2012硕士英语(一)、（二）试题及答案[完整版]

2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题NATIONALENTRANCETESTOFENGLISHFORMA/MSCANDIDATESNETEMSECTIONIUSEOFENGLISHDIRECTIONSREADTHEFOLLOWINGTEXTCHOOSETHEBESTWORDSFOREACHNUMBEREDBLANKANDMARKA,B,CORDONANSWERSHEET110POINTSTHEETHICALJUDGMENTSOFTHESUPREMECOURTJUSTICESBECAMEANIMPORTANTISSUERECENTLYTHECOURTCANNOT1ITSLEGITIMACYASGUARDIANOFTHERULEOFLAW2JUSTICESBEHAVELIKEPOLITICIANSYET,INSEVERALINSTANCES,JUSTICESACTEDINWAYSTHAT3THECOURTSREPUTATIONFORBEINGINDEPENDENTANDIMPARTIALJUSTICESANTONINSCALIAANDSAMUELALITOJR,FOREXAMPLE,APPEAREDATPOLITICALEVENTSTHATKINDOFACTIVITYMAKESITLESSLIKELYTHATTHECOURTSDECISIONSWILLBE4ASIMPARTIALJUDGMENTSPARTOFTHEPROBLEMISTHATTHEJUSTICESARENOT5BYANETHICSCODEATTHEVERYLEAST,THECOURTSHOULDMAKEITSELF6TOTHECODEOFCONDUCTTHAT7TOTHERESTOFTHEFEDERALJUDICIARYTHISANDOTHERCASES8THEQUESTIONOFWHETHERTHEREISSTILLA9BETWEENTHECOURTANDPOLITICSTHEFRAMERSOFTHECONSTITUTIONENVISIONEDLAW10HAVINGAUTHORITYAPARTFROMPOLITICSTHEYGAVEJUSTICESPERMANENTPOSITIONS11THEYWOULDBEFREETO12THOSEINPOWERANDHAVENONEEDTO13POLITICALSUPPORTOURLEGALSYSTEMWASDESIGNEDTOSETLAWAPARTFROMPOLITICSPRECISELYBECAUSETHEYARESOCLOSELY14CONSTITUTIONALLAWISPOLITICALBECAUSEITRESULTSFROMCHOICESROOTEDINFUNDAMENTALSOCIAL15LIKELIBERTYANDPROPERTYWHENTHECOURTDEALSWITHSOCIALPOLICYDECISIONS,THELAWIT16ISINESCAPABLYPOLITICALWHICHISWHYDECISIONSSPLITALONGIDEOLOGICALLINESARESOEASILY17ASUNJUSTTHEJUSTICESMUST18DOUBTSABOUTTHECOURTSLEGITIMACYBYMAKINGTHEMSELVES19TOTHECODEOFCONDUCTTHATWOULDMAKETHEIRRULINGSMORELIKELYTOBESEENASSEPARATEFROMPOLITICSAND,20,CONVINCINGASLAW1AEMPHASIZEBMAINTAINCMODIFYDRECOGNIZE2AWHENBBESTCBEFOREDUNLESS3ARENDEREDBWEAKENEDCESTABLISHEDDELIMINATED4ACHALLENGEDBCOMPROMISEDCSUSPECTEDDACCEPTED5AADVANCEDBCAUGHTCBOUNDDFOUNDED6ARESISTANTBSUBJECTCIMMUNEDPRONE7ARESORTSBSTICKSCLEADSDAPPLIES8AEVADEBRAISECDENYDSETTLE9ALINEBBARRIERCSIMILARITYDCONFLICT10ABYBASCTHROUGHDTOWARDS11ASOBSINCECPROVIDEDDTHOUGH12ASERVEBSATISFYCUPSETDREPLACE13ACONFIRMBEXPRESSCCULTIVATEDOFFER14AGUARDEDBFOLLOWEDCSTUDIEDDTIED15ACONCEPTSBTHEORIESCDIVISIONSDCONVENIENCE16AEXCLUDESBQUESTIONSCSHAPESDCONTROLS17ADISMISSEDBRELEASEDCRANKEDDDISTORTED18ASUPPRESSBEXPLOITCADDRESSDIGNORE19AACCESSIBLEBAMIABLECAGREEABLEDACCOUNTABLE20ABYALLMEANSBATALLCOSTSCINAWORDDASARESULTSECTIONIIREADINGCOMPREHENSIONPARTADIRECTIONSREADTHEFOLLOWINGFOURTEXTSANSWERTHEQUESTIONSBELOWEACHTEXTBYCHOOSINGA,B,CORDMARKYOURANSWERSONANSWERSHEET140POINTSTEXT1COMEONEVERYBODYSDOINGITTHATWHISPEREDMESSAGE,HALFINVITATIONANDHALFFORCING,ISWHATMOSTOFUSTHINKOFWHENWEHEARTHEWORDSPEERPRESSUREITUSUALLYLEADSTONOGOODDRINKING,DRUGSANDCASUALSEXBUTINHERNEWBOOKJOINTHECLUB,TINAROSENBERGCONTENDSTHATPEERPRESSURECANALSOBEAPOSITIVEFORCETHROUGHWHATSHECALLSTHESOCIALCURE,INWHICHORGANIZATIONSANDOFFICIALSUSETHEPOWEROFGROUPDYNAMICSTOHELPINDIVIDUALSIMPROVETHEIRLIVESANDPOSSIBLYTHEWORDROSENBERG,THERECIPIENTOFAPULITZERPRIZE,OFFERSAHOSTOFEXAMPLEOFTHESOCIALCUREINACTIONINSOUTHCAROLINA,ASTATESPONSOREDANTISMOKINGPROGRAMCALLEDRAGEAGAINSTTHEHAZESETSOUTTOMAKECIGARETTESUNCOOLINSOUTHAFRICA,ANHIVPREVENTIONINITIATIVEKNOWNASLOVELIFERECRUITSYOUNGPEOPLETOPROMOTESAFESEXAMONGTHEIRPEERSTHEIDEASEEMSPROMISING,ANDROSENBERGISAPERCEPTIVEOBSERVERHERCRITIQUEOFTHELAMENESSOFMANYPUBICHEALTHCAMPAIGNSISSPOTONTHEYFAILTOMOBILIZEPEERPRESSUREFORHEALTHYHABITS,ANDTHEYDEMONSTRATEASERIOUSLYFLAWEDUNDERSTANDINGOFPSYCHOLOGY“DARETOBEDIFFERENT,PLEASEDONTSMOKE”PLEADSONEBILLBOARDCAMPAIGNAIMEDATREDUCINGSMOKINGAMONGTEENAGERSTEENAGERS,WHODESIRENOTHINGMORETHANFITTINGINROSENBERGARGUESCONVINCINGLYTHATPUBLICHEALTHADVOCATESOUGHTTOTAKEAPAGEFROMADVERTISERS,SOSKILLEDATAPPLYINGPEERPRESSUREBUTONTHEGENERALEFFECTIVENESSOFTHESOCIALCURE,ROSENBERGISLESSPERSUASIVEJOINTHECLUBISFILLEDWITHTOOMUCHIRRELEVANTDETAILANDNOTENOUGHEXPLORATIONOFTHESOCIALANDBIOLOGICALFACTORSTHATMAKEPEERPRESSURESOPOWERFULTHEMOSTGLARINGFLAWOFTHESOCIALCUREASITSPRESENTEDHEREISTHATITDOESNTWORKVERYWELLFORVERYLONGRAGEAGAINSTTHEHAZEFAILEDONCESTATEFUNDINGWASCUTEVIDENCETHATTHELOVELIFEPROGRAMPRODUCESLASTINGCHANGESISLIMITEDANDMIXEDTHERESNODOUBTTHATOURPEERGROUPSEXERTENORMOUSINFLUENCEONOURBEHAVIORANEMERGINGBODYOFRESEARCHSHOWSTHATPOSITIVEHEALTHHABITSASWELLASNEGATIVEONESSPREADTHROUGHNETWORKSOFFRIENDSVIASOCIALCOMMUNICATIONTHISISASUBTLEFORMOFPEERPRESSUREWEUNCONSCIOUSLYIMITATETHEBEHAVIORWESEEEVERYDAYFARLESSCERTAIN,HOWEVER,ISHOWSUCCESSFULLYEXPERTSANDBUREAUCRATSCANSELECTOURPEERGROUPSANDSTEERTHEIRACTIVITIESINVIRTUOUSDIRECTIONSITSLIKETHETEACHERWHOBREAKSUPTHETROUBLEMAKERSINTHEBACKROWBYPAIRINGTHEMWITHBETTERBEHAVEDCLASSMATESTHETACTICNEVERREALLYWORKSANDTHATSTHEPROBLEMWITHASOCIALCUREENGINEEREDFROMTHEOUTSIDEINTHEREALWORLD,ASINSCHOOL,WEINSISTONCHOOSINGOUROWNFRIENDS21ACCORDINGTOTHEFIRSTPARAGRAPH,PEERPRESSUREOFTENEMERGESAS_AASUPPLEMENTTOTHESOCIALCUREBASTIMULUSTOGROUPDYNAMICSCANOBSTACLETOSCHOOLPROGRESSDACAUSEOFUNDESIRABLEBEHAVIORS22ROSENBERGHOLDSTHATPUBLICADVOCATESSHOULD_ARECRUITPROFESSIONALADVERTISERSBLEARNFROMADVERTISERSEXPERIENCECSTAYAWAYFROMCOMMERCIALADVERTISERSDRECOGNIZETHELIMITATIONSOFADVERTISEMENTS23INTHEAUTHORSVIEW,ROSENBERGSBOOKFAILSTO_AADEQUATELYPROBESOCIALANDBIOLOGICALFACTORSBEFFECTIVELYEVADETHEFLAWSO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