车辆工程2000字外文翻译

车辆工程2000字外文翻译毕业设计（论文）外文参考译文题目学生姓名专业所在学院指导教师职称资料及译文FUELSUPPLYSYSTEMFORANINTERNAL内燃机的燃烧供应系统学号2014年02月24日COMBUSTIONENGINEFUELSUPPLYSYSTEMFORANINTERNALCOMBUSTIONENGINEABSTRACTAPULSATIONDAMPERISPROVIDEDBETWEENANDINSERIESWITHALOWPRESSUREFUELSYSTEMPIPEANDAHIGHPRESSUREPUMPOFAFUELSUPPLYSYSTEMDURINGSTARTUPOFANENGINE,LOWPRESSUREFUELSUPPLIEDVIATHELOWPRESSUREFUELSYSTEMPIPEISINJECTEDFROMANINTAKEPASSAGEFUELINJECTORWHENTHEFUELPRESSUREISEQUALTOORLESSTHANAFUELPRESSUREATWHICHGOODSTARTABILITYCANBEMAINTAINED,THEPULSATIONDAMPERCLOSESOFFCOMMUNICATIONBETWEENTHEHIGHPRESSUREFUELSYSTEMPIPEANDTHELOWPRESSUREFUELSYSTEMPIPEUSINGTHESPRINGFORCEOFASPRINGKEYWORDSFUELSUPPLYSYSTEMANINTERNALCOMBUSTIONENGINEAPULSATIONDAMPERALOWPRESSUREFUELSYSTEMPIPEANDAHIGHPRESSUREPUMPAFUELSUPPLYSYSTEMFORANINTERNALCOMBUSTIONENGINE,COMPRISINGALOWPRESSUREPUMPTHATISCAPABLETOPRESSURIZEFUELALOWPRESSUREFUELSUPPLYPASSAGETHATISCAPABLETOSUPPLYFUELTHATWASPRESSURIZEDBYTHELOWPRESSUREPUMPTOALOWPRESSUREFUELINJECTIONMECHANISMWHICHINJECTSFUELINTOANINTAKEPASSAGEABRANCHPASSAGETHATBRANCHESOFFFROMTHELOWPRESSUREFUELSUPPLYPASSAGEANDTHROUGHWHICHTHEFUELTHATWASPRESSURIZEDBYTHELOWPRESSUREPUMPFLOWSAHIGHPRESSUREPUMPWHICHISCAPABLETOPRESSURIZETHEFUELSUPPLIEDVIATHEBRANCHPASSAGE,THEHIGHPRESSUREPUMPBEINGDRIVENBYTHEINTERNALCOMBUSTIONENGINEAHIGHPRESSUREFUELSUPPLYPASSAGETHATISCAPABLETOSUPPLYFUELTHATWASPRESSURIZEDBYTHEHIGHPRESSURETOAHIGHPRESSUREFUELINJECTIONMECHANISMWHICHINJECTSFUELINTOACYLINDERANDAPULSATIONREDUCINGMECHANISMPROVIDEDONANINTAKESIDEOFTHEHIGHPRESSUREPUMP,WHEREIN,WHENTHEINTERNALCOMBUSTIONENGINEISSTARTEDBYONLYINJECTINGFUELFROMTHELOWPRESSURESUPPLYPASSAGEINTOTHEINTAKEPASSAGE,THEPULSATIONREDUCINGMECHANISMCLOSESOFFCOMMUNICATIONBETWEENTHELOWPRESSUREFUELSUPPLYPASSAGEANDTHEHIGHPRESSUREFUELSUPPLYPASSAGEUNTILAPRESSUREOFFUELINTHELOWPRESSUREFUELSUPPLYPASSAGEREACHESAPREDETERMINEDPRESSUREVALUEREQUIREDFORSTARTINGTHEINTERNALCOMBUSTIONENGINEBACKGROUNDOFTHEINVENTION1FIELDOFTHEINVENTIONTHEINVENTIONRELATESTOAFUELSUPPLYSYSTEMFORANINTERNALCOMBUSTIONENGINEPROVIDEDWITHAFUELINJECTIONMECHANISMTHATINJECTSFUELATHIGHPRESSUREINTOACYLINDERIEAFUELINJECTORFORINCYLINDERINJECTION,HEREINAFTERREFERREDTOAS“INCYLINDERFUELINJECTOR”ANDAFUELINJECTIONMECHANISMTHATINJECTSFUELINTOANINTAKEPASSAGEORANINTAKEPORTIE,AFUELINJECTORFORINTAKEPASSAGEINJECTION,HEREINAFTERREFERREDTOAS“INTAKEPASSAGEFUELINJECTOR”MOREPARTICULARLY,THEINVENTIONRELATESTOAFUELSUPPLYSYSTEMTHATCANIMPROVESTARTABILITYOFANINTERNALCOMBUSTIONENGINE2DESCRIPTIONOFTHERELATEDARTAGASOLINEENGINEISKNOWNWHICHISPROVIDEDWITHAFASTFUELINJECTIONVALVEFORINJECTINGFUELINTOACOMBUSTIONCHAMBEROFTHEENGINEIE,ANINCYLINDERFUELINJECTORANDASECONDFUELINJECTIONVALVEFORINJECTINGFUELINTOANINTAKEPASSAGEIE,ANINTAKEPASSAGEFUELINJECTOR,ANDDIVIDESTHEINJECTEDFUELBETWEENTHEINCYLINDERFUELINJECTORANDTHEINTAKEPASSAGEFUELINJECTORACCORDINGTOTHEENGINESPEEDANDENGINELOADALSO,ADIRECTINJECTIONGASOLINEENGINEISALSOKNOWNWHICHISPROVIDEDWITHONLYAFUELINJECTIONVALVEFORINJECTINGFUELINTOTHECOMBUSTIONCHAMBEROFTHEENGINEIE,ANINCYLINDERFUELINJECTORINAHIGHPRESSUREFUELSYSTEMTHATINCLUDESANINCYLINDERFUELINJECTOR,FUELOFWHICHTHEPRESSUREHASBEENINCREASEDBYAHIGHPRESSUREFUELPUMPISSUPPLIEDTOTHEINCYLINDERFUELINJECTORVIAADELIVERYPIPETHEINCYLINDERFUELINJECTORTHENINJECTSTHEHIGHPRESSUREFUELINTOTHECOMBUSTIONCHAMBEROFEACHCYLINDEROFTHEINTERNALCOMBUSTIONENGINEINADDITION,ADIESELENGINEISALSOKNOWNWHICHHASACOMMONRAILTYPEFUELINJECTIONSYSTEMINTHISCOMMONRAILTYPEFUELINJECTIONSYSTEM,FUELWHICHHASBEENINCREASEDINPRESSUREBYAHIGHPRESSUREFUELPUMPISSTOREDINACOMMONRAILTHEHIGHPRESSUREFUELISTHENINJECTEDINTOTHECOMBUSTIONCHAMBEROFEACHCYLINDEROFTHEDIESELENGINEFROMTHECOMMONRAILBYOPENINGANDCLOSINGANELECTROMAGNETICVALVEINORDERTOINCREASETHEPRESSUREOFIE,PRESSURIZETHEFUELINTHISKINDOFINTERNALCOMBUSTIONENGINE,AHIGHPRESSUREFUELPUMPISPROVIDEDWHICHISDRIVENBYACAMPROVIDEDONADRIVESHAFTTHATISCONNECTEDTOACRANKSHAFTOFTHEINTERNALCOMBUSTIONENGINEJAPANESEPATENTAPPLICATIONPUBLICATIONNOJPA2005139923DESCRIBESAHIGHPRESSUREFUELSUPPLYSYSTEMFORANINTERNALCOMBUSTIONENGINETHATCANREDUCEVIBRATIONALNOISEWHENONLYASMALLAMOUNTOFFUELISREQUIREDBYTHEINTERNALCOMBUSTIONENGINE,SUCHASDURINGIDLING,WHILEBEINGABLETODELIVERTHENECESSARYAMOUNTOFFUELOVERTHEENTIREOPERATINGRANGEOFTHEINTERNALCOMBUSTIONENGINETHISHIGHPRESSUREFUELSUPPLYSYSTEMFORANINTERNALCOMBUSTIONENGINEHASATWOSINGLEPLUNGERTYPEHIGHPRESSUREFUELPUMPSEACHOFWHICHHAVEASPILLVALVETHATSPILLSFUELDRAWNINTOAPRESSURIZINGCHAMBERTHATISDIVIDEDBYACYLINDERANDAPLUNGERTHATMOVESBACKANDFORTHINTHECYLINDER,FROMTHATPRESSURIZINGCHAMBERWHENFUELISPRESSURIZEDANDDELIVEREDFROMTHEPRESSURIZINGCHAMBERTOTHEHIGHPRESSUREFUELSYSTEM,THEAMOUNTOFFUELDELIVEREDISADJUSTEDBYCONTROLLINGTHESPILLVALVEOPENANDCLOSEDONEOFTHESEHIGHPRESSUREFUELPUMPSISAFIRSTHIGHPRESSUREFUELPUMPINWHICHTHELIFTAMOUNTOFTHEPLUNGERISSMALLANDTHEOTHERHIGHPRESSUREFUELPUMPISASECONDHIGHPRESSUREFUELPUMPINWHICHTHELIFTAMOUNTOFTHEPLUNGERISLARGEINADDITIONTOTHESETWOHIGHPRESSUREFUELPUMPS,THEHIGHPRESSUREFUELSUPPLYSYSTEMFORANINTERNALCOMBUSTIONENGINEALSOINCLUDESCONTROLMEANSTHECONTROLMEANSCONTROLSTHESPILLVALVEOFEACHHIGHPRESSUREFUELPUMPACCORDINGTOTHEAMOUNTOFFUELREQUIREDBYTHEINTERNALCOMBUSTIONENGINE,SUCHTHATFUELISPRESSURIZEDANDDELIVEREDUSINGONLYTHEFIRSTHIGHPRESSUREFUELPUMPWHENTHEAMOUNTOFREQUIREDFUELISSMALL,ANDFUELISPRESSURIZEDANDDELIVEREDUSINGATLEASTTHESECONDHIGHPRESSUREFUELPUMPWHENTHEAMOUNTOFREQUIREDFUELISLARGEACCORDINGTOTHISHIGHPRESSUREFUELSUPPLYSYSTEMFORANINTERNALCOMBUSTIONENGINE,OFTHETWOHIGHPRESSUREFUELPUMPS,THEFIRSTHIGHPRESSUREFUELPUMPHASAPLUNGERWITHASMALLLIFTAMOUNTSOTHERATEOFPRESSUREINCREASEISSMALLANDALARGEAMOUNTOFWATERHAMMERISALSOSELFSUPPRESSEDTHATIS,WITHTHEHIGHPRESSUREFUELSUPPLYSYSTEM,THEVIBRATIONALNOISEPRODUCEDWHENTHEREQUIREDFUELQUANTITYISSMALLCANBEPREFERABLYREDUCEDBYCONTROLLINGTHESPILLVALVEOFEACHOFTHEHIGHPRESSUREFUELPUMPSSOTHATONLYTHEFIRSTHIGHPRESSUREFUELPUMPISUSEDWHENTHEAMOUNTOFFUELREQUIREDFORTHEINTERNALCOMBUSTIONENGINEISSMALLSUCHASDURINGIDLINGONTHEOTHERHAND,THESECONDHIGHPRESSUREFUELPUMPHASAPLUNGERWITHALARGELIFTAMOUNTSOPRESSURIZINGANDDELIVERINGFUELUSINGATLEASTTHISSECONDHIGHPRESSUREFUELPUMPALSOMAKESITPOSSIBLETODELIVERTHEREQUIREDFUELQUANTITYWHENTHEAMOUNTOFFUELREQUIREDBYTHEINTERNALCOMBUSTIONENGINEINCREASESTOTHEPOINTWHEREITCANNOLONGERBEDELIVEREDBYTHEFIRSTHIGHPRESSUREFUELPUMPALONETHATIS,PROVIDINGTWOHIGHPRESSUREFUELPUMPSHAVINGPLUNGERSWITHDIFFERENTLIFTAMOUNTSINTHISWAYENABLESTHEREQUIREDAMOUNTOFFUELTOBEDELIVEREDTHROUGHOUTTHEENTIREOPERATINGRANGEOFTHEINTERNALCOMBUSTIONENGINE,WHILEREDUCINGVIBRATIONALNOISEWHENTHEAMOUNTOFREQUIREDFUELISSMALLINJAPANESEPATENTAPPLICATIONPUBLICATIONNOJPA2005139923,THEHIGHPRESSUREFUELSUPPLYSYSTEMFORAVTYPE8CYLINDERINTERNALCOMBUSTIONENGINEHAVINGANINCYLINDERFUELINJECTORINEACHCYLINDERISPROVIDEDWITHAHIGHPRESSUREFUELPUMPFOREACHBANKTIPENDSTHATBRANCHOFFFROMALOWPRESSUREFUELPASSAGEWHICHISCONNECTEDTOTHEFUELTANKARECONNECTEDTOGALLERIESOFTHESEHIGHPRESSUREFUELPUMPSFOREACHBANK,APULSATIONDAMPERISPROVIDEDMIDWAYBETWEENTHEBRANCHPORTIONOFTHELOWPRESSUREFUELPASSAGEANDTHEPORTIONTHATCONNECTSWITHTHEGALLERYTHISPULSATIONDAMPERSUPPRESSESTHEPULSATIONINTHEFUELPRESSUREINTHELOWPRESSUREFUELPASSAGEWHENTHEHIGHPRESSUREFUELPUMPISOPERATINGATENGINESTARTUPINTHISKINDOFADIRECTINJECTIONENGINEHAVINGONLYANINCYLINDERFUELINJECTOR,FUELISUNABLETOBEDELIVEREDBYTHEHIGHPRESSUREFUELPUMPUNTILTHEENGINETURNSOVERTHEREFORE,LOWPRESSUREFUELISDELIVEREDBYAFEEDPUMPTOTHEFUELINJECTIONFORINCYLINDERINJECTIONTHEREFORE,THEPULSATIONDAMPERISDESIGNEDTOPROVIDECOMMUNICATIONBETWEENTHEHIGHPRESSUREPIPESYSTEMANDTHELOWPRESSUREPIPESYSTEMFOREXAMPLE,FIG6ISASECTIONALVIEWOFSUCHAPULSATIONDAMPER215,FIG7ISASECTIONALVIEWTAKENALONGLINEVIIVIIOFFIG6,ANDFIG8ISASECTIONALVIEWTAKENALONGLINEVIIIVIIIOFFIG7ASSHOWNINFIGS6TO8,GROOVES223A,223B,223C,AND223DAREPROVIDEDINANENDFACEIE,THEUPPERSURFACEINFIG8THATABUTSAGAINSTACONTACTINGMEMBER226AOFTHEPULSATIONDAMPER215THEREFORE,WHENTHEFEEDPRESSUREISLOW,THESPRING226DPRESSESTHECONTACTINGMEMBER226AAGAINSTTHEUPPERSURFACEOFTHEMEMBERTHATFORMSTHEINLET222ANDTHEOUTLET224INTHISWAY,THESTRUCTUREISSUCHTHATEVENIFPRESSUREISAPPLIEDBYTHESPRING226D,THEGROOVES223A,223B,223C,AND223DENABLEFUELDELIVEREDFROMTHEINLET222IE,THEFEEDPUMPSIDETOFLOWINTOTHEOUTLET224IE,THEHIGHPRESSUREFUELPUMPSIDEASSHOWNBYTHEDOTTEDLINEINFIG8ONTHEOTHERHAND,ASDESCRIBEDABOVE,ANENGINEISKNOWNWHICHINCLUDES,FOREACHCYLINDER,ANINCYLINDERFUELINJECTORTHATINJECTSFUELINTOACOMBUSTIONCHAMBEROFTHEENGINEANDANINTAKEPASSAGEFUELINJECTORTHATINJECTSFUELINTOANINTAKEPASSAGEINTHISENGINE,FUELISINJECTEDDIVIDEDBETWEENTHEINCYLINDERFUELINJECTORANDTHEINTAKEPASSAGEFUELINJECTORACCORDINGTOTHEENGINESPEEDANDTHELOADONTHEINTERNALCOMBUSTIONENGINETHISENGINEISALSOPROVIDEDWITHTHEPULSATIONDAMPERSHOWNINFIGS6TO8篇二车辆工程外文翻译（本文截取的是一篇国外学生的毕业论文中的一段论文名字是“ACOMPREHENSIVETHERMALMANAGEMENTSYSTEMMODELFORHYBRIDELECTRICVEHICLES”）THEAUTOMOTIVEINDUSTRYISFACINGUNPRECEDENTEDCHALLENGESDUETOENERGYANDENVIRONMENTALISSUESTHEEMISSIONREGULATIONISBECOMINGSTRICTANDTHEPRICEOFOILISINCREASINGTHUS,THEAUTOMOTIVEINDUSTRYREQUIRESHIGHEFFICIENCYPOWERTRAINSFORAUTOMOBILESTOREDUCEFUELCONSUMPTIONANDEMISSIONSAMONGHIGHEFFICIENCYPOWERTRAINVEHICLES,HYBRIDELECTRICVEHICLESHEVSAREUNDERDEVELOPMENTANDINPRODUCTIONASONEPOTENTIALSOLUTIONTOTHESEPROBLEMSTHUS,ONEOFTHEMOSTCRITICALOBJECTIVESOFTHEHEVDEVELOPMENTISIMPROVINGFUELECONOMYTHEREAREMANYWAYSOFMAXIMIZINGTHEFUELECONOMYOFAVEHICLESUCHASBRAKEPOWERREGENERATION，EFFICIENTENGINEOPERATION，PARASITICLOSSMINIMIZATION，REDUCTIONOFVEHICLEAERODYNAMICDRAG,ANDENGINEIDLESTOPFIGURE1COMPARESTHEBALANCEOFTHEENERGYOFACONVENTIONALVEHICLEWITHAHYBRIDELECTRICVEHICLE。ASCANBESEENINFIGURE1,THEHYBRIDVEHICLESAVESFUELBYUTILIZINGENGINEIDLESTOP,BRAKEPOWERREGENERATION,ANDEFFICIENTENGINEOPERATIONFIGURE1ALSOSHOWSTHATTHEFUELCONSUMEDBYTHEACCESSORIES,WHICHINCLUDEVEHICLECOOLINGSYSTEMVCS,CLIMATECONTROLSYSTEMCCS,ANDELECTRICACCESSORIES,ISNOTNEGLIGIBLECOMPAREDWITHTHEFUELCONSUMEDBYTHEVEHICLEPROPULSIONSYSTEMINADDITION,THEPORTIONOFTHEENERGYCONSUMPTIONOFTHEACCESSORIESINHEVSISBIGGERTHANTHATOFCONVENTIONALVEHICLESTHISOBSERVATIONSUGGESTSTHATTHEEFFICIENTACCESSORYSYSTEM,PARTICULARLYTHEVCSANDCCS,ISMOREIMPORTANTINHIGHEFFICIENCYVEHICLESBECAUSETHEYHAVEMOREEFFECTONTHEFUELECONOMYTHEEFFECTOFTHEAUXILIARYLOADONTHEFUELECONOMYOFHIGHEFFICIENCYVEHICLESSTUDIEDBYFARRINGTONETAL2THEYEXAMINEDTHEEFFECTOFAUXILIARYLOADONVEHICLEFUELECONOMYVIAAFOCUSONCLIMATECONTROLSYSTEMFIGURE2COMPARESTHEIMPACTOFAUXILIARYLOAD,IETHEPOWERCONSUMEDBYACCESSORYSYSTEMS,ONTHEFUELECONOMYOFTHECONVENTIONALANDHIGHFUELECONOMYVEHICLEASSHOWNINTHEFIGURE,AHIGHFUELECONOMYVEHICLEISMUCHMOREAFFECTEDBYTHEAUXILIARYLOADTHANACONVENTIONALVEHICLETHEREFORE,MOREEFFICIENTTHERMALMANAGEMENTSYSTEMSINCLUDINGVCSANDCCSAREESSENTIALFORHEVFIGURE1ENERGYFLOWFORVARIOUSVEHICLECONFIGURATIONSAICE,THECONVENTIONALINTERNALCOMBUSTION,SPARKIGNITIONENGINEBHICE,AHYBRIDVEHICLETHATINCLUDESANELECTRICMOTORANDPARALLELDRIVETRAINWHICHELIMINATESIDLINGLOSSANDCAPTURESSOMEENERGYOFBRAKING1FIGURE2COMPARISONOFFUELECONOMYIMPACTSOFAUXILIARYLOADSBETWEENACONVENTIONALVEHICLEANDAHIGHFUELECONOMYVEHICLE2ACHIEVINGEFFICIENTVCSANDCCSFORHEVSREQUIRESMEETINGPARTICULARDESIGNCHALLENGESOFTHEVCSANDCCSTHEDESIGNOFTHEVCSANDCCSFORHEVSISDIFFERENTFROMTHOSEFORCONVENTIONALVEHICLESVCSDESIGNFORHEVSISMUCHMORECOMPLICATEDTHANTHATOFCONVENTIONALVEHICLESBECAUSETHEPOWERTRAINOFHEVSHASADDITIONALPOWERTRAINCOMPONENTSFURTHERMORE,THEADDITIONALPOWERTRAINCOMPONENTSAREOPERATEDATDIFFERENTTEMPERATURESANDTHEYAREOPERATEDINDEPENDENTLYOFTHEENGINEOPERATIONTHEDESIGNOFCCSFORHEVSISALSODIFFERENTFROMTHATOFCONVENTIONALVEHICLESBECAUSETHETEMPERATUREOFTHEBATTERYPACKINHEVSISCONTROLLEDBYTHECCSTHUS,THEHEATLOADFORTHECCSOFHEVSISMUCHHIGHERTHANTHATFORTHECCSOFCONVENTIONALVEHICLESTHUS,THISISANOTHERCHALLENGEFORTHEDESIGNOFTHEVTMSFORHEVSASNOTEDABOVE,THESEADDITIONALPOWERTRAINCOMPONENTSSUCHASAGENERATOR,DRIVEMOTORS,ALARGEBATTERYPACK,ANDAPOWERBUSREQUIREPROPERTHERMALMANAGEMENTTOPREVENTTHERMALRUNAWAYOFTHEPOWERELECTRONICSUSEDFORTHEELECTRICPOWERTRAINCOMPONENTSTHUS,THETHERMALMANAGEMENTOFTHEPOWERELECTRONICSANDELECTRICMACHINESISONEOFTHECHALLENGESFORTHEHEVDEVELOPMENTANDVARIOUSSTUDIESHAVEBEENCONDUCTED37GENERALLY,DEDICATEDVCSFORTHEHYBRIDCOMPONENTSAREREQUIREDASARESULTOFTHECONSIDERABLEHEATREJECTIONSANDDIFFERENTCOOLINGREQUIREMENTSOFTHEELECTRICCOMPONENTSINTHECOOLINGSYSTEMOFHEVS,ACOOLINGPUMPDRIVENBYANELECTRICMOTOR,RATHERTHANAPUMPDRIVENBYTHEENGINE,ISUSEDFORTHECOOLINGCIRCUITOFTHEELECTRICPOWERTRAINCOMPONENTSBECAUSETHEYNEEDCOOLINGEVENWHENTHEENGINEISTURNEDOFFTHEBENEFITSOFACONTROLLABLEELECTRICPUMPOVERTHEMECHANICALPUMPWERESTUDIEDBYCHOETAL8INTHECASEOFTHECOOLINGSYSTEMFORAMEDIUMDUTYDIESELENGINETHEYUSEDNUMERICALSIMULATIONSTOASSESSTHEFUELECONOMYANDCOOLINGPERFORMANCEANDITISFOUNDTHATTHEUSAGEOFANELECTRICPUMPINPLACEOFTHEMECHANICALPUMPCANREDUCEPOWERCONSUMPTIONBYTHEPUMPANDPERMITDOWNSIZINGOFTHERADIATORINADDITIONTOTHOSEBENEFITS,THEUSEOFANELECTRICPUMPMAKESTHECONFIGURATIONOFTHECOOINGCIRCUITSINHYBRIDVEHICLESRELATIVELYFLEXIBLEINTERMSOFGROUPINGCOMPONENTSINDIFFERENTCIRCUITSHOWEVER,THISFLEXIBILITYRAISESANISSUEINOPTIMIZINGCOOLINGCIRCUITARCHITECTUREBECAUSEOFTHECOMPLEXITYOFTHESYSTEMANDTHEPARASITICPOWERCONSUMPTIONOFTHECOOLINGSYSTEMTHEPERFORMANCEANDPOWERCONSUMPTIONOFTHECOOLINGSYSTEMAREALSOVERYSENSITIVETOTHEPOWERTRAINOPERATIONTHEPOWERTRAINOPERATIONISDETERMINEDBYTHEPOWERMANAGEMENTSTRATEGY,WHICHCHANGESINRESPONSETODRIVINGCONDITIONSOFHEVSTHEREFORE,THEEFFECTSOFDRIVINGCONDITIONSMUSTBECONSIDEREDDURINGTHEDESIGNPROCESSOFTHECOOLINGSYSTEMTHUS,INLIGHTOFTHESEADDITIONALCOMPONENTS,DESIGNFLEXIBILITY,ANDTHEEFFECTSBYVEHICLEDRIVINGCONDITION,ITISCLEARTHATTHEDESIGNOFTHEVCSFORHEVSDEMANDSASTRATEGICAPPROACHCOMPAREDWITHTHEDESIGNOFTHEVCSFORCONVENTIONALVEHICLESANOTHERCHALLENGEINDESIGNINGTHEVTMSFORHEVSISMANAGINGTHECABINHEATLOADGENERATEDASARESULTOFTHEPLACEMENTOFTHEBATTERYPACKINTHEPASSENGERCOMPARTMENTINHEVS,THEBATTERYPACKISLOCATEDONBOARDBECAUSEOFITSLOWEROPERATINGTEMPERATURECOMPAREDWITHPOWERTRAINCOMPONENTSTHEREFORE,BATTERYTHERMALMANAGEMENTSYSTEMISAPARTOFTHECLIMATECONTROLSYSTEMCCSBECAUSETHEBATTERYISCOOLEDBYUSINGTHECCSTHUS,THELOADONTHECCSOFHEVSISHIGHERTHANTHATOFCONVENTIONALVEHICLESBECAUSETHEBATTERYISTHEMAJORHEATSOURCEINTHECABININADDITION,BATTERYTHERMALMANAGEMENTISIMPORTANTFORTHEHEALTHANDLIFEOFTHEBATTERYALTHOUGHHIGHTEMPERATUREOPERATIONISBETTERFORTHEBATTERYPERFORMANCEDUETOREDUCEDBATTERYLOSSANDREDUCEDBATTERYTHERMALMANAGEMENTPOWER,HIGHTEMPERATUREOPERATIONISLIMITEDDUETOTHEBATTERYDURABILITYANDSAFETYFIGURE3SHOWSTHETEMPERATUREDEPENDENCYOFTHECYCLELIFEOFLIIONBATTERYASCANBESEENINTHEFIGURE,THEBATTERYLIFEDROPSDRAMATICALLYWHENTHEBATTERYISOPERATEDATHIGHERTHAN60CTHESAMEHAPPENSATLOWERTEMPERATUREINEXTREMECASES,LITHIUMIONBATTERYCANEXPLODEBYACHAINREACTIONGENERALLY,THEBATTERYOPERATINGTEMPERATUREISLIMITEDLOWERTHAN60CFORTHELITHIUMIONANDLEADACIDBATTERY910ACCORDINGLY,BATTERYTHERMALMANAGEMENTASSOCIATEDWITHCLIMATECONTROLSYSTEMISACRITICALPARTOFVEHICLETHERMALMANAGEMENTSYSTEMDESIGNOFHEVSTHEREFORE,ACOMPREHENSIVEVEHICLETHERMALMANAGEMENTSYSTEMANALYSISINCLUDINGVCSANDCCSISNEEDEDFORTHEHEVVEHICLETHERMALMANAGEMENTSYSTEMDESIGN篇三车辆工程专业毕业论文外文翻译2OFALLTRANSMISSIONTECHNOLOGIES,THEMANUALGEARBOXISTHEMOSTEFFICIENTAROUND96PERCENTOFTHEENERGYTHATISPUTINCOMESOUTOFTHEOTHERENDBUTNOTEVERYONECANDRIVEONEORWANTSTOBECAUSEYOUHAVETODIPTHECLUTCHPEDAL,ITISLESSCOMFORTABLETODRIVEINHEAVYTRAFFICITMAKESTHEDRIVERTIREDANDTHETORQUEINTERRUPTIONSHEADNODEFFECTONPASSENGERSCANBEWEARINGTHEDRIVERSCLUTCHCONTROLANDCORRESPONDINGTORQUEINTERRUPTIONSAREALSOTHEMANUALSWEAKPOINTWHENACCELERATINGUPTHROUGHTHEGEARBOX,EACHUPSHIFTREQUIRESTHEDRIVERTOCUTTHETORQUEMOMENTARILYBYLIFTINGTHEGASPEDALANDDIPPINGTHECLUTCHITMAYJUSTTAKEASECONDTOCOMPLETETHEOPERATION,BUTDURINGTHISTIMETHEVEHICLEISLOSINGSPEEDANDACCELERATIONATTHEOPPOSITEENDOFTHESPECTRUMISTHETRADITIONALAUTOMATICTHEMODERNTRANSMISSIONISBYFAR,THEMOSTCOMPLICATEDMECHANICALCOMPONENTINTODAYSAUTOMOBILEITISATYPEOFTRANSMISSIONTHATSHIFTSITSELFAFLUIDCOUPLINGORTORQUECONVERTERISUSEDINSTEADOFAMANUALLYOPERATEDCLUTCHTOCONNECTTHETRANSMISSIONTOTHEENGINETHEREARETWOBASICTYPESOFAUTOMATICTRANSMISSIONSBASEDONWHETHERTHEVEHICLEISREARWHEELDRIVEONAREARWHEELDRIVECAR,THETRANSMISSIONISUSUALLYMOUNTEDTOTHEBACKOFTHEENGINEANDISLOCATEDUNDERTHEHUMPINTHECENTEROFTHEFLOORBOARDALONGSIDETHEGASPEDALPOSITIONADRIVESHAFTCONNECTSTHEREAROFTHETRANSMISSIONTOTHEFINALDRIVEWHICHISLOCATEDINTHEREARAXLEANDISUSEDTOSENDPOWERTOTHEREARWHEELPOWERFLOWONTHISSYSTEMISSIMPLEANDSTRAIGHTFORWARDGOINGFROMTHEENGINE,THROUGHTHETORQUECONVERTER,THENTHROUGHTHETRANSMISSIONANDDRIVERSHAFTUNTILITREACHESTHEFINALDRIVERWHEREITISSPLITANDSENTTOTHETWOREARWHEELONAFRONTWHEELDRIVECAR,THETRANSMISSIONISUSUALLYCOMBINEDWITHTHEFINALDRIVETOFROMWHATISCALLEDATRANSAXLETHEENGINEONAFRONTWHEELDRIVERCARISUSUALLYMOUNTEDSIDEWAYSINTHECARWITHTHETRANSAXLETUCKEDUNDERITONTHESIDEOFTHEENGINEFACINGTHEREAROFTHECARFRONTAXLESARECONNECTEDDIRECTLYTOTHETRANSAXLEANDPROVIDEPOWERTOTHEFRONTWHEELSINTHISEXAMPLE,POWERFLOWSFROMTHEENGINETHROUGHTHETORQUECONVERTERTOALARGECHAINTHATSENDSTHEPOWERTHROUGHA180DEGREETURNTOTHETRANSMISSIONTHATISALONGSIDETHEENGINEFROMTHERE，THEPOWERISROUTEDTHROUGHTHETRANSMISSIONTOTHEFINALDRIVEWHEREITISSPLITANDSENTTOTHETWOFRONTWHEELSTHROUGHTHEDRIVEAXLESTHEREAREANUMBEROFOTHERARRANGEMENTSINCLUDINGFRONTDRIVEVEHICLESWHERETHEENGINEISMOUNTEDFRONTTOBACKINSTEADOFSIDEWAYSANDTHEREAREOTHERSYSTEMSTHATDRIVEALLFOURWHEELSBUTTHETWOSYSTEMSDESCRIBEDHEREAREBYFARTHEMOSTPOPULARAMUSTLESSPOPULARREARDRIVEARRANGEMENTHASTHETRANSMISSIONMOUNTEDTOTHEFINALDRIVEATTHEREARANDISCONNECTEDBYADRIVESHAFTTOTHETORQUECONVERTERWHICHISSTILLMOUNTEDONTHEENGINETHISSYSTEMISFOUNDONTHENEWCORVETTEANDISUSEDINORDERTOBALANCETHEWEIGHTEVENLYBETWEENTHEFRONTANDREARWHEELSFORIMPROVEDPERFORMANCEANDHANDLINGANOTHERREARDRIVESYSTEMMOUNTSEVERYTHING,THEENGINE,TRANSMISSIONANDFINALDRIVEINTHEREARTHISREARENGINEARRANGEMENTISPOPULARONTHEPORSCHETHEMODERNAUTOMATICTRANSMISSIONCONSISTSOFMANYCOMPONENTSANDSYSTEMSTHATAREDESIGNEDTOWORKTOGETHERINASYMPHONYOFPLANETARYGEARSETS,THEHYDRAULICSYSTEM,SEALSANDGASKETS,THETORQUECONVERTER,THEGOVERNORANDTHEMODULATORORTHROTTLECABLEANDCOMPUTERCONSIDERBEINGANARTFORMONTHEAUTOMOBILEPLANETGEARMAINLYUSESINTWOPLACES,ONEISTHEDRIVINGAXLEREDUCTIONGEAR,TWOISTHEAUTOMATICTRANSMISSIONVERYMANYNETFRIENDSALLWANTTOKNOWTHAT,THEPLANETGEARHASANYFUNCTION,WHYAUTOMOBILEMUSTHAVEITWEKNEWVERYWELLTHEGEARMAJORPARTALLROTATESTHESPOOLTHREADFIXEDGEARFOREXAMPLEMECHANICALTYPECLOCKANDWATCH,ABOVEALLGEARSALTHOUGHALLINMAKETHEROTATION,BUTTHEIRROTATIONCENTERWITHCENTER