本科毕业论文-某公路桥梁桥双柱式墩基础设计

基础工程课程设计题目名称某公路桥梁桥双柱式墩基础设计学院专业年级09土木2班学生姓名学号指导教师课程设计第一部分11设计任务本设计对象为某公路桥梁，该桥梁的上部结构设计已经完成，本课程设计的任务是完成桥墩基础与地基的设计与检算。要求同学按给定的条件完成相关的设计和计算工作，具体要求如下1综合分析设计资料，对三种常用的桥梁基础类型（刚性扩大基础、桩基础和沉井基础）的技术合理性进行比较（限于课时，本次课程设计不考虑造价因素），选择较为合理的基础方案。2对选定的基础方案进行详细设计。3初步决定修筑基础的施工方案。4将以上全部成果整理成设计计算说明书和设计施工图。12设计资料121工程概况该桥梁系某I级公路干线上的中桥（单线），线路位于直线平坡地段。该地区地震烈度较低，不考虑地震设防问题。桥梁及桥墩部分的设计已经完成，桥跨由4孔30M预应力钢筋混凝土梁组成。122工程地质和水文地质地面标高3408M，最大冲刷线标高3356M。地基土为中砂，,内摩擦角38O，地基土比例系数M15000KN/M4；地基土极限摩阻力KPA；地基容许承载力370KPA，土的饱和容重19IK50QA0F50KN/M3；土的浮容重108KN/M3。123墩柱及桩的尺寸采用双柱式墩（图1。墩帽盖梁标高3514M，墩柱顶标高为3502M，桩顶（常水位）标高为3452M，。墩柱直径150M；桩的直径160M。桩身用C25混凝土；其受压弹性模量MPA；4C2810E桩的容重25KN/M3124荷载情况桥墩为单排双柱式，上部结构为30M预应力钢筋混凝土T梁，桥面宽度7M215M,设计汽车荷载为公路II级，人群荷载标准值为30KN/M2。桥梁处于I类环境，下部结构安全等级为二级，以顺桥向计算。图1双柱式桥墩计算图（标高单位为M，尺寸单位为CM）每一根桩承受荷载为两跨恒载反力N1145178KN盖梁自重反力N24015KN系梁自重反力N314178KN一根墩柱（直径15M）自重N422028KN桩每延米自重21653016K4Q已扣除浮力两跨活载反力N556910KN单跨活载反力N641518KN车辆荷载反力已按偏心受压原理考虑横向分布的分配影响。在顺桥向引起的弯矩M12915KNM制动力T8950KN，作用点在支座中心，距桩顶距离为5867M。纵向风力盖梁部分W1295KN，对桩顶力臂51M；墩身部分W2225KN，对桩顶力臂245M；桩基础采用旋转钻孔灌注桩基础，为摩擦桩。桥墩为单排双柱式，上部结构为30M预应力钢筋混凝土T梁，桥面净宽7M215M,设计汽车荷载为公路2级，人群荷载标准值为30KN/M2。以顺桥向计算，计得至盖梁顶的各作用值见表1。13设计依据1中华人民共和国交通部部标准公路桥涵地基与基础设计规范（JTGD632007）人民交通出版社，20072中华人民共和国铁道部标准铁路桥涵地基基础设计规范，TBJ2993赵明华主编，徐学燕副主编基础工程高等教育出版社，20034李克钏主编，罗书学副主编基础工程中国铁道出版社，20005王晓谋主编，基础工程人民交通出版社，2005第二部分方案设计21方案比选1对刚性扩大基础基础在外力（包括基础自重）作用下，基底的地基反力为，此时基础的悬出部分AA断面左端，相当于承受着强度为的均布荷载的悬臂梁，在荷载作用下，AA断面将产生弯曲拉应力和剪应力。当基础圬工具有足够的截面使材料的容许应力大于由地基反力产生的弯曲拉应力和剪应力时，AA断面不会出现裂缝，这时，基础内不需配置受力钢筋，这种基础称为刚性基础。刚性扩大基础属于浅基础，其埋置深度一般小于5米，对于本工程若采用刚性扩大基础，其须埋于最大冲刷线下不小于1米，刚最小的进置深度为57M因此，尽管持力层土层地质良好，考虑浅基础特点故不适合。2沉井基础沉井基础适用以下情况A上部荷载较大，而表层地基土的容许承载力不足，扩大基础开挖工作量大，以及支撑困难,但在一定深度下有好的持力层，采用沉井基础与其它深基础相比较，经济上较为合理时；B在山区河流中，虽然土质较好，但冲刷大或河中有较大卵石不便桩基础施工时；C岩层表面较平坦且覆盖层薄，但河水较深；采用扩大基础施工围堰有困难时。综上所述，本工程不须采用沉井基础。3桩基础A当建筑物荷载较大，地基上部土层软弱或适宜的地基持力层位置较深，地下水位较高，采用浅基础或人工地基在技术上、经济上不合理；B河床冲刷较大，河道不稳定或冲刷深度不易计算正确，位于基础或结构物下面的土层有可能被侵蚀、冲刷，如果采用浅基础不能保证基础安全时；C当地基计算沉降过大或结构物对基础沉降变形与水平侧向位移较敏感，采用桩基础穿过松软（高压缩）土层，将荷载传到较坚实（低压缩性）土层，以减少建筑物沉降并使沉降较均匀；D承受较大的水平力，需要减少建筑物的水平位移和倾斜时，对稳定性要求较高；E在地震区，可液化地基中，采用桩基础可增加建筑物抗震能力，桩基础穿越可液化土层并伸入下部密实稳定土层，可消除或减轻地震对建筑物的危害。本工程对水平位移要求严格，本工程中局部冲刷线集位置较深，采用桩基础具有造价低，强度高，沉降量小而均匀，施工较两者简易，综上所述，本工程采用桩基础比较合理。31桩长计算由于地基土土层单一，为中密砂砾土，根据地质情况桩长不可确定，应按单桩轴向容许承载力公式反算桩长。采用短期效应组合，除了考虑永久作用外，还需考虑汽车效应和人群效应。按两跨布载考虑NH10N1N2N3N4LQHQ10N510N71014517840151417822028345233563016H8441056910307398844H设桩埋入局部冲刷线下深度为H,埋入一般冲刷线下，则3H00212AIPAKRULQMAFKR计算时取以下数据桩的设计桩径160M,桩周长503M，61U201,07,08,40,370,1080已2154PA2020AFAKP23/KNM考虑浮力，50AKP，所以IQ得02132NAIKPARUQLMAFKH50350H20108073704108H523NH307398844H解得H1540M取H160M桩底标高为31960取H160M桩的轴向承载力满足要求。32单桩所受外荷载的分配计算墩柱顶外荷载、（按单跨计算）IPIIHM、2805194140157812KNPI（）（63452056317031399MKNMI33换算到局部冲刷线处计算00PHM、汽车按一跨布载考虑，按承载能力极限状态下作用基本组合的效应组合计算，除汽车荷载效应外还需考虑人群荷载、汽车制动力、风荷载的可变效应。37916132871429805KNP（】957H75148724546410MKNM34桩的各参数确定地基土比例系数150M计算宽度MDKBF3421691桩的变形参数所以按弹性桩计算桩的换算深度其中,52162830H4M04978051751IE35局部冲刷线以下深度Z处桩身各截面内力计算20H计算局部冲刷线以下深度Z处的桩身截面弯矩,计算公式MZMMMZBABABAQ461073826414073502970无量纲系数有附表3、附表7分别查得Z,计算如下表MZZZMAMBMKNZ000000000010000066186020610196960998067157004122037739098617758320618605293809586178261082440645610938177866910305072305091324785111236607618308508976552144220764980686946687418549068488049889521862267005316003202536073267930352580175462148030915019305007595104293510670050810013542318局部冲刷线以下深度Z处横向土抗力计算ZXPXXXXXZXBZABZBMHP59174813342607201021无量纲系数由附表1，附表5查得，的计算列表见下表,ZXPZZZMAMBKPAPZX000024406616210000002061211779129088133104122180273100064316606186150268074981252808244122370537272566103050970410361192347123660745880219081951144220551750107931453185490253860035723922267000646100994483267930039860111361014309150087410094711202351067Z0104950056981079桩身最大弯矩及最大弯矩位置计算MMAX由得，0HZ2371968230CH由得查附表及25H37，故80MAXM238M07MAX,故1KM79423K610NKM局部冲刷线MKNMPKPA36桩底最大压应力验算桩端最大和最小压应力应满足下式要求MAXIN0HKRRKNMPQQAW钻孔桩）或沉入桩）GKKN842081630619234556991P254875KNTK02则KNTNKH1946078因,故4HKPADAPHKNAX574/1920MIN则320RFQR3625815785KPA9473显然，满足要求KPAQP49MAX37桩柱水平位移验算按承载能力极限状态作用效应基本组合进行验算，根据以上的计算可知桩的局部冲刷线处受力为；墩柱顶上受力为M618KN,K17900MQ。6432,98KNKII墩柱顶纵向水平位移，其中桩在局部冲刷线处006352X的水平位移和转角为水平位移0032XXXEIIHAB转角0002II根据分析，摩擦桩且25或支承桩且35时，几乎为零，可以认为。HHHM0HK因为5524所以按4查公路桥涵地基与基础设计规范（JTGD632007）得下HH表53162A15802B608412C76432D483736397305194454440273061246893576185027243423BAKBADHX75173061246893570642896162173061246893570485162173061246893570489850617243234234234234234BAKBACCDAADCCHHHX符合相关规范要求。,61037456210982306149820362030MEIIXBMAQXXRADEIIBA366202001745751098231198704EINMH6932510423015635278817061XNEI，满足要求。M97538桩身强度验算与配筋设计按最大弯矩所在截面的内力进行配筋和强度验算KNNJ3501481529416502194863541630827最大弯矩发生在地面以下Z194M处，该处，桩内竖向钢筋按含MKNM792MAX筋率09配置钢筋面积22681091604AS现选用30根MPAFMAHRBSDS280,1847535282级钢筋，的则实际配筋率满足要求。,906184722DAS的影响。应考虑纵向弯曲对偏心故长细比,417,98305697DLLPP，MNMEJ237146MAX0纵向钢筋所在圆周半径。MRS720890截面有效高度RHS157280MEDLHEP508392713610912/74/140,6975620,6032202101则截面实际偏心距则取取1在垂直于弯矩作用平面内，长细比,/故稳定系数DLP则222218475,096416MAACC实际纵向钢筋面积混凝土截面积为在垂直于弯矩作用平面的承载力为KNFFNSDCDU35012509184750592在弯矩作用平面内CADBCADBRFCAFGDBESDCD7425190820145190以下采用试算法列表。ABCD（）0E0E00711842064831187514045322320101由上表可见，当时，（）322MM与设计的323MM很接近,故取7100E0为计算值。7103在弯矩作用平面内的承载力为JSDCDJSDCDUMMKNGDBKCAFRFFRF593028090840518461564273280091876580333U22截面弯矩计算结果表明截面符合承载力要求。4配置箍筋461755812195218475204670/25990/8,71946/1402/22MKFAFNAFKMAMDALSDSDCORUSOSDODSCRCORSP得由于纵向钢筋面积核心面积核心面积直径故按螺旋箍筋柱设计由于长细比现取10R235级钢筋满足规范要求。单肢10箍筋的面积，278MSOL箍筋MSOL635812740SCR间距根据构造要求取箍筋间距为S200MM截面复核2003184205714MSADSOLCRSKNKAFFNSDSODCORU156427328718475203184990D检查混凝土保护层是否会剥落27816780635124509519KNKNAFNUUSSDCU满足要求，故混凝土保护层不会脱落。39裂缝宽度验算根据公路钢筋混凝土及预应力混凝土桥涵设计规范（JTGD622004）截面相对界限受压区高度，则构件为小偏心受压，无需验算裂缝宽度。71056B第四部分施工方案根据工程地质水文地质资料情况该桩基础采用旋挖钻机成孔的方法，钻孔灌注桩是一种质量要求高，施工工序多，须在短时间内连续完成的一种地下隐蔽工程，所以严格控制工序施工质量，保证桩质量。施工工序（一）准备工作1、准备场地，施工前应将场地平整好，以便安装钻架进行钻孔。场地位于浅水时，宜采用筑岛法。2、埋置护筒，水中筑岛，护筒宜埋入河床面以下1M。在水中平台上设置护筒，课根据施工最高水位，流速，冲刷及地质条件等因素确定。必要时打入不透水层。3、安装钻机，安装时，底架应垫平，保持稳定，不得产生位移沉陷。钻头好钻杆中心与护筒顶面中心的偏差不得大于5CM。4、制备泥浆（二）钻孔采用正循环进行旋转钻进成孔。在钻孔过程中，始终保持钻孔水位要高出筒外115M的水位差和护壁泥浆的要求，钻孔要一气呵成。钻孔过程中加强对桩位、成孔情况的检察工作。（三）清孔及装吊钢筋骨架（四）灌注水下混凝土混凝土应拌合均匀，灌注时连续作业，随时测量和记录孔内混凝土灌注标高和导管入孔长度。（五）成桩后拔出护筒（六）回填空孔请您删除一下内容，O_O谢谢MANYPEOPLEHAVETHESAMEMIXEDFEELINGSWHENPLANNINGATRIPDURINGGOLDENWEEKWITHHEAPSOFTIME,THESEVENDAYCHINESE请您删除一下内容，O_O谢谢NATIONALDAYHOLIDAYCOULDBETHEBESTOCCASIONTOENJOYADESTINATIONHOWEVER,ITCANALSOBETHEEASIESTWAYTORUINHOWYOUFEELABOUTAPLACEANDYOUMAYBECOMEMOREFATIGUEDAFTERTHEHOLIDAY,DUETOBATTLINGTHELARGECROWDSDURINGPEAKSEASON,ADREAMABOUTAPLACECANTURNTONIGHTMAREWITHOUTCAREFULPLANNING,ESPECIALLYIFYOUTRAVELWITHCHILDRENANDOLDERPEOPLEASMOSTCHINESEPEOPLEWILLTAKETHEHOLIDAYTOVISITDOMESTICTOURISTDESTINATIONS,CROWDSANDBUSYTRAFFICAREINEVITABLEATMOSTPLACESALSOTOBEEXPECTEDAREINCREASINGTRANSPORTANDACCOMMODATIONPRICES,WITHTHEPOSSIBILITYTHATTHEREWILLBENOROOMSAVAILABLEITISALSOCOMMONTHATYOULLWAITINTHELINEFORONEHOURTOGETATICKET,ANDANOTHERTWOHOURSATTHESITE,TOONLYSEEATINYBITOFTHEPLACEDUETOTHECROWDSLASTYEAR,428MILLIONTOURISTSTRAVELEDINCHINAOVERTHEWEEKLONGHOLIDAYINOCTOBERTRAVELINGDURINGTHISPERIODISAMATTERTHATNEEDSTHOROUGHPREPARATIONIFYOUARESHORTONTIMETOPLANTHEUPCOMING“GOLDENWEEK“ITMAYNOTBEABADIDEATOAVOIDSOMEOFTHEMOSTCROWDEDPLACESFORNOWTHEREISALWAYSAPLACESOFASCINATINGTHATEVERYONEYEARNSFORARXANISAPLACELIKETHISTHEBEAUTYOFARXANISEVERLASTINGREGARDLESSOFTHECHANGINGOFFOURSEASONSBESTOWEDBYNATURE,ITSSPECTACULARSEASONALLANDSCAPEANDMOUNTAINSAREJUSTBEYONDWORDARXANISACRUCIALDESTINATIONFORTHERECOMMENDEDTRAVELLINGROUTE,“CHINAINNERMONGOLIAARXANHAILARMANZHOULI“ITISALSOTHEJOINTOFTHEFOURPRAIRIESACROSSTHESINOMONGOLIANBORDER,WHEREPEOPLEGRAVITATETOWARDSTHEEXOTICATMOSPHEREMIXEDWITHCHINESE,RUSSIAN,ANDMONGOLIAELEMENTSASAHISTORICSITEFORTHEYITIANBATTLE,ARXANSTILLEMBODIESTHESPIRITOFGENGHISKHANWALKINGINTOARXAN,YOUWILLBEAMAZEDBYAKALEIDOSCOPEOFGORGEOUSCOLORSALLTHEYEARROUNDTHESPRINGAZALEASBLOOMINGREDINTHESNOW,THESUMMERSEAWAVERINGBLUEINTHEBREEZE,THEAUTUMNLEAVESPAINTEDINYELLOWCOVERINGVOLCANICTRACES,ANDTHEWINTERWOODSSHININGWHITEONTHEVASTALPINESNOWSCAPEHINGGANLEAGUEARXANCITYISSITUATEDINTHEFAREASTERNAREAOFINNERMONGOLIAAUTONOMOUSREGIONITSFULLNAME“HARENARXAN“MEANS“HOTHOLYWATER“INTHEMONGOLIANLANGUAGEARXANISATOURISMCITYINTHENORTHERNFRONTIERWITHABLENDOFLARGEFOREST,GRANDPRAIRIES,VASTSNOWFIELD,HEAVENLAKECLUSTER,THERMIUM,ASWELLASVOLCANICCLUSTERITISARAREANDUNIQUEECOTOURISMBASEFILLEDWITHHEALTHYSUNSHINE,CLEANAIRANDUNSPOILEDGREENNESTLEDCLOSETOTHECOUNTRYSLARGESTVIRGINFOREST,ANDKNOWNFORITSSPRINGANDECOLOGICALENVIRONMENT,ARXANISMARVELEDATBYMANYTOURISTSASTHEPURESTLANDONEARTHYOUCANNOTMISSOUTTHEAUTUMNOFARXANITISDEFINITELYTHEBESTWITHBRIGHTLYCOLOREDSCENERYFULLOFEMOTIONSAUTUMNINTHENORTHERNPARTOFTHECOUNTRYCOMESEARLIERTHANTHESOUTHASEPTEMBERRAINFOLLOWEDBYTHEFOOTPRINTSOFAUTUMNBRINGSMORECOLORSTOTHEONCEEMERALDGREENMOUNTAINANDBLOOMINGGRASSLANDSHUTTERBUGSFLOCKTOSEEFORTHEMSELVESTHEMARVELOFSPLENDIDCOLORSAROUNDTHEMOUNTAINSANDWATERS,MANYOFWHOMHAVETRAVELALONGDISTANCEANDEVENCAMPHEREONLYTOCAPTUREAMOMENTOFTHENATUREWONDERTHESILVERBIRCHTURNSGOLDEN,WHILETHELARCHISSTILLPROUDLYGREENYOUWILLFINDYOURSELFDROWNEDINTHEINTOXICATINGREDOFTHEWILDFRUITSASWELLASTHEGLAMOUROFFLOWERSINFULLBLOWNANDYOURHEARTWILLBELINGERINGONTHEWOODSASITSTIMEFORTHEWILDFRUITSTORIPETHEPICTURESQUEARXANINAUTUMNISINDEEDAFAIRYLANDONLYEXISTSINADREAMTHATSATISFIESALLYOURFANTASIESIFITRAINSHEAVILYONSATURDAYNIGHT,SOMEELDERLYCHINESEWILLSAYITISBECAUSEZHINU,ORTHEWEAVINGMAID,ISCRYINGONTHEDAYSHEMETHERHUSBANDNIULANG,ORTHECOWHERD,ONTHEMILKYWAYMOSTCHINESEREMEMBERBEINGTOLDTHISROMANTICTRAGEDYWHENTHEYWERECHILDRENONQIXI,ORTHESEVENTHNIGHTFESTIVAL,WHICHFALLSONTHESEVENTHDAYOFTHESEVENTHLUNARMONTH,WHICHISUSUALLYINEARLYAUGUSTTHISYEARITFALLSONSATURDAY,AUGUST2FOLKLORESTORYASTHESTORYGOES,ONCETHEREWASACOWHERD,NIULANG,WHOLIVEDWITHHISELDERBROTHERANDSISTERINLAWBUTSHEDISLIKEDANDABUSEDHIM,ANDTHEBOYWASFORCEDTOLEAVEHOMEWITHONLYANOLDCOWFORCOMPANYTHECOW,HOWEVER,WASAFORMERGODWHOHADVIOLATEDIMPERIALRULESANDWASSENTTOEARTHINBOVINEFORMONEDAYTHECOWLEDNIULANGTOALAKEWHEREFAIRIESTOOKABATHONEARTHAMONGTHEMWASZHINU,THEMOSTBEAUTIFULFAIRYANDASKILLEDSEAMSTRESSTHETWOFELLINLOVEATFIRSTSIGHTANDWERESOONMARRIEDTHEYHADASONANDDAUGHTERANDTHEIRHAPPYLIFEWASHELDUPASANEXAMPLEFORHUNDREDSOFYEARSINCHINAYETINTHEEYESOFTHEJADEEMPEROR,THESUPREMEDEITYINTAOISM,M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