中考英语 语法思维导图之十三 动词 人教新目标版

动词系动词情态动助动词实义动系动词表语情态动动词原形助动词动词原形独立充当谓语充当谓语系动词BE动词“保持”“变化”感官动词BEADVADJ“如何是”BECOME,SEEM,TURN,GROW,GET,KEEP,STAYLOOK,SOUND,TASTE,SMELL,FEEL常接形容词作表语主谓一致情态动词意思答语表示推测MAY答语肯定CERTAINLY/SURE/YES,YOUCAN否定SORRY,BUTYOUCANT/MUSTNT“一定”MUST“必须”MUSTIYES,YOUMUSTNO,YOUNEEDNT/DONTHAVETO“不得不”DOIHAVETOYES,YOUMUSTNO,YOUNEEDNT/DONTHAVETO“需要”实义动词NOTNEEDTODOSTH情态动词NEEDNTDOSTHWOULDYOULIKETODO答语“IDLIKETO”“IDLIKETO,BUT”HADBETTER“最好不做某事”YOUDBETTERDO/YOUDBETTERNOTDO“可能”MAY,MIGHT,COULD“不可能”CANT助动词狭义概念“赠送的”扩展概念“自带的”DO,DOES,DID凡谓语由两部分构成之前者句型操作及答语实义动词身份助动词身份/强调功能实义动词时态语态名称被动BEDONE及物动词必须跟宾语不及物动词不直跟宾语谓动一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时一般将来时过去将来时现在完成时过去完成时DO/DOESDIDBEDOINGWAS/WEREDOINGWILLDOWOULDDOHAVE/HASDONEHADDONE一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时含情态动词选项有无被动只需考虑时态该而不感官发生实现出版使役动词正常不带TO被动则带意思需要时间，标志意思平时经常做某次过去做现在正在做过去正在做现在将要做过去将要做到现在已做到过去已做动词词形变化三单现在分词过去式、过去分词SS,X,SH,CH,OES辅YIES不规则ING去EING双写INGIEYINGED辅YIED双写ED不规则辅元辅，且重读，不忘双写尾字母（除组合外）时态判断所用时态时间一般现在时ONSUNDAYS一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时一般将来时过去将来时现在完成时AGO,YESTERDAY,LASTWEEK,IN1989NOW,THESEDAYSATTHISTIMEYESTERDAY,ATTHATTIMETOMORROW,THISAFTERNOON,NEXTYEARTHENEXTDAYSOFAR,INTHEPASTYEARS,SINCE标志频率/真理/时间条件状从ATTHEAGEOF5,JUSTNOW,WHEN从LOOK,LISTEN与频度副词连用WHEN过IN时间段常用于宾从中ALREADY,YET,EVER,NEVER,BEFORE,FOR过去完成时BYYESTERDAY/THEN/THEENDOFWHEN过BEFORE过，BY过完成时句中,与FOR,SINCE,HOWLONG连用时,动词要用延续形式GOTO,COMETOBEIN/ATLEAVEBEAWAYFROMARRIVEBEIN/ATDIEBEKEADBEGIN/STARTBEONENDBEOVERBUYHAVEJOINBEAMEMBEROF/BEINBORROWKEEPGETMARRIEDBEMARRIEDMAKEFRIENDSWITHBEFRIENDSWITHHAVEGONETO“去了”人不在这里,HAVEBEENTO“去过”人在这里强调句型ITIS一段时间SINCE过去时“自以来，已经多长时间了”动词短语意思结构搭配动词介词DOING动词副词BEADJ介词宾语一律后置代宾中，名中后非谓语动词不定式TODO现在分词DOING过去分词DONE作主语作宾语作主语被视为单数作主语作表语作宾语作宾补作定语作状语宾从省略式常被形主IT代替BETODO“是做”被形宾IT代替省TO不省要后置，省介否表目的，原因疑问词TODO判定后有谓动BEDOING“正在做”HAVESTHDONE使被BEDONE“被做”不定式作主语常被形式主语IT代替，而把TODO置于句尾ITISADJ/NFORSB/OFSBTODOSTHITTAKESSBSTTODOSTH后接TODO的动词LIKE,ASK,WISH,HOPE,DARE,OFFER,DECIDE,HELP,LONG,LEARN,START,BEGIN,AGREE,REFUSE,WANT,EXPECT,PROMISE,PRETEND,PLAN,MANAGE,AFFORD,PREPARE被形宾代替THINK/FIND/MAKEITADJFORSB/OFSBTODOSTH后接SBTODO的动词FORCE,TEACH,GET,TELL,KNOW,HELP,ASK,INVITE,WISH,WANT,WARN,WAITFOR,ALLOW,REQUIRE,CAUSE,ADVISE,ORDER,ENCOURAGE,LIKE常用省略TO的不定式作宾补的动词有HAVE,MAKE,LET,FEEL,SEE,OBSERVE,LOOKAT,LISTENTO,NOTICE,WATCH,HEAR,DISCOVER被动语态要还原TO结构有HADBETTERDO,WOULDRATHERDOTHANDO,CANTBUTDO,DONOTHINGBUTDO,HAVENOTHINGTODOBUTDO,WHYDO,WHYNOTDO作定语要后置。若不定式是不及物动词，作定语时其后介词不能省。修饰的名词是TIME,PLACE,WAY时其后上常省略介词作状语表目的GOTOSPTODO/DOSBCANTODO/FOLLOWSBTODO表原因BESORRYTODO/BEHAPPYTODO/BEPLEASEDTODO后接DOING的动词ADVISE,ALLOW,AVOID,MISS,MI