2014年电大《变化中的英语》期末复习资料小抄

电大变化中的英语期末复习资料小抄MULTIPLECHOICE1WHENWESPEAKOFLANGUAGESASLIVINGORDEADWEMEANTHELANGUAGE_B_AARENOTUSEDNOWBHAVELIVINGSPEAKERSORNOTCDONOTWORKNOWDAREACTUALLYLIVINGORDEAD2STANDARDENGLISHREFERSTOTHEENGLISH_A_AOFWRITINGBEWITCHBRITISHPEOPLEUSECWHICHAMERICANPEOPLEUSEDWHICHBRITISHANDAMERICANPEOPLEUSE3RPREFERSTO_D_ANETWORKENGLISHBGENERALAMERICANCBBCENGLISHANDGENERALAMERICANDEDUCATEDSOUTHERNBRITISHENGLISH4WHENWESAYRP,WEMEANITISAN_A_AVARIETYOFSPOKENENGLISHBVARIETYOFWRITTENENGLISHCREGIONALDIALECTDACCENT5ABOUTSOMESPECIALTERMS,THESTATEMENTTHAT_C_ISNOTTRUEAALANGUAGEISTHEMAJORMEANSOFHUMANCOMMUNICATIONBADIALECTISAVARIETYOFALANGUAGECAVARIETYISALANGUAGEDISTINCTFROMOTHERSDTHETERMACCENTHASTODOONLYWITHTHESOUNDOFTHELANGUAGE6INACTIVITY5,YOUWEREASKEDTOLISTENTOSOMEREGIONALVARIETIESOFENGLISH,BUT_D_ISNOTINCLUDEDACORNWALLBLONDONCOCKNEYCNORTHUMBERLANDDMIDLAND7ABOUTLANGUAGECHANGE,THESTATEMENTTHAT_B_ISNOTTRUEACHANGEINLANGUAGEMATCHESCHANGEINPEOPLESLIVESBLANGUAGECHANGEISUSUALLYEVENANDSTEADYCLANGUAGESCHANGEOVERTIMEDNEWWORDSENTERTHELANGUAGETOMATCHNEWSORTSOFEXPERIENCE8WHENYOUMEETSOMEOLD,NATIVESPEAKERSOFENGLISHWHOAREHARDTOUNDERSTAND,YOUKNOW,ITISPROBABLYBECAUSE_B_AYOURENGLISHISTOOPOORBTHEYARESPEAKINGAVARIETYOFENGLISHCTHEYSPEAKPOORENGLISHDYOUDONOTLISTENCAREFULLYENOUGH9DIALECTSREFERTO_A_ADIFFERENTWAYSOFSPEAKINGBDIFFERENTWRITTENSYSTEMSORDIFFERENTGRAMMATICALSTRUCTURESCBOTHAANDBDAFORMTHATISQUITEDIFFERENTFROMALANGUAGE10NEWWORDSAREFROM_D_AOLDWORDSUSEDWITHNEWMEANINGBWORDSMADEUPBYPRONOUNCINGTHEINITIALLETTERSOFSEVERALWORDSCWORDSBORROWEDFROMOTHERLANGUAGESDALLOFTHEABOVE11RASSELASWASWRITTENIN18THCENTURYBY_B_AMARKTWAINBSAMUELJOHNSONCWORDSWORTHDDSHAKESPEARE12THETEMPESTWASFIRSTPRINTEDIN1623,WRITTENBY_C_AMARKTWAINBSAMUELJOHNSONCSHAKESPEAREDGEOFFREYCHAUCER13THECANTERBURYTALESWASAFAMOUSCOLLECTIONOFSTORIESINVERSE,WRITTENBY_A_AGEOFFREYCHAUCERBSHAKESPEARECBERNARDSHAWDSAMUELJOHNSON14ANGLESANDSAXONSWERE_C_ALATINSPEAKINGROMANSBFRENCHSPEAKINGNORMANSCSCANDINAVIANPEOPLEDNATIVEBRITISHPEOPLE15THEFINALCONQUEROFTHEBRITISHISLESWASIN_C_A1STCENTURYBCBYTHESCANDINAVIANPEOPLEB5THCENTURYADBYTHENORMANSC11THCENTURYADBYTHENORMANSDWORLDWARIIBYGERMANS16STANDARDENGLISHCANBEPRONOUNCED_D_AONLYUSINGARECEIVEDPRONUNCIATIONBONLYINTHEACCENTOFEDUCATEDNORTHAMERICANSPEAKERSCEITHERINEDUCATEDSOUTHERNBRITISHACCENTOREDUCATEDNORTHAMERICANACCENTDWITHAVARIETYOFACCENTS17STANDARDENGLISHSTARTEDIN_A_ATHESOUTHEASTOFENGLANDBTHEEASTOFENGLANDCTHESOUTHOFENGLANDDLONDON,OXFORDANDCAMBRIDGE18STANDARDENGLISHSTARTEDIN_C_CENTURYA5THB11THC14THD15TH19STANDARDENGLISHSTARTEDSPREADALLOVERTHECOUNTRYBECAUSE_D_AENGLISHWASALLOWEDTOBETAUGHTINSCHOOLSBGEOFFREYCHAUCERWROTEINENGLISHCWILLIAMCAXTONSETUPAPRINTINGPRESSIN1475,ANDPRINTEDBOOKSDALLOFTHEABOVE20THECOREOFENGLISHLEXICONIS_D_AFRENCHWORDSBLATINANDGREEKWORDSCTHEWORDSBROUGHTBACKBYTHEOVERSEASDOFGERMANICORIGIN21WHENYOURECOGNIZEAWORDANDKNOWWHATITMEANS,YOUHAVEA_A_KNOWLEDGEOFITARECEPTIVEBPRODUCTIVECDESCRIPTIVEDPRESCRIPTIVE22TALKINGTOPEOPLENEEDS_B_KNOWLEDGEANDPRACTICEARECEPTIVEBPRODUCTIVECDESCRIPTIVEDPRESCRIPTIVE23RECEIVEDPRONUNCIATION_C_AISAREGIONALACCENTBBELONGSTOSOUTHEASTOFENGLANDCISACCEPTEDANDUNDERSTOODWORLDWIDEDISTHESAMETHINGASSTANDARDENGLISH24WHENATEACHERCORRECTSASTUDENTSMISTAKES,HEISDOING_D_TEACHINGARECEPTIVEBPRODUCTIVECDESCRIPTIVEDPRESCRIPTIVE25ENGLISHISNOTALONE,NOTUNIQUEINBEINGANINTERNATIONALLANGUAGETHEREAREOTHERINTERNATIONALLANGUAGES,SUCHAS_A_ASPANISHBSWEDISHCJAPANESEDDANISH26ANAMERICANTEACHER,WHOMADEANESPECIALLYIMPORTANTCONTRIBUTIONTOTHEAMERICANWAYOFSPELLINGSOMEENGLISHWORDS,HEIS_A_ANOAHWEBSTERBMARKTWINCWEBSTERMERRIAMDTHOMASMCCAULEY27WHENINDIAWASINDEPENDENT,THENEWCONSTITUTIONRECOGNIZEDASOFFICIALLANGUAGES_D_LANGUAGESOUTOFABOUT200INUSEA2B3C5D1428MOSTEDUCATEDINDIANSSPEAK_C_LANGUAGESA1B2C3D429BRITAINWASANIMPERIALPOWERFORABOUT_D_A80YEARSB100YEARSC2CENTURIESD3CENTURIES30BYTHEDISCOVERYOFTHENEWWORLD,ITISMEANTTHEDISCOVERYANDSETTLEMENTINB_AAUSTRALIABNORTHAMERICACINDIADSOUTHEASTASIA31INTHETHREECIRCLESOFENGLISHLANGUAGEUSERS,_B_BELONGTOTHEOUTERCIRCLEANATIVEENGLISHSPEAKINGCOUNTRIESBCOLONIALCOUNTRIESOFBRITAINANDUSACCOUNTRIESUSINGENGLISHASAFOREIGNLANGUAGEDCOUNTRIESUSINGENGLISHASANINTERNATIONALLANGUAGE32ABOUTTHEUSEOFENGLISHWORLDWIDEININFORMATIONAGE,THESTATEMENTTHAT_C_ISNOTTRUEATHENUMBEROFUSERSOFENGLISHISIMPORTANTBWHOTHEUSERSOFENGLISHAREANDWHATTHEYDOWITHITAREIMPORTANTCTHELABEL“INFORMATIONAGE”ISOFTENGIVENTOTHEENDOFTHISCENTURYDTHEMOSTIMPORTANTLANGUAGEFORCOMMUNICATIVEUSEATTHESCIENTIFICANDTECHNOLOGICALDEVELOPMENTSINENGLISH33AMONGTHEMAININTERNATIONALLANGUAGESINVENTEDORSIMPLIFIED,_A_ISTHEMOSTFAMOUSANDSUCCESSFULAESPERANTBINTERLINGUACIDODBASICENGLISHNUCLEARENGLISH34ABOUTTHEDISADVANTAGESOFENGLISHASAGLOBALLANGUAGE,THESTATEMENTTHAT_D_ISNOTTRUEATHEENGLISHGRAMMARANDSOUNDSAREDIFFICULT,ANDVOCABULARYISTOOLARGEBTHEENGLISHHASINCONSISTENCIESCENGLISHBELONGSTOADIFFERENTLANGUAGEFAMILYDENGLISHISDEEPLYROOTEDINTHECULTURE,CUSTOMS,LITERATUREOFUKANDUSA35LANGUAGESARELIKETOOLS,_D_AASTHEYDEVELOPANDBECOMECOMPLEX,SOTHEYBECOMEPOWERFULANDEFFECTIVEBTHEYALLEVOLVEFROMSIMPLETOCOMPLEXFORMCTHEYAREALLLIKELIVINGORGANISMDBUTTOOLSMAYEVOLVE,LANGUAG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PEOPLEAREACTUALLYNOTEQUAL,BUTALLLANGUAGESAREEQUALDPEOPLEAREACTUALLYNOTEQUAL,NORAREALLLANGUAGES62MRFLETCHERTHELANGUAGETEACHERSAID,GERMANISDISAGREEABLE,FRENCHISELEGANT,ANDITALIANISMUSICALITIS_B_ATRUEBECAUSEACTUALLYTHEYAREBHISPREFERENCEANDPREJUDICECWHERELANGUAGESAREUNEQUALACTUALLYDALLOFTHEABOVE63WHENPEOPLESAYTHATONEVARIETYOFALANGUAGEHASMOREPRESTIGETHANANOTHER,THEYMEANTHATTHEVARIETY_C_ABELONGSTOTHETIMEWHENTHESPEAKERSLIVEDBBELONGSTOAPLACEWHERETHESPEAKERSLIVECISCONNECTEDWITHSPEAKERSWHOHAVEWEALTH,EDUCATION,ANDPOWERDISCONNECTEDWITHSPEAKERSWHOAREBORNINTOASOCIALCLASS64“MYFAIRLADY“WASANEXCELLENTFILMMADEFROMAPLAYCALLED“PYGMALION”,WHICHWASWRITTENBYTHEFAMOUSIRISHPLAYWRIGHT,_A_AGEORGEBERNARDSHAWBGEOFFREYCHAUCERCSHAKESPEAREDOSCARWILDE65THETERM“FALSEBEGINNERS”AREUSEDFORSTUDENTSWHO_C_ASAYTHEYAREBEGINNERS,BUTACTUALLYARENOTBARETHOUGHT,PERHAPSWRONGLY,TOBEBEGINNERSCHAVEFORGOTTENTHEEARLYSTAGESFLERNINGALANGUAGEDARENOTSERIOUSINTHEIRWISHTOLEARN66THEREARE_A_STAGESINTHESTUDYOFALANGUAGEATWOBTHREECFOURDFIVE67THEREARETHREEDIFFERENTWAYSINWHICHENGLISHDIFFERSWITHUSETHEYARE_A_AVOCABULARY,GRAMMAR,ANDFORMALITYBREGIONAL,HISTORICALANDSOCIALVARIETYCWRITTEN,SPOKENANDSCIENTIFICENGLISHDFORMAL,INFORMAL,ANDCASUALWAYSOFEXPRESSION68ENGLISHVARIESWITHTHETOPICORSUBJECTTHATISSPOKENORWRITTENABOUT,WHICHISAMATTEROF_B_ATHESPECIALVOCABULARYBTHESPECIALVOCABULARYANDSTYLECSPOKENENGLISHANDWRITTENENGLISHDACADEMICPURPOSES69OFASHRINKINGWORLD,ITISFIGHTTOSAY_C_ATHEWORLDSSHRINKAGEISALMOSTEVENBFORMOSTPEOPLETHEWORLDDONOTSHRINKATALLCTHEWORLDONLYSHRINKSFORTHERICH,THEPOWERFUL,ANDTHEPRIVILEGEDDBANDC70JULESVERNEWASFRENCHWRITER,WHOWROTE_A_AAROUNDTHEWORLDINEIGHTYDAYSBPERSUASIONCGONEWITHTHEWINDDWIMBLEDON71ENGLISHISATPRESENTTHESINGLEMOSTIMPORTANTLANGUAGEININTERNATIONALUSEBECAUSE_D_AENGLISHISWELLSUITEDTOINTERNATIONALUSEBENGLISHISMUSICAL,PRECISEANDBEAUTIFULANDEASYTOLEARNCAANDBANDENGLISHALLOWSYOUACCESSTOAFINECULTUREDNONEOFTHEABOVE72OFANINTERNATIONALLANGUAGE,ITISRIGHTTOSAYTHAT_D_AITISUSEFULONLYIFITISLEARNTWELLBYVERYLARGENUMBEROFPEOPLEBLONELYAMUSICAL,EXACT,INTERESTINGLANGUAGEISLIKELYCBEAUTYANDEXACTNESSINALANGUAGEISNOTJUSTAMATTEROFINDIVIDUALJUDGMENTDNONEOFTHEABOVE73BYCULTURALIMPERIALISMISMEANT_A_ATHESPREADTOOTHERPLACESOFPRODUCTSANDCULTURALIDEASTHATAREASSOCIATEDWITHENGLISHBSOMECOUNTRIESTRYTOCONQUEROTHERCOUNTRIESBYWAYOFCULTURECSOMECOUNTRIESUSEMILITARYFORCESASWELLASCULTURETOCONQUEROTHERCOUNTRIESDTOTHREATENOTHERCOUNTRIESBYWAYOFTHEIRCULTURESTHROUGHENGLISH74ATTHEBEGINNINGANDINTERMEDIATESTAGESOFLEARNING,PEOPLEARECONCERNEDALMOSTENTIRELYWITH_B_AINFORMATIONABOUTENGLISHBPROFICIENCYINENGLISHCGRAMMARANDVOCABULARYOFENGLISHDSPEAKINGANDREADINGOFENGLISH75AFTERSTUDYINGTHECOURSE,YOUHAVEACLEARERIDEATHANBEFOREOFWHEREYOUSTANDINTHEWORLDWIDECOMMUNITYOFUSERSOFENGLISHYOUAREINTHE_C_OFUSERSAINNERCIRCLEBOUTERCIRCLECXPANDINGCIRCLEDNONEOFTHEABOVE76INFORMATIONABOUTENGLISHENABLESONETODOTHETHINGSEXCEPT_D_ATOASSESSACCURATELYSITUATIONINWHICHCOMMUNICATIONISDIFFICULTBTOSETREALISTICTARGETSTHATCANACTUALLYBEATTAINEDWITHINTHELIMITSOFTIMEAVAILABLECTOFRAMESPECIFICGOALSTHATENABLEONETOMAKEGOODUSEOFOPPORTUNITIESDTODEFENDONESELFFROMBEINGINFLUENCEDBYTHECULTURALIMPERIALISM77WHENSSHOPPUTSABIGNOTICESAYING“SALE”OR“OFFERWILLNEVERBEREPEATED”OR“DONTMISSOURSPECIALOFFER”BY“SALE”ITMEANSTHAT_D_ASOMENEWGOODSAREJUSTOUTBTHESHOPOWNERWANTSTOSELLTHESHOPCTHESHOPWANTSTOHAVEASALESMANORASALESWOMANDTHESHOPOFFERSABETTERPRICE78THEMOSTCOMMONLYUSEDLANGUAGEOFINTERNATIONALTRADEISENGLISH,WHILEOTHERLANGUAGESAREALSOINUSE,SUCHASFRENCH,GERMAN,_A_APORTUGUESE,SPANISHBSPANISH,ENGLISHCLATIN,GREEKDITALIAN,ESPERANTO79ASHAREDLANGUAGE,ACOMMONLANGUAGE,ISTECHNICALLYCALLEDA_A_ALINGUAFRANCABMAKESHIFTLANGUAGECPIDGINDCREOLE80PIDGINMEANSAALANGUAGE,USEDONLYFORPURPOSESOFTRADEITISSAIDTOCOMEFROMA_D_PRONUNCIATIONOFTHEENGLISHWORD“BUSINESS”ALATINBGREEKCAMERICANDCHINESE81PIDGINMEANSAALANGUAGE,USEDONLYFORPURPOSESOFTRADEITISSAIDTOCOMEFROMA_D_PRONUNCIATIONOFTHEENGLISHWORD“BUSINESS”ALATINBGREEKCAMERICANDCHINESE82PIDGINMEANSAALANGUAGE,USEDONLYFORPURPOSESOFTRADEITISSAIDTOCOMEFROMA_B_PRONUNCIATIONOFTHEENGLISHWORD“BUSINESS”ALATINBGREEKCAMERICANDCHINESE83MACAO,THECOLONYOFPORTUGALINTHEPAST,ONCEUSEDALANGUAGECALLEDMACANESE,WHICHISA_B_APIDGINBCREOLECLINGUAFRANCADDIALECT84_B_ISAMAKESHIFTLANGUAGE,ANDEVIDENCEOFHUMANINVENTIVENESSALINGUAFRANCABPIDGINCCREOLEDVARIETY85BLACKENGLISHISNOWA_D_APIDGINBCREOLECLINGUAFRANCDVARIETYOFENGLISH86“HELAZY,ASWHYHENOLIKEPLAY”ITISANEXAMPLEOF_C_APIDGINBCREOLECBLACKENGLISHDFAXEDENGLISH87PEOPLESAYBUSINESSISACREATIVEACTIVITY,BUT_C_SAID“GETTINGANDSPENDINGWELAYWASTEOURPOWERS”ABERNARDSHAWBMARKTWAINCWORDSWORTHDPROFESSORGUIDE88ABOUTTHEAFRICANSLAVESINNORTHAMERICAANDTHECARIBBEANISLANDS,THESTATEMENTTHAT_D_ISNOTCORRECTTHEYCAMEFROMTHECOASTOFAFRICABTHEYWORKEDONPLANTAINSCTHEYPRODUCEDSUGARANDCOTTONDTHETRADEINAFRICANSLAVESSTARTFROM18THCENTURYSECTIONTWOTRUEORFALSE1RPISTHESHORTFORMOFRECEIVEDPRONUNCIATIONT2LISADOLITTLEISAGIRLINTHESTORY“PYGMALION”,WRITTENBYTHEFAMOUSWRITTENMARKTWAINF3THEREARE,ATPRESENT,ABOUT5000LANGUAGESINUSEINTHEWORLDT4ASTIMEGOESBY,INDIVIDUALLANGUAGE,THATIS,IDIOLECT,CHANGESTOOT5LATIN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