2015年电大职业技能实训平台化工单元操作技术试题题库及答案

化工单元操作技术1、小批量、多品种的精细化学品生产适用于过程。间歇操作2、催化剂按形态可分为。固态液态气态3、氯乙烯聚合只能通过自由基聚合4、透平式压缩机属于压缩机。离心式5、釜式反应器的换热方式有夹套式、蛇管式、回流冷凝式和。外循环式6、催化剂中毒有两种情况。暂时性和永久性7、裂解乙烯过程正确的操作条件是。高温、高压、短时间8、CH4H20CO3HQ达到平衡时，升高温度化学平衡向移动。正反应方向9、对属于易燃易爆性质的压缩气体，在启动往复式压缩机前，应该采用将缸内、管路和附属容器内的空气或其他非工作介质置换干净，并达到合格标准，以杜绝爆炸和设备事故的发生。氮气10、工业上固体催化剂是由组成的。活性组分、助催化剂和载体11、俗称“人造羊毛”的聚丙烯腈纤维（即腈纶）的缩写代号是。PAN12、薄层固定床反应器主要用于。快速反应13、任何牌号的聚丙烯必须要加的稳定剂是。卤素吸收剂14、气固相催化反应器分为固定床反应器和反应器。流化床15、平推流的特征是。流体物料的浓度和温度在与流动方向垂直的截面上处处相等，不随时间变化16、乙炔与氯化氢加成生产氯乙烯，通人反应器的原料乙炔量为1000KG/H，出反应器的产物组成中乙炔含量为300KG/H，已知按乙炔计生成氯乙烯的选择性为90，则按乙炔计氯乙烯的收率为。6317、化学反应热不仅与化学反应有关，而且与。与以上三种情况都有关118、间歇式反应器出料组成与反应器内物料的最终组成。相同19、熔融指数与相对分子质量的关系是。熔融指数高，分子量低20、对于纯物质来说，在一定压力下，它的泡点温度和露点温度的关系是。相同21、化工生产过程是指从原料出发，完成某一化工产品生产的全过程，其核心县口。工艺过程22、一个反应过程在工业生产中采用什么反应器并无严格规定，但首先以满足为主。工艺要求23、以高聚物为基础，加入某些助剂和填料混炼而成的可塑性材料，主要用作结构材料，该材料称为。塑料24、工业反应器的设计评价指标有转化率、选择性、。收率25、间歇反应器是。一次加料，一次出料26、单位质量的某物质温度升高或降低1K时，所吸收或放出的热量称这种物质的。比热27、反应物流经床层时，单位质量催化剂在单位时间内所获得的目的产物量称为。催化剂空时收率28、合成氨生产的特点是、易燃易爆、有毒有害。高温高压29、化工过程一般不包含。原料准备过程30、化工工艺的主要工艺影响因素有。温度、压力、流量、空速、停留时间和浓度等31、下列叙述中不是催化剂特征的是。催化剂的存在能提高化学反应热的利用率32、在乙烷裂解制乙烯过程中，投入反应器的乙烷量为5000KG/H，裂解气中含有未反应的乙烷量为L000KG/H，获得的乙烯量为3400KG/H，乙烷的转化率为。8033、相变潜热是指。物质发生相变时吸收的热量或释放的热量34、合成树脂原料中，一般都含有一定量的抗氧剂，其目的是。为了便于保存35、在典型反应器中，釜式反应器是按照的。反应器结构分类36、离心泵发生抽空、无流量的原因可能有。启动时泵内未灌满液体泵轴反向转动吸人管路堵塞或仪表漏气泵内漏进气体吸入容器内液面过低底阀漏液你认为可能的是。全都是37、通风机日常维护保养要求做到。以上三种要求38、转化率Z选择性X与单程收率S的关系是。SZX39、基本化工生产过程中不包括的任务是研究安全与环保40、在化工生产过程中常涉及的基本规律有。物料衡算、热量衡算、平衡关系和过程速率41、在金属固体中，热传导是由引起的。自由电子运动42、评价催化剂的指标主要有比表面和内表面利用率、孔隙率和堆积密度、机械强度等。活性温度范围43、加氢反应催化剂的活性组分是。单质金属44、裂解气中酸性气体的脱除通常采用乙醇胺法和碱洗法，两者比较。乙醇胺法中乙醇胺可回收重复利用45、温度对流体的黏度有一定的影响，当温度升高时，。液体的粘度降低、而气体的粘度升高46、催化剂具有的特性。改变反应速度47、加热过程在200以下用的热源一般是。低压蒸汽48、搅拌釜式反应器应用范围广，但基本上不用于气一液一固三相反应。49、升高反应温度，有利于放热反应。50、提高反应温度，对所有反应均可提高反应速度。51、管式反应器亦可进行间歇或连续操作。52、蒸发操作是溶剂从液相转移到气相的过程，故属传质过程。53、离心压缩机的“喘振”现象是由于进气量超过上限所引起的。54、压强就是压力。55、化工原料的组成和性质对加工过程没有影响。56、化工生产中，一般收率越高，转化率越高。57、离心泵停车时，先关闭泵的出口阀门，避免压出管内的液体倒流。58、能加快反应速度的催化剂为正催化剂。59、化工生产的目的就是为了得到成品。60、油品越重，自燃点越高。61、聚合反应中，氮气常用于置换反应装置和输送催化剂等多种用途。62、提高蒸发器的蒸发能力，其主要途经是提高传热系数。63、利用电力来分离非均相物系，可以彻底将非均相物系分离干净。64、饱和蒸气压越大的液体越难挥发。65、固体物质的粉碎及物料的搅拌不属于化工单元操作过程。66、当离心泵发生气缚或汽蚀现象时，处理的方法均相同。67、含碳、氢的化合物往往都是有机化合物，而尿素的分子式为CONH22，所以尿素生产属于有机化工。68、蒸发过程中操作压力增加，则溶质的沸点提高。69、催化剂中毒后经适当处理可使催化剂的活性恢复，这种中毒称为暂时性中毒。70、提高换热器的传热系数，能够有效地提高传热速率。71、氨合成催化剂在使用前必须经还原，而一经还原后，以后即不必再作处理，直到达到催化剂的使用寿命。72、间歇反应器由于剧烈搅拌、混合，反应器内有效空间中各位置的物料温度、浓度均相同。73、转化率是指理论原料用量与实际原料用量的比值。74、工业反应器按换热方式可分为等温反应器、绝热反应器、非等温非绝热反应器等。75、压缩机的压缩比是指PL/P2，即进口压力与出口压力之比。76、一定条件下，乙烷裂解生产乙烯，通入反应器的乙烷为5000KG/H，裂解气中含乙烯为1500KG/H，则乙烯的收率为30。77、油品组分越轻，其蒸气压越高。78、ABS、SAN、HIPS都是苯乙烯系列合成树脂。79、对于一个反应体系，转化率越高，则目的产物的产量就越大。80、化工工艺是指根据技术上先进、经济上合理的原则来研究各种化工原材料、半成品和成品的加工方法及过程的科学。81、板框压滤机的滤板和滤框可根据生产要求进行任意排列。82、扬程为20M的离心泵，不能把水输送到20M的高度。83、绝热式固定床反应器适合热效应不大的反应，反应过程无需换热。84、鲁姆斯裂解乙烯装置急冷系统采用先水冷后油冷。85、离心泵在低于最小流量状态下运行，会造成泵体的振动。86、热负荷是指换热器本身具有的换热能力。87、传热速率是指生产上要求换热器在单位时间所具有的换热能力。88、当泵由于过负荷而跳闸时，应查找原因，消除后电器复位重新启动泵。89、原料消耗定额的高低，可以说明生产水平的高低和操作技术水平的好坏。90、在普钙生产中，浓硫酸稀释后冷却时常用石墨冷却器，这是因为石墨的传热系数比一般金属材料如碳钢的大。91、乙烯、丙烯属于有机化工基本化工原料。92、离心式压缩机气量调节的常用方法是调节出口阀的开度。93、化工工艺的特点是生产过程综合化、装置规模大型化和产品精细化。94、在物质的三种聚集状态中，液体分子的间距一定大于固体分子的间距。95、静力学基本方程式，只适用于连通着的同一流体中96、任何一个化工生产过程都是由一系列的化学反应操作和一系列物理操作构成。97、提高传热速率最有效的途径是提高传热温度差。98、非均相反应器可分为气固相反应器、气液相反应器。99、在减压精馏过程中，可提高溶液的沸点100、间歇反应器的一个生产周期应包括反应时间、加料时间、出料时间、加热（或冷却）时间、清洗时间等。111、设备的生产强度越高，则该设备的生产能力就越大。也可说设备的生产能力越大，则该设备的生产强度就越高。112、生产合成氨、甲醛、丙烯腈等反应器属于固定床反应器。113、在一般过滤操作中，实际上起主要介质作用的是滤饼层而不是过滤介质本身。114、提高传热速率的最有效途径是提高传热面积。115、往复泵在启动前必须打开旁通阀，运转正常后再用出口阀调节流量。116、在一定接触时间内，一定反应温度和反应物配比下，主反应的转化率愈高，说明催化剂的活性愈好。117、暂时性中毒对催化剂不会有任何影响。118、催化剂的组成中，活性组分就是含量最大的成分。119、自发过程一定是不可逆的，所以不可逆过程一定是自发的。120、输送液体的密度越大，泵的扬程越小。121、在同一温度和压力下，某物质的摩尔熔化焓与摩尔凝固焓在数值上相等，而符号相反。122、管式反应器的优点是减小返混和控制反应时间。123、在运转过程中，滚动轴承的温度一般不应大于65。124、无论是暂时性中毒后的再生，还是高温烧积炭后的再生，均不会引起固体催化剂结构的损伤，活性也不会下降。125、选择性越高，则收率越高。126、对气固催化反应，工业上为了减小系统阻力，常常都采用较低的操作气速。127、汽蚀现象发生的原因是启动前泵内没有装满液体。128、离心分离因数越大，其分离能力越强。129、往复式真空泵的轴封用来密封汽缸与活塞杆之间的间隙。130、催化剂在反应器内升温还原时，必须控制好升温速度、活化温度与活化时间，活化温度不得高于催化剂活性温度上限。131、石油中有部分烃的相A分子质量很大，所以，石油化工为高分子化工。132、消耗定额越高，生产过程的经济效益越高。133、空速大，接触时间短；空速小，接触时间长。134、影响化工反应过程的主要因素有原料的组成和性质、催化剂性能、工艺条件和设备结构等。请您务必删除一下内容，O_O万分谢谢2015年中央电大期末复习考试小抄大全，电大期末考试必备小抄，电大考试必过小抄INDONESIAHASEMERGEDASATOPVACATIONDESTINATIONFORCHINESETHISSUMMER,ALONGWITHTHAILANDSPHUKETISLANDANDTHEMALDIVESARCHIPELAGOENCOURAGEDBYGROWTHINCHINESETRAVELERSTOINDONESIA,THEGOVERNMENTINJAKARTAHASRECENTLYRELAXEDITSVISAPOLICYSINCEJUNE10,CHINESETOURISTSCANENTERINDONESIATHROUGHNINEAPPOINTEDLOCATIONS,INCLUDINGTHESOEKARNOHATTAINTERNATIONALAIRPORTINJAKARTA,THENGURAHRAIINTERNATIONALAIRPORTINBALIANDTHEKUALANAMUINTERNATIONALAIRPORTINMEDAN,BYJUSTGETTINGTHEIRPASSPORTSSTAMPEDONARRIVALOFFICIALLY,ITISCALLEDTHE“FREEVISA“SCHEMETHENEWPOLICYALSOMEANSCHINESETOURISTSCANSAVE35ONVISAFEES,WHICHWILLLIKELYMAKETRIPSTOINDONESIAMOREALLURINGWHILESUCHANARRANGEMENTALLOWSCHINESEVISITORSTOSTAYUPTO30DAYSFORTHEPURPOSEOFTRAVELING,THOSESEEKINGEXTENSIONSWILLNEEDTOGETPAIDVISASFROMTHATCOUNTRYSMISSIONSINBEIJING,SHANGHAI,GUANGZHOUORHONGKONG,ACCORDINGTOANOFFICIALATTHEINDONESIAEMBASSYINBEIJINGSANTODARMOSUMARTO,HEADOFTHEEMBASSYSINFORMATION,SOCIALANDCULTURALS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