3BEINGRESTOREDTOTHETHRONEISTHEOPERATIONOFINITIALIZINGOFANONECHIPCOMPUTERITSMAINFUNCTIONISTOTURNPCINTO0000HINITIALLY,MAKETHEONECHIPCOMPUTERBEGINTOHOLDTHECONDUCTPROCEDUREFROMUNIT0000HEXCEPTTHATTHEONESTHATENTERTHESYSTEMAREINITIALIZEDNORMALLY,ASBECAUSEPROCEDUREOPERATEITMAKEMISTAKESOROPERATETHEREARENTMISTAKE,INORDERTOEXTRICATEONESELFFROMAPREDICAMENT,NEEDTOBEPRESSEDANDRESTOREDTOTHETHRONETHEKEYRESTARTINGTOOITISANINPUTENDWHICHISRESTOREDTOTHETHRONETHESIGNALIN8051CHINARSTPINRESTORETOTHETHRONESIGNALHIGHLEVELEFFECTIVE,SHOULDSUSTAIN24SHAKECYCLENAMELY2MACHINECYCLESTHEABOVEITSEFFECTIVETIMESIF6OFFREQUENCYOFUTILIZATIONBRILLIANTTOSHAKE,RESTORETOTHETHRONESIGNALDURATIONSHOULDEXCEED4DELICATETOFINISHRESTORINGTOTHETHRONEANDOPERATINGPRODUCETHELOGICPICTUREOFCIRCUITWHICHISRESTOREDTOTHETHRONETHESIGNALRESTORETOTHETHRONETHECIRCUITANDINCLUDETWOPARTSOUTSIDEINTHECHIPENTIRELYOUTSIDETHATCIRCUITPRODUCETORESTORETOTHETHRONESIGNALRSTHANDOVERTOSCHMITTSTRIGGER,RESTORETOTHETHRONECIRCUITSAMPLETOOUTPUT,SCHMITTOFTRIGGERCONSTANTLYINEACHS5P2,MACHINEOFCYCLEINHAVINGONEMORE,THENJUSTGOTANDRESTOREDTOTHETHRONEANDOPERATEDTHENECESSARYSIGNALINSIDLYRESTORETOTHETHRONERESISTANCEOFCIRCUITGENERALLY,ELECTRICCAPACITYPARAMETERSUITABLEFOR6BRILLIANTTOSHAKE,CANISITRESTORETOTHETHRONESIGNALHIGHLEVELDURATIONGREATERTHAN2MACHINECYCLESTOGUARANTEEBEINGRESTOREDTOTHETHRONEINTHECIRCUITISSIMPLE,ITSFUNCTIONISVERYIMPORTANTPIECESOFONECHIPCOMPUTERSYSTEMCOULDNORMALRUNNING,SHOULDFIRSTCHECKITCANRESTORETOTHETHRONENOTSUCCEEDINGCHECKINGANDCANPOPONESHEADANDMONITORTHEPINWITHTHEOSCILLOGRAPHTENTATIVELY,PUSHANDISRESTOREDTOTHETHRONETHEKEY,THEWAVEFORMTHATOBSERVESANDHASENOUGHRANGEISEXPORTEDINSTANTANEOUS,CANALSOTHROUGHISITRESTORETOTHETHRONECIRCUITGROUPHOLDINGVALUECARRYONTHEEXPERIMENTTOCHANGE51系列单片机的功能和结构结构和功能的监控监51系列之一计算机芯片监控监51名是一幅一个电脑晶片,英特尔公司生产系列这家公司推出8级一个计算机芯片监控监51系列之后,于1980年8引入一个计算机芯片监控监,于1976年48系列。它属于这一类型很多行一个芯片的电脑芯片都如8051、8031、8751、80C51BH,80C31BH等,其基本组成、性能和基本教学制度,都是一样的8051每日代表51系列之一电脑晶片有一个芯片的计算机系统是由以下几个方面118微处理器CPU2在切片数据存储羊128B/256B,使用可以不读书不数据写如因经营不中,最后结果要和数据显示等3存储器存储程序/可擦写可编程只读存储器4KB/8KB,用于保存程序和数据,初步形成片但并不存储器/可擦写可编程只读存储器在一些人的电脑芯片,如8031、8032、80C等（4经营的84并肩一/四OP0P3接口,每口可以用作介绍,也可以用作输出5两个定时/柜台,每个计时器/柜台可设立和计算的方法,用来计算的外部事件,可以建立成一个时间的方式也可以和根据计算结果或时间实现控制的计算六五切断切断源头上控制系统七各一序I/O口UART异步接收世界/发送UART,它是实现一个计算机芯片和一个计算机芯片和通讯系列电脑上使用8强、时钟振荡器电路生产、水晶石英细调需要外部电容为使振动频率目前最每上述地区内的数据是通过加入单片机其中,CPU的核心是一个电脑芯片,它是计算机和指挥控制中心等部分组成,运算器和控制等运算器的可携带8人计算A经营单位的经营逻辑,其中,1TEMPORARILIES存储装置8、暂时贮存器2、8的行政协调会累积装置、B、注册登记程序国有PSW等累积计200人,行政协调委员会结束对进入检查暂时运作往往是来自一店经营者,这是经营下去,使计暂时经营成果和行政协调会此外,行政协调会经常被视为转运站,在8051年的数据传输一般微处理器一样,是繁忙登记帮助大家,表示了赞同的命令控制程序包括柜台命令详解,振荡器电路和时间等程序相当于16这是一个字节地址位的程序,其实,内容是未来IA将进行PC修改的内容,它可以改变方向,进行程序在8051电路动摇一个电脑芯片、石英晶体外,只需要相当频繁调整电容,其范围是12MHZ的频率12MHZ这一脉冲信号,作为8051年工作的基本节拍,即单位时间内的最低8051年是计算机一样,在和谐的工作基本控制打,就像打了一个乐团,按照发挥,指挥有存储器程序存储器,只能读,8051年在羊片存储数据,是可以写出二读,他们每个独立存储空间处理,处理方式是一样的,一般的电脑记忆8051年和8751年拨款程序存储程序存贮器4KB,从0000H地址,用于保存程序和方式不变数据805187518031128B记忆存储数据,00FH假地址,用于存放操作结果中,暂时储存数据和资料等无人。在这种羊128B,有32个单位字节可以出任就业登记,这是与一般不同的微处理器、8051切片和就业登记成立一个级别相同的地点安排这是很不相同的记忆监控监51系列之一计算机芯片,除了一般电脑的方式处置一般电脑先向空间、存储器和RAM,可安排在不同的空间范围内解决这一意愿,即存储器的地址和RAM,地址分配不同的空间形成同时来访的记忆,相应的存储器,只有一个地址,可以存储,也可以撞击,并以同样的访问这种记忆结构称为普林斯顿结构8051记忆分为程序存储空间和数据存储空间的物理结构,有四个存储空间我们的程序储存在一个数据存储空间之外的数据存储和一个程序存储空间、外一、结构形式的这种程序装置和数据存储与形式的数据存储,称为哈佛结构但用用户的角度,讨论8051年的记忆空间分为三类1在时代安排FFFFH座,0000H地点、从容外片地址用十六二处理数据存储空间之外64KB之一,被安排从地址0000HFFFFH64KB地址16,地点太三处理数据存储空间256B地址8使用上述三个存储空间地址重叠,鉴别设计,象征不同的数据传输的语言系统8051CPU访问片,以存储器,阻止访问命令RA用途外用一张旅游片。8051年148芯片计算机与我走/澳港,要求P0、P1、P2和P3每个港口8准确双向口,共占32别针每一个我/O线可作为引进和输出独立每个港口有门闩即登记特殊功能、驾驶人、出口实行缓冲可当门闩使OUTPUTTING数据,数据可以缓冲时推出,但这些四个功能自我同一在扩大对外开放具有时代记忆系统,这四个港口可准确双向口一/O共同使用。在扩大对外开放具有时代记忆系统,高8P2口地址见客P0口是一个双向车采用8送数据低地址/出口TIMESHARING在8051年的巡回一个计算机芯片和四个一/O港口很巧妙的设计熟悉我/港澳逻辑电路,不仅有利于正确、合理地使用港口、激励周边逻辑电路设计的一个计算机芯片有所提高负载能力和接口港口有一定的要求,因为产量等,P0和P1口的最终产量、P3口的结构,在不同的年级,所以,负载能力和接口要求其门南辕北辙相处不同于其他P0口口,其产量即将年级抵抗。在使用它的嘴巴,用共同使用,是生产事故等级亮起电路,它是利用NMOS呼吁采取抵制外,应同时输入,走出失败当被用作介绍,应该写“一“的门闩头每一个有能驾驶8P0口输出模式LSTTL载荷P1口是一个正确的双向口也作为我/海外广泛使用P0口不同产量的电路,请联系电力负荷就在有阻力事实上,反抗是两种影响,同时负责操作1配量负责,定期阻力另一种可能是导致这两个国家与接近,使总经理改变阻值近似零或一组值两形势十分沉重0时,大约是反抗,可以寄以很高的速度如果阻值很大,P1口,以妨碍国家引进高P1口高产量的电力平时,它是利用电流负载提供庇护,以此抵制和不必回答在这里介绍的是用作码头,必须写1到相应的门闩头也使操作结束。相对约20,000OHMS因负载阻力,因为在现场40,000OHMS,不会产生影响的数据,输入P2口的结构有些类似于P0口有开关这是促使口腔类似,但有些不是嘴巴大转换控制P1P3口人的多功能港口,嘴也越来越多,P1比“、“3和4缓冲门“这两个部分,使她除了精确的双向功能与P1口仅,也可以使用第二功能每针“、“一门三转功能实际上它决定将产量数据信号门闩第二产出功能在担任W1时,问到生产信号作为在Q1时,信号线可以生产W节目时,它是第一个功能,但仍是第二个功能不用软件P3口提前成立这不是硬件是在自动有两个功能OUTPUTTED当CPU进行社会主义和寻求地点所在地或字节访P3口/不是在持久排队,有在硬件门闩促使1THE经营原则P3口类似于P1口生产级的P3口,P1,P1,内有连接负载阻力划,每个人可以带动4产出模型LSTTL载荷而作为输入口,任何NMOS电路可驱动TTL或P1的8051一个电脑芯片P3口的正常发展由于产量等作出抵抗的人,也可以公开方式收藏或流失的根源就是反抗的方式,要求公开,不须具备抵抗绘画别人都准确双向口也当行为投入,要写出一首相应的港口与门闩以80C51一个计算机芯片,只能提供港口毫安的电流电产出,它是生产口去要求一个普通的计算是将晶体管、接触的阻力应该在港口及半导体基地同时为了抑制高电力输出P1P3级是恢复王位是一个着手运作一个计算机芯片其主要功能是将电脑变成0000H开始,使一个开始进行计算机芯片进行程序0000H单位除了那些进入正常INITIALIZED系统,因为它的程序操作失误或操作失误不多,为了摆脱困境,必须按国家和恢复王位,恢复太重要了这是一项投入恢复王位,结束了在8051年中国信息表寄恢复王位高有效信号,应保持24震撼周期机器周期,2有效时间段6如果使用频率前去辉煌,恢复王位信号完成期限不得超过4微妙的王位,恢复营业逻辑电路生产情况,恢复王位的信号恢复王位的电路两部分组成,包括外部的芯片完全外界产生电路恢复王位信号表交给史密特的启动,恢复王位样品电路产量,史密特触发不断每一S5P2、机器周期有一次,光有与恢复王位和经营所需INSIDLY信号恢复王位抵抗一般线路、电容参数适合6精彩震撼,是否能恢复王位高信号机会大于2周期保证正在恢复王位是简单的电路,其作用是非常重要的张一电脑芯片系统可正常运作,应先检查一下,才能恢复王位没有成功检测可以流行头和监督寄与初步示波器,并把恢复王位的关键,波的形式,并认为有足够的距离输出瞬间,也就是通过它来恢复电路值进行实现改变。ABOUTSCMITCANBESAIDACROSSTHETWENTIETHCENTURY,THETHREE“ELECTRIC“ERA,THATIS,ELECTRICALERA,THEELECTRONICAGE,ANDHASNOWENTEREDTHECOMPUTERAGEHOWEVER,SUCHACOMPUTER,USUALLYREFERSTOTHEPERSONALCOMPUTER,REFERREDTOASPCITCONSISTSOFTHEHOST,KEYBOARD,MONITORETCANOTHERTYPEOFCOMPUTER,MOSTPEOPLEDONOTKNOWHOWTHISCOMPUTERISTOSMARTTOGIVEAVARIETYOFMECHANICALMICROCONTROLLERALSOKNOWNASMICROCONTROLLERASTHENAMESUGGESTS,THISCOMPUTERSYSTEMONLYUSEDTHESMALLESTONEIC,YOUCANPERFORMSIMPLEOPERATIONSANDCONTROLBECAUSEOFITSSMALLSIZE,USUALLYHIDDENINACHARGEDMECHANICAL“STOMACH“LANEITISTHEENTIREDEVICE,LIKETHEHUMANBRAINPLAYSAROLE,ITGOESWRONG,THEWHOLEDEVICEWASPARALYZEDNOW,THISMCUHASAVERYWIDEFIELDOFUSE,SUCHASSMARTMETERS,REALTIMEINDUSTRIALCONTROL,COMMUNICATIONSEQUIPMENT,NAVIGATIONSYSTEMS,HOMEAPPLIANCESANDSOONONCETHEMICROCONTROLLERWEREUSINGAVARIETYOFPRODUCTS,YOUCANSERVETOUPGRADETHEEFFECTIVENESSOFTHEPRODUCT,OFTENINTHEPRODUCTNAMEISPRECEDEDBYTHEADJECTIVE“SMART“,SUCHASWASHINGMACHINESANDSOINTELLIGENTATPRESENT,SOMETECHNICALPERSONNELOFFACTORIESOROTHERAMATEURELECTRONICSDEVELOPERSTOENGAGEINOUTOFCERTAINPRODUCTS,NOTTHECIRCUITISTOOCOMPLEX,THATIS,FUNCTIONSARETOOSIMPLEANDEASYTOBECOPIEDTHEREASONMAYBESTUCKINTHEPRODUCTWITHOUTTHEUSEOFAMICROCONTROLLEROROTHERPROGRAMMABLELOGICDEVICESCMBASICCOMPONENTISACENTRALPROCESSINGUNITCPUINTHECOMPUTINGDEVICEANDCONTROLLER,READONLYMEMORYUSUALLYEXPRESSEDASAROM,READWRITEMEMORYALSOKNOWNASRANDOMACCESSMEMORYMRAMISUSUALLYEXPRESSEDASARAM,INPUT/OUTPUTPORTALSODIVIDEDINTOPARALLELPORTANDSERIALPORT,EXPRESSEDASI/OPORT,ANDSOCOMPOSEDINFACTTHEREISALSOACLOCKCIRCUITMICROCONTROLLER,SOTHATDURINGOPERATIONANDCONTROLOFTHEMICROCONTROLLER,CANRHYTHMICMANNERINADDITION,THEREARESOCALLED“BREAKSYSTEM“,THESYSTEMISA“JANITOR“ROLE,WHENTHEMICROCONTROLLERCONTROLOBJECTPARAMETERSTHATNEEDTOBEINTERVENTIONTOREACHAPARTICULARSTATE,CANAFTERTHIS“JANITOR“COMMUNICATEDTOTHECPU,SOTHATCPUPRIORITIESOFTHEEXTERNALEVENTSTOTAKEAPPROPRIATECOUNTERMEASURESPRINCIPLEOFMCUSINGLECHIPISANINTEGRATEDONASINGLECHIPACOMPLETECOMPUTERSYSTEMEVENTHOUGHMOSTOFHISFEATURESINASMALLCHIP,BUTITHASANEEDTOCOMPLETETHEMAJORITYOFCOMPUTERCOMPONENTSCPU,MEMORY,INTERNALANDEXTERNALBUSSYSTEM,MOSTWILLHAVETHECOREATTHESAMETIME,SUCHASINTEGRATEDCOMMUNICATIONINTERFACES,TIMERS,REALTIMECLOCKANDOTHERPERIPHERALEQUIPMENTANDNOWTHEMOSTPOWERFULSINGLECHIPMICROCOMPUTERSYSTEMCANEVENVOICE,IMAGE,NETWORKING,INPUTANDOUTPUTCOMPLEXSYSTEMINTEGRATIONONASINGLECHIPALSOKNOWNASSINGLECHIPMCUMICROCONTROLLER,BECAUSEITWASFIRSTUSEDINTHEFIELDOFINDUSTRIALCONTROLONLYBYTHESINGLECHIPCPUCHIPDEVELOPEDFROMTHEDEDICATEDPROCESSORTHEDESIGNCONCEPTISTHEFIRSTBYALARGENUMBEROFPERIPHERALSANDCPUINASINGLECHIP,THECOMPUTERSYSTEMSOTHATSMALLER,MOREEASILYINTEGRATEDINTOTHECOMPLEXANDDEMANDINGONTHEVOLUMECONTROLDEVICESINTELTHEZ80ISONEOFTHEFIRSTDESIGNINACCORDANCEWITHTHEIDEAOFTHEPROCESSOR,FROMTHENON,THEMCUANDTHEDEVELOPMENTOFADEDICATEDPROCESSORPARTEDWAYSEARLYSINGLECHIP8BITORALLOFTHEFOURONEOFTHEMOSTSUCCESSFULISINTELS8031,BECAUSETHEPERFORMANCEOFASIMPLEANDRELIABLEACCESSTOALOTOFGOODPRAISESINCETHENIN8031TODEVELOPASINGLECHIPMICROCOMPUTERSYSTEMMCS51SERIESBASEDONSINGLECHIPMICROCOMPUTERSYSTEMOFTHESYSTEMISSTILLWIDELYUSEDUNTILNOWASTHEFIELDOFINDUSTRIALCONTROLREQUIREMENTSINCREASEINTHEBEGINNINGOFA16BITSINGLECHIP,BUTNOTIDEALBECAUSETHEPRICEHASNOTBEENVERYWIDELYUSEDAFTERTHE90SWITHTHEBIGCONSUMERELECTRONICSPRODUCTDEVELOPMENT,SINGLECHIPTECHNOLOGYISAHUGEIMPROVEMENTINTELI960SERIESWITHSUBSEQUENTARMINPARTICULAR,ABROADRANGEOFAPPLICATIONS,QUICKLYREPLACEDBY32BITSINGLECHIP16BITSINGLECHIPHIGHENDSTATUS,ANDENTERTHEMAINSTREAMMARKETTRADITIONAL8BITSINGLECHIPPERFORMA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