宫东风考研作文讲义全套

宫东风作文讲义全套POSTEDBYTDWUSAAT200511160615主题宫东风作文讲义全套宫东风作文讲义全套考研英语写作的高分标准考研英语写作的高分标准涉及以下六个方面1内容切题。审题准、不跑题。文不对题会严重影响成绩，导致写作失败。2表达清楚。语言要简洁、准确、条理清晰，主题明确。3意义连贯。遣词造句得当，表达连贯平稳。论点论据展开合理（以因果、对比、分类、定义、列举、概括、详情、时间、空间、过程或综合等方法来展开）。4句式有变化。采用适当的句式来表达相应的内容。常用句式包括简单句、并列句、复合句、主被动句、长句、短句、否定句、双重否定句、疑问句、反问句、倒装句、强调句、插入语、独立主格成分等。5用词有变化。避免重复使用同一词汇，可适当使用代词、同义词、近义词、关联词使表达富有动感。同义词的使用是衡量考生语言运用能力的一个尺度。6语言规范。符合英语的表达习惯，语法错误少，写出的英语不是中式英语。1历届考研英语写作命题总览考试年代考试题目选题范围1991年WHERETOLIVEINTHECITYORTHECOUNTRY环境1992年FORABETTERUNDERSTANDINGBETWEENPARENTANDCHILD人际关系1993年ADVERTISEMENTONTV传媒1994年ONMAKINGFRIENDS人际关系1995年THE“PROJECTHOPE”教育1996年GOODHEALTH健康1997年SOMKING健康1998年BUSINESSPROMISETHEGREENHOUSEEPITOMIZESOURPARENTSEXCESSIVEDOTINGCAREANDMATERIALSUPPLIESTHATCANPROTECTTHECHILDRENFROMTHEWINDANDSTORM,TOBESPECIFIC,THEHARSHREALITYONCEOURYOUNGPEOPLEBEGINTOSEEKINDEPENDENCEANDFACECHALLENGESFROMTHEREALCOMPETITIVEWORLD,THEYAREFOUNDTOOSPOILEDTOBESTRONGENOUGHTOENDURETHEHARDSHIPSANDDIFFICULTIESOFVARIOUSSORTSINSUM,ITISESSENTIALFOROURYOUNGPEOPLETODERIVEPOSITIVEIMPLICATIONSFROMTHEABOVETHOUGHTPROVOKINGDRAWINGSONTHEONEHAND,WECANFREQUENTLYEMPLOYTHEMTOENLIGHTENOURSELVESTOBEMOREINDEPENDENTINLIFEONTHEOTHERHAND,OURPARENTSSHOULDBESENSIBLEENOUGHTOOFFERCHILDRENMORERIGHTANDFREEDOMTOCOPEWITHTHEIROWNTROUBLESANDPROBLEMSONLYBYUNDERGOINGMOREPREDICAMENTSCANYOUNGPEOPLEDEVELOPSTRONGPERSONALITYANDABILITYNEEDEDINTHEFUTURE,ANDONLYINTHISWAYCANTHEYEVENTUALLYBECOMEWINNERSINOURCOMPETITIVECHANGINGWORLD326WORDS表格和图表题型写作目前，表格和图表题型是考研英语写作中较为常见的题型之一，也是难度较大的一种写作题型，故考生应对此类题型加强练习，熟练掌握。1表格和图表题型写作要点考生应仔细研究题目以及提示信息，看准、看清图表中的数字、线条、阴影等部分的变化趋势和走向，然后根据图表所显示的中心信息确定内容层次以及主题句。考生应该仔细观察分析图表所给出的大量信息，从中选取最重要，最有代表性，最核心的信息，然后根据全文的主旨去组织运用所获取的关键信息。考生应切忌简单地罗列图表所给出的信息。表格和图表题型写作一般采用一般现在时，但如果图表给出了具体时间参照，考生则应对时态进行相应的调整。表格和图表题型要求考生使用一些固定句型和表达法，考生应对此融会贯通。表格和图表题型可以细分为表格，曲线图、柱形图和圆形图。除了上述共同要点，考生还应弄懂这四种图在写作方面的各自特点。表格形式要求考生对表格中所给出的大量数字进行比较分析，从中找出其变化规律。曲线图形式要求考生认真观察坐标系所显示的数据信息，并且密切注意交汇在坐标横轴和纵轴上的数字及单位。柱形图形式要求考生通过宽度相等的柱形的高度或长度差别来判断事物的动态发展趋势，故考生应密切关注坐标线上的刻度单位及图表旁边的提示说明与文字。圆形图形式旨在要求考生准确理解并阐述一个被分割成大小不等切片的圆形图所传达的信息。考生应清楚掌握部分与整体，部分与部分之间的相互关系，这种关系通常是以百分比的数字形式给出的。列出各段的主题句。考生可以根据所给提纲或已知信息列出每段的主题句，为全文的展开铺平道路。严格围绕主题句展开段落。检查与修改。表格与图表写作的检查与修改应着重检查文章中所列举的信息是否与图表所显示的信息一致。2表格和图表题型的核心句型句型1ASCANBESEENFROMINTHECHART,DIAGRAMTABLEGRAPH句型2ACCORDINGTOASISSHOWNINTABLE1FIGURE2CHART3句型3ITCANBESEENFROMTHECHARTDIAGRAMTABLEGRAPHFIGURESSTATISTICSTHAT句型4FROMTHETABLEFIGURESDATARESULTSINFORMATIONITCANMAYBESEENCONCLUDEDSHOWNESTIMATEDCALCULATEDINFERREDTHAT句型5DURINGTHEPERIOD19902000FROM1991TO2001SINCE2000FORAHUNDREDYEARS,FROM1903TO2003句型6THEREISWASHASBEENASLIGHTSMALLSLOWGRADUALSTEADYLARGEDRAMATICSHARPRAPIDSUDDENRISEINCREASEFLUCTUATIONDECREASEDECLINEREDUCTIONFALLDROPINPRICESPOPULATIONPRODUCTIONPERSONALINCOMEDEMANDWATERSUPPLY句型7THEFIRSTTHINGFIRSTOFALL3表格和图表题型写作试题实例写作题目DIRECTIONSASTUDYTHEFOLLOWINGGRAPHSCAREFULLYANDWRITEANESSAYINABOUT200WORDSBYOURESSAYMUSTBEWRITTENNEATLYONANSWERSHEETCYOURESSAYSHOULDCOVERTHESETHREEPOINTS1EFFECTOFTHECOUNTRYSGROWINGHUMANPOPULATIONONITSWILDLIFE2POSSIBLEREASONFORTHEEFFECT3YOURSUGGESTIONFORTHEWILDLIFEPROTECTION参考范文ASISSHOWNBYTHETWOGRAPHS,DURINGTHEPERIODOFTIMEFROM1800TO1900,WITHTHEEXPLOSIVEGROWTHOFTHEUSPOPULATION,THENUMBEROFSPECIESNOLONGEREXISTINGSHOTUP,AMOUNTINGTO70IN1990ITISAPPARENTTHATTHEPOPULATIONEXPLOSIONRESULTEDINTHESHARPDECLINEINTHEWILDLIFEOFTHECOUNTRYWHATBROUGHTABOUTTHISPHENOMENONTHEREARE,IDOTHINK,TWOPOSSIBLEREASONSFORTHEFACTTOBEGINWITH,THEEVERINCREASINGPOPULATIONNEEDSMORELANDTOGROWCROPSANDMORESPACETOLIVEINCONSEQUENTLY,THEREISLESSANDLESSNICHEINTHEUSFORWILDLIFEMOREOVER,ANUMBEROFNEWLYBUILTFACTORIESKEEPDISCHARGINGHARMFULGASESANDLIQUIDS,WHICHSERIOUSLYPOLLUTETHEENVIRONMENTTHISHASDISTURBEDTHEECOLOGICALBALANCE,CONTRIBUTINGTOTHEEXTINCTIONOFSOMEWILDLIFEINMYVIEW,THREESTRONGMEASURESSHOULDBETAKENTOSOLVETHEPROBLEMINTHEFIRSTPLACE,THEBIRTHRATEINTHEUSMUSTBEPUTUNDERCONTROLBECAUSETHERAPIDLYGROWINGPOPULATIONLEADSTOSERIOUSENVIRONMENTALCRISISSECONDLY,THEUSGOVERNMENTISSUPPOSEDTOCREATEASMANYNATURERESERVESASPOSSIBLEWHEREALLTHENATIVESPECIESOFWILDANIMALSCANBEKEPTFROMBEINGHUNTEDANDALLTHENATIVESPECIESOFPLANTSCANGROWVIGOROUSLYLASTANDNOTLEAST,ITISURGENTFORTHEAUTHORITIESTOSETUPAFOUNDATIONTOREWARDTHOSEWHODOMUCHTOPROTECTWILDLIFE233WORDS情景题型写作1情景题型写作要点情景题型写作没有具体题目，仅仅规定一定的情景，这是一种指导性较强的写作题型，考生千万不要脱离情景，而应严格依照题目所规定的情景构思短文。特别注意以下几点情景式写作要求考生在题目规定的情景内展开构思，组织内容。仔细审题。考生应明确题目所提供的情景，是论证还是说明，是叙事还是写景。确定段落与主题句。各段的主题句使文章有条有理，同时也使考生对自己所要表达的内容有更具体的把握。平稳地展开段落。主题句一经确定，考生便可以围绕主题句，展开段落，完成全文的写作。段落的展开应该建立在段落情景基础之上，每段的重点都应集中于描述情景规定内容。考生的每一词每一句应紧扣情景，突出重点，前后连贯，表达清楚，符合逻辑。明确题型种类。情景写作可根据内容写成不同文体，如记叙文、论说文、书信报告等，故考生应该注意灵活运用相应文体的写作方法与技巧。认真检查与修改。考生应重点检查是否完全准确地包含了情景所要求的各方面内容，是否有与情景相悖或不相关的内容。2情景题型写作实例考试题目SOMEPEOPLEHOLDONTOTHEIDEATHATMONEYANDPROPERTYOFFERMOREOPPORTUNITIESFORSUCCESSINOURSOCIETYOTHERSTHINKTHATEDUCATIONPROVIDEMOREOPPORTUNITIESFORSUCCESSINOURSOCIETYPRESENTYOURPERSPECTIVEONTHEISSUE,USINGRELEVANTREASONSAND/OREXAMPLESTOSUPPORTYOURVIEWS参考范文WHICHFACTOROFFERSMOREOPPORTUNITIESFORSUCCESSINOURSOCIETYEDUCATIONORMONEYANDPROPERTYINMYVIEW,EDUCATIONHASREPLACEDMONEYANDPROPERTYASTHEMAINPROVIDEROFSUCHOPPORTUNITIESTODAYIBASEMYVIEWONTWOREASONSFIRST,EDUCATIONPARTICULARLYHIGHEREDUCATIONUSEDTOBEAMIABLEONLYTOTHEWEALTHYBUTNOWISACCESSIBLETOALMOSTANYONESECOND,BECAUSEOFTHECIVILRIGHTSMOVEMENTANDRESULTINGLAWS,BUSINESSESARENOWREQUIREDTOHIREONTHEBASISOFMERITRATHERTHANTHEKINDSOFPERSONALRELATIONSTRADITIONALLYCOMMONAMONGTHEWEALTHYEDUCATIONALWAYSPLAYSAKEYROLEINDETERMININGONESOPPORTUNITIESFORSUCCESSBUTINTHEPAST,GOODPOSTSECONDARYEDUCATIONWASAVAILABLEMAINLYTOTHEPRIVILEGEDCLASSESBECAUSEMONEYANDPROPERTYLARGELYDETERMINEDONESACCESSTOHIGHEREDUCATION,MONEYANDPROPERTYREALLYWERETHECRITICALFACTORSINOPENINGDOORSTOSUCCESSHOWEVER,HIGHEREDUCATIONISMOREEGALITARIANTODAYGIVENOURVASTNUMBERSOFSTATEUNIVERSITIESANDFINANCIALAIDPROGRAMS,VIRTUALLYANYONEWHOMEETSENTRANCEREQUIREMENTSFORCOLLEGECANOBTAINANEXCELLENTCOLLEGEEDUCATIONANDOPENUPWINDOWSOFOPPORTUNITYINLIFEANOTHERREASONTHOSEOPPORTUNITIESWILLBEOPENTOEDUCATEDYOUNGPEOPLEFROMMIDDLECLASSANDPOORERBACKGROUNDSISTHATHIRINGISMOREMERITORIENTEDTODAYTHANEVERBEFOREINPRINCIPLE,ATLEAST,OURCOUNTRYHASALWAYSBEENASOCIETYWHEREALLPEOPLEAREEQUALYETINTHEPAST,CHILDRENOFTHEWEALTHYANDWELLCONNECTEDCOULDEXPECTTOOBTAINHIGHERSTATUSJOBSANDTORECEIVEBETTERPAYBUTTHELAWSANDPROGRAMSRESULTINGFROMOURCIVILRIGHTSSTRUGGLESHAVEPRODUCEDAMODERNBUSINESSCLIMATEINWHICHJOBSAREAVAILABLEONANEQUALOPPORTUNITYBASIS,ANDINWHICHCANDIDATESHAVEALEGALRIGHTTOBEJUDGEDONTHEMERITOFTHEIREDUCATIONALBACKGROUNDANDEXPERIENCEINCONCLUSION,EDUCATIONISPROBABLYTHEMAINFACTORINOPENINGDOORSTOSUCCESSFORYOUNGPEOPLEINOURSOCIETYTHEFACTTHATEDUCATIONHASSUPPLANTEDMONEYANDPROPERTYINTHISROLEISATTRIBUTABLETOAMOREEGALITARIANSYSTEMOFHIGHEREDUCATION,ASWELLASTOMOREMERITBASEDHIRINGPRACTICESTHATGENERALLYVALUEINDIVIDUALEDUCATIONOVERFAMILYFORTUNEORRELATION347WORDS摘要题型写作摘要题型写作是难度非常大的一种写作形式。随着考生英语水平的不断提高，这种题型引起考生的普遍重视。1摘要题型写作要点动笔之前，考生一定要认真仔细地阅读所给原文，弄懂原文大意，掌握原文要点。摘要的长度一般是原文的四分之一或五分之一，考试时应遵守规定的字数限制。在做摘要时考生切忌照搬原文。摘要应与原文的观点保持一致，并且仍按原文的逻辑顺序排列。重点反映主要观点，删除细节。简化从句，用简短的语句代替冗长的语句。检查与修改时，考生应重点检查是否遗漏了原文的要点或包含了细节。2摘要题型写作实例试题题目DIRECTIONSSTUDYTHEFOLLOWINGESSAYCAREFULLYANDWRITEASUMMARYINABOUT80WORDSWECONTINUETOSHAREWITHOURREMOTESTANCESTORSTHEMOSTTANGLEDANDEVASIVEATTITUDESABOUTDEATH,DESPITETHEGREATDISTANCEWEHAVECOMEINUNDERSTANDINGSOMEOFTHEPROFOUNDASPECTSOFBIOLOGYWEHAVEASMUCHDISTASTEFORTALKINGABOUTPERSONALDEATHASFORTHINKINGABOUTITITISANINDELICACY,LIKETALKINGINMIXEDCOMPANYABOUTVENEREALDISEASEORABORTIONINTHEOLDDAYSDEATHONAGRANDSCALEDOESNOTBOTHERUSINTHESAMESPECIALWAYWECANSITAROUNDADINNERTABLEANDDISCUSSWAR,INVOLVING60BILLIONVOLATILIZEDHUMANDEATHS,ASTHOUGHWEWERETALKINGABOUTBADWEATHERWECANWATCHABRUPTBLOODYDEATHEVERYDAY,INCOLOR,ONFILMSANDTELEVISION,WITHOUTBLINKINGBACKATEARITISWHENTHENUMBERSOFDEADAREVERYSMALL,ANDVERYCLOSE,THATWEBEGINTOTHINKINSCURRYINGCIRCLESATTHEVERYCENTEROFTHEPROBLEMISTHENAKEDCOLDDEADNESSOFONESOWNSELF,THEONLYREALITYINNATUREOFWHICHWECANHAVEABSOLUTECERTAINTY,ANDITISUNMENTIONABLE,UNTHINKABLEWEMAYBEEVENLESSWILLINGTOFACETHEISSUEATFIRSTHANDTHANOURPREDECESSORSBECAUSEOFASECRETNEWHOPETHATMAYBEITWILLGOAWAYWELIKETOTHINK,HIDINGTHETHOUGHT,THATWITHALLTHEMARVELOUSWAYSINWHICHWESEEMNOWTOLEADNATUREAROUNDBYTHENOSE,PERHAPSWECANAVOIDTHECENTRALPROBLEMIFWEJUSTBECOME,NEXTYEAR,SAY,ABITSMARTER246WORDS原文要点1CONTINUETOHAVETHEMOSTCONFUSEDIDEASOFDEATHLIKEPREDECESSORS2AVOIDTALKINGABOUTDEATH3TALKABOUTDEATHWHENMILLIONSOFPEOPLEDIE4BECOMECONFUSEDANDANXIOUSWHENEACHTIMETHEDEADPEOPLEAREVERYFEWANDTHEDEATHRATESAREALMOSTEQUAL5PEOPLESFEARFULNESS6SEEMTOCONTROLNATURE7AVOIDDEATH参考摘要PEOPLEDISLIKETALKINGABOUTDEATHBECAUSETHEYJUSTLIKETHEIRPREDECESSORSSTILLHAVETHEVAGUESTIDEASOFTHEISSUETHEYTALKABOUTDEATHONLYWHENMILLIONUPONMILLIONSOFPEOPLEAREKILLEDINWARWHENTHEYFINDONLYVERYFEWPEOPLEDIEEACHTIMEANDTHEDEATHRATESAREALMOSTEQUAL,THEYBECOMEVERYANXIOUS,THINKINGTHATNEXTTIMETHEYTHEMSELVESWILLMEETTHEIRDOOMTHEREFORE,THEYFEARVERYMUCHHOWEVER,THEYHAVEAHOPETHATWHENTHEYCONTROLNATURE,THEYCANAVOIDDEATH84WORDS书信题型写作书信题型写作是常见的功能性写作形式，考生应该对书信写作的具体细节有整体的把握。1书信写作要点日期写信人应将写信日期（年、月、日）放在书信正文的右上角，如JAN20TH,2004。称呼称呼是写信人对收信人的称谓，称呼可以根据收信人的性别、职务、婚姻状况、姓名等个人信息来写，如MRWILLIAMS,MRSBUSH,PROFESSORLI,DRSMITH,DEARMUMANDDAD。如果写信人不清楚收信人的具体姓名、职务等情况，可以写DEARSIRORMADAM、TOWHOMITMAYCONCERN。正文正文是书信的主要部分，在称呼下方隔一或两行处开始。考生写正文时，要分层次进行。书信正文通常由引言、展开段和结尾三个层次组成。引言引言表明写信人的写信目的和写信背景，一般仅限于一段，一两句话即可。展开段展开段内容应详实、具体。可以分为若干段来写，每一段围绕一个主题进行展开。结尾结尾部分通常比引言部分短，使用一两句话表达一下希望或祝愿。结束语结束语是写信人对收信人的谦称，写在正文下面二至三行处。公务等较正式的信件多采用YOURSSINCERELY,SINCERELYYOURS,YOURSFAITHFULLY,YOURSTRULY等；私人信件，多采用YOURS,WITHLOVE,YOURSAFFECTIONATELY等。签名签名应写在结束语的下面。2书信题型写作实例试题题目DIRECTIONSAWRITEAJOBAPPLICATIONLETTEROFABOUT200WORDSBYOURLETTERSHOULDCOVERTHESETHREEPOINTS1APPLYFORTHEPOSITIONOFPRODUCTIONCOORDINATOR2DESCRIBEYOUREDUCATIONBACKGROUND3STATEYOURRELEVANTWORKINGEXPERIENCE参考范文DEARSIR,IAMRESPONDINGTOYOURADINT