英语试题练习题教案学案课件2008年高考英语第二轮复习经典语法讲解及试题集

2008年高考英语第二轮复习经典语法讲解及试题集（02）名词一、考点聚焦1可数名词单、复数变化形式（1）规则变化。单数名词词尾直接加S。如BOYBOYS,PENPENS。以S、X、CH、SH结尾的单词一般加ES。如GLASSGLASSES,BOXBOXES,WATCHWATCHES,BRUSHBRUSHES。特例STOMACHSTOMACHS以“辅音字母Y“结尾的变“Y“为“I“再加“ES“。如BABYBABIES,LADYLADIES,FLYFLIES。以“O“结尾的多数加ES。如TOMATOTOMATOES,POTATOPOTATOES,HEROHEROES。但以两个元音字母结尾的名词和部分外来词中以O结尾的词只加S。如RADIORADIOS,ZOOZOOS,PHOTOPHOTOS,PIANOPIANOS,KILOKILOS,TOBACCOTOBACCOS。以“F“或“FE“结尾的名词复数形式变“F“或“FE“为“V“，之后再加ES。如WIFEWIVES,LIFELIVES,KNIFEKNIVES,WOLFWOLVES,SELFSELVES,LEAFLEAVES等。特例HANDKERCHIEFHANDKERCHIEFS,ROOFROOFS,CHIEFCHIEFS,GULFGULFS,BELIEFBELIEFS,CLIFFCLIFFS。改变元音字母的。如MANMEN,MOUSEMICE,FOOTFEET,WOMANWOMEN,TOOTHTEETH,GOOSEGEESE,OXOXEN。特例CHILDCHILDREN。复合名词的复数形式。（A）在复合词中最后名词尾加S。如ARMCHAIRARMCHAIRS,BOOKCASEBOOKCASES,BOOKSTOREBOOKSTORES。（B）MAN和WOMAN作定语修饰另一个名词时，前后两个名词都要变成复数。如MANDOCTORMENDOCTORS,WOMANDRIVERWOMENDRIVERS。（C）与介词或副词一起构成的复合名词应在主体名词部分加S。如BROTHERINLAWBROTHERSINLAW,PASSERBYPASSERSBY。有的名词有两种复数形式。如ZEROZEROS、ZEROESPENNY的两种复数形式含义有所不同PENCE（便士的钱数），PENNIES便士的枚数。（2）不规则变化。单、复数同形。如MEANS,AIRCRAFT,DEER,FISH,CHINESE,JAPANESE,SHEEP,WORKS（工厂）,CATTLE。合成名词的复数。如BOYFRIENDBOYFRIENDS,GOBETWEENGOBETWEENS中间人，GROWNUPGROWNUPS。有些名词通常只用作复数。如GLASSES眼镜，CLOTHES衣服，GOODS货物，TROUSERS裤子，BELONGINGS所有物,WAGES工资，RICHES财富,SURROUNDINGS环境，ASHES灰尘,COMPASSES圆规，CATTLE家畜，CONGRATULATIONS祝贺，HAVEWORDSWITHSB同某人吵架，INHIGHSPIRITS以很高热情地，GIVEONESREGARDSTOSB向某人问侯，INRAGS衣衫破烂，ITISGOODMANNERSTODOSTH有礼貌做某事。集体名词的数。有些集体名词通常只用作复数，如PEOPLE,CATTLE,POLICE有些名词只用作单数，如MACHINERY,FURNITURE,MANKIND,JEWELLERY有些名词既可用作单数又可用作复数，单数看做整体，复数看做集体的各个成员。如THECREWISLARGE船员人数很多（指整体）；THECREWAREALLTIRED船员们都累坏了（个体）。2、不可数名词的数（1）一般说来抽象名词为不可数名词，但当抽象名词表示具体的东西时，可用作可数名词且词义发生变化，主要类型如下抽象名词表示具有某种特性、状态、感情情绪的人或事。如抽象名词（不可数）具体化（个体名词，可数名词）INSURPRISE惊讶地ASURPRISE一件令人惊讶的事WINSUCCESS获得成功ASUCCESS一个件成功的人事WINHONOR赢得荣誉ANHONOR一个件引以为荣的事FAILURE失败ISTHEMOTHEROFSUCCESS失败是成功之母。AFAILURE失败者BYEXPERIENCE靠经验ANEXPERIENCE一次经历YOUTH青春AYOUTH一个青年人HAVEPITYONSB怜悯某人APITY可惜的事情WITHPLEASURE乐意APLEASURE乐事抽象名词与AAN连用，淡化了抽象概念，转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。如AKNOWLEDGEOFENGLISHISAMUSTININTERNATIONALTRADEWOULDYOULIKETOHAVEAWALKSWIM,BATH,TALKWITHMEITISWASTEOFTIMEREADINGSUCHANOVELSHEMADEANAPOLOGYTOHERMOTHERFORHERWRONGDOINGS2物质名词是不可数名词，但表示数量或种类之多时，可以用作可数名词。如物质名词有形或数的相应物体，有单、复数。如SOMECOFFEE一些咖啡，ACOFFEE一杯咖啡，THREECOFFEES三杯咖啡，SOMEDRINK一些饮料,ADRINK一杯饮料，THREEDRINKS三杯饮料，HISHAIR他的头发，AFEWGREYHAIRS几根白发，GLASS玻璃，AGLASS一只玻璃杯。物质名词有前置后置修饰时，前面要使用不定冠词。HAVEBREAKFASTTHEROADISCOVEREDWITHSNOWHAVEAWONDERFULBREAKFASTTHEYHAVEAHEAVYSNOWEVERYYEARTIMEANDTIDEWAITFORNOMANWEHADAWONDERFULTIMELASTNIGHT3有复数形式的不可数名词有些抽象名词往往以复数形式出现，起到一种丰富语言感情色彩或强调某种特殊状态的作用。如USEYOURBRAINS,PLEASETHEYHAVESMOOTHEDAWAYTHEDIFFICULTIESHAVEYOUMADEPREPARATIONSFORTOMORROWSMEETINGMANYTHANKSFORYOURKINDNESSNOPAINS,NOGAINSAFTERMANYFAILURES,THEYFINALLYSUCCEEDED有些物质名词以复数形式出现，表示数量之多，范围之广。如THEBOYBURSTINTOTEARSATTHEBADNEWSTHERISINGWATERSDIDALOTOFHARMTOTHECROPSTHESTONEBRIDGEBROKEDOWNINHEAVYRAINS3名词所有格（1）“S“所有格的特殊表示形式有用于表示时间、距离、价格、重量等的名词后，如TODAYSNEWSPAPER,FIVEMINUTESWALKDRIVE,FIVEPOUNDSWEIGHT,TENDOLLARSWORTHOFCOFFEE用于表示国家、世界、城市等地方的名词后。如THEEARTHSPLANET,THEWORDSPOPULATION,CHINASINDUSTRY,NEWYORKSPARKS。（2）“OF“所有格的特殊表示方式有表示“部分“时，一般在所修饰的名词前有一个表示数量的词（A、TWO、SEVERAL、SOME、NO、MANY等），如SOMESTUDENTSOFMISTERZHANGSHAVEGONETOCOLLEGE张老师的一些学生已经上大学了。表示“其中之一，其中一部分“的意思时，用AFRIENDOFTOMS汤姆的一个朋友（许多朋友中的一位）。表示赞扬、批评或厌恶等感情色彩时，应该用THAT/THIS/THESE/THOSE名词（单、复数）OFMARYS/YOURS/HIS/HERS。如THATINVENTIONOFHERSBELONGSTOTHEWORLD她的那项发明是属于全世界的（表赞赏）。4、名词作定语英语中有些名词没有其对应的同根形容词，这些名词可以直接用来作定语修饰另一个名词。（1）分类意义。AIRPOLLUTION空气污染BOYFRIEND男朋友COFFEECUP咖啡杯INCOMETAX所得税TENNISBALL网球SONGWRITER歌曲作家BODYLANGUAGE身体语言ROADACCIDENT交通事故NOBELPRIZE诺贝尔奖（2）时间、地点、称呼等。DOCTORJACK杰克医生PROFESSORLI李教授EVENINGSCHOOL夜校WINTERSLEEP冬眠STREETDANCE街舞COUNTRYMUSIC乡村音乐VILLAGEPEOPLE村民SCHOOLEDUCATION学校教育CHINAPROBLEM中国问题（3）表目的、手段、来源，所属意义。RECEPTIONDESK接待台SPORTSFIELD田径场STONETABLE石桌COLORTV彩电WEATHERREPORT天气预报二、精典名题导解选择填空1ITISGENERALLYBELIEVEDTHATTEACHINGIS_ITISASCIENCENMET2001AANARTMUCHASBMUCHANARTASCASANARTMUCHASDASMUCHANARTAS解析答案为D。当名词前有WHAT、SO、AS、TOO、QUITE等词修饰时，其形容词被这些词修饰，组成下列结构，如WHATANICEBOOKTHISISTOOHEAVYABOXFORMETOCARRYHEISNOTASHONESTABOYASMIKE等，应采取TOO/HOW形容词（副词）AAN名词的形式。要记住一些类似的特殊结构，并加以分析。2THEPOLICEAREOFFERINGA_TOANYONEWHOCANGIVEINFORMATIONABOUTTHELOSTKEY（NMET1999）APRICEBPRIZECREWARDDMONEY解析答案为C。PRICE价格，价钱；PRIZE奖金。项是钱，属不可数名词，题中所要填的是“酬金，报酬“。注意正确理解名词的含义及其搭配是活用语言的基础，在复习备考中要熟练掌握考纲中一些名词的词义、搭配、习惯等，才能更好辨析名词，从而选择最符合句意的选项。3YOULLFINDTHISMAPOFGREAT_INHELPINGYOUTOGETROUNDLONDON（NMET1998）APRICEBCOSTCVALUEDUSEFULNESS解析答案为C。本题考查特定语境中名词的词义及“BEOF抽象名词“结构。PRICE价格，COST（价钱，费用，成本）不符合题意，VALUE作“QUALITYOFBEINGUSEFULORDESIRABLE“解时，常与OF搭配，在句中作表语或补语，意为“有用，有价值“。故选择VALUE。注意名词词义辨异及惯用法表达，题中“OF抽象名词“相当于该名词的形容词形式。练习名词1THE_OFTHEROOMWERECOVEREDWITH_AROOFS,LEAFSBROOFS,LEAVESCROOVES,LEAFSDROOVES,LEAVES2THEREARETHREE_INOURFACTORYAWOMANDOCTORSBWOMENDOCTORSCWOMANDOCTORDWOMENDOCTOR3WHICHDOYOUPREFER_OR_APOTATOS,TOMATOSBPOTATOS,TOMATOESCPOTATOES,TOMATOSDPOTATOES,TOMATOES4THEYARE_OFDIFFERENTPRESSES出版社NOWTHEYAREHAVINGAMEETINGINONEOFTHE_OFFICEAEDITORINCHIEFS,EDITORSINCHIEFSBEDITORSINCHIEF,EDITORINCHIEFSCEDITORSINCHIEFS,EDITORSINCHIEFSDEDITORSINCHIEF,EDITORSINCHIEFS5THEANTHASTWO_ASTOMACHESBSTOMACKSCSTOMACHDSTOMACHS6HEDOESNTLIKE_FORSUPPERACHICKBCHICKENCCHICKENSDCHICKS7ITWAS_HOTWEATHERTHATMANYOFUSWENTSWIMMINGASOBSUCHCSOASDSUCHA8_WONDERFULSPACETHEYSAWONTHEROOMAHOWBHOWACWHATDWHATA9WEKNOW_TRAVELSNOTSOFASTASLIGHTASOUNDBSOUNDSCTHESOUNDSDASOUND10MYFAMILYRAISEALOTOF_,INCLUDINGTWO_ACATTLE,COWSBCOWS,CATTLECCATTLES,COWSDCOW,CATTLES11ANUMBEROFSOLDIERS_ATHECAMPGATE（军营门口）AHAVEGATHEREDBHASGATHEREDCISDWAS12THEBROWNSHAVESPENTALARGE_OFMONEYONTHEIRNEWCARADEALBAMOUNTCNUMBERDSIZE13_WORKHASBEENDONETOIMPROVETHEPEOPLESLIVINGSTANDARDAMANYBAGREATMANYCAGREATDEALOFDANUMBEROF14MRLISHOOK_WARMLYWITHAFRIENDAHANDBAHANDCHANDSDTHEHANDS15TWO_,PLEASEACOFFEEBCOFFEESCCUPOFCOFFEEDCUPSCOFFEE16ICANTPAYAS_ASHEASKEDFORAHIGHPRICEABHIGHPRICECAHIGHPRICEDHIGHAPRICE17_KNOWLEDGEOFSPACEDEVELOPSRAPIDLYAMANSBMENSCMENSDPERSONS18ISTAYEDAT_AXIAOWANGSBWANGSHOMECTHEWANGSDHOMEOFWANG19SISTERCARRIEWORKSINA_FACTORYASHOESBSHOSESCSHOEDSHOES20HAVEYOUEVERREAD_ATODAYNEWSPAPERBNEWSPAPERTODAYCNEWSPAPEROFTODAYDTODAYSNEWSPAPER21TWO_WALKDIDNTMADEMETIREDAHOURBHOURSCHOURSDHOURS22THEMOTHEROVERTHEREIS_MOTHERAJULIAANDMARYBJULIAANDMARYSCJULIASANDMARYSDJULIASANDMARY23LIMINGSHANDWRITINGISBETTERTHAN_INTHECLASSAANYONESBANYONEELSECANYONESELSESDANYONEELSES24THECHILDRENAREPLAYING_ONTHE_ASAND,SANDBSANDS,SANDSCSAND,SANDSDSANDS,SAND25IFTHESETROUSERSARETOOBIG,BUYASMALLER_ASETBONECCOPYDPAIR26TOMUSUALLYTAKESA_INBUSONRAINYDAYSAWALKBRIDECTRIPDTRAVEL27WEHAVENO_ABOUTWHERESHEHASGONEAINFORMATIONBNEWSCMESSAGEDFLASH28FOODAND_AREDAILYNECESSITIES（需要）FORTHEPEOPLEACLOTHBCLOTHECCLOTHESDCLOTHING29MY_OFHEARINGISNOTSOGOODASITUSEDTOBEASTRENGTHBSENSECPOWERDSKILL30THE_CAUSEDBYCARELESSNESS_YESTERDAYMANYWORKERSWEREKILLEDAINCIDENT,WASHAPPENEDBMATTER,HAPPENEDCEVENT,WASTAKENPLACEDACCIDENT,TOOKPLACE31THEROOMWASSOQUIETTHATSHECOULDHEARTHE_OFHERHEARTABEATINGBWAYSCKNOCKINGDSTRIKING32_HASBEENTOLDNOTTOTHROWWASTETHINGSANYWHEREATHEPUBLICBPEOPLECWOMENDMAN33HEWASAN_INTHEGOVERNMENT_AOFFICE,OFFICIALBOFFICIAL,OFFICECOFFICER,OFFICEDOFFICIAL,OFFICER34THEREARESEVERAL_INTHISNOVELWHOAREDIFFERENTIN_ACHARACTER,CHARACTERBCHARACTERS,CHARACTERSCCHARACTER,CHARACTERSDCHARACTERS,CHARACTER35WEVISITEDHIM_WHENHEWASINHOSPITALAEVERYOTHERDAYSBEACHOTHERDAYCEVERYOTHERDAYDEVERYTWODAY36MYFRIENDWILLRETURNIN_AONEDAYORTWOBADAYORTWOCONEDAYORTWODAORTWODAYS37_ISALWAYSDIFFICULTFORMEATRANSLATIONBTRANSLATECTHETRANSLATIONDATRANSLATION38_OFTHISNOVELISEXCELLENT,QUITETOMYSURPRISEATRANSLATIONBTRANSLATECTHETRANSLATIONDATRANSLATION39THEPOLICE_LOOKINGINTOTHEMATTERNOWABEBISCAREDAREGOINGTO40THECHINESEARE_BRAVEANDHARDWORKINGPEOPLEATHEBAC/DONE41NONEWS_GOODNEWSAISBARECHAVEDHAS42MATHSSTILL_VERYDIFFICULTFORME,THOUGHIHAVEDONEMYBESTALOOKSBSEEMSCISDARE43“WHERE_MYTROUSERS“THEBOYASKEDAISBWASCWEREDARE44HOWHAPPYTHEYAREOBVIOUSLY,THEYARE_AINNICESPIRITSBINNICESPIRITCINHIGHSPIRITSDINHIGHSPIRIT45ISAWMANY_SEATEDINTHECORNERREADINGSOMETHINGAJAPANESEBJAPANESESCOFJAPANESEDOFJAPANESES46FATHERWENTTOHISDOCTORFOR_ABOUTHISHEARTTROUBLEAANADVICEBADVICECADVICESDTHEADVICES47WEARE_ANDTHEYARE_AENGLISHMEN,GERMANSBENGLISHMEN,GERMANCENGLISHMANS,GERMANSDENGLISHMEN,GERMEN48_AREMADEOF_AAGLASS,AGLASSBGLASSES,GLASSCTHEGLASS,THEGLASSDGLASSES,GLASSES49ILLHAVETOBUY_TROUSERSAABTWOCAPAIROFDACOUPLEOF50THEREARETWO_INOURCLASSALIUBLIUSCLIUSDLIUS51_ISNEEDEDINCOLDCOUNTRIESAALOTOFCLOTHESBMUCHCLOTHINGCMANYACLOTHDLOTSOFCLOTHES52THEYARE_AMATHEMATICSSTUDENTBMATHEMATICSTUDENTSCSTUDENTSINMATHEMATICSDMATHEMATICSSTUDENTS53THELABORATORYASSISTANTRECORDEDTHE_REACTIONS（反应）AMOUSESBMICECMICESDMICES54THISLETTERWASSENTBY_AMYFATHERFRIENDBMYFATHERFRIENDSCAFRIENDOFMYFATHERSDAFRIENDOFMYFATHER55TENYEARSHADPASSEDIFOUNDSHEHAD_AALITTLEWHITEHAIRBSOMEWHITEHAIRCAFEWWHITEHAIRDAFEWWHITEHAIRS56IHAVEMADE_WITHBILLYAFRIENDSBFRIENDCAFRIENDDTHEFRIEND57THEPOPULATIONOFBEIJINGIS_THANTHATOFXIANAMOREBLARGERCFEWERDSMALL58THEREARETHIRTYTWO_INOURSCHOOLAWOMANTEACHERBWOMENTEACHERCWOMENTEACHERSDWOMANTEACHERS59HEHADTRIEDEVERYTHINGBUTITMADELITTLE_AUSEBGOODCDIFFERENCEDRESULT60YOUMUSTGETTHEREWITHINHALFANHOURTHERESHOULDBENO_INSENDINGTHEBLOODTOTHEDYINGMANAWAITBDELAYCTIMEDHURRY61ENOUGHOFITNOBODYHERETHINKSWHATYOUARESAYINGSHOULDMAKEANY_AEXCUSEBSENSECUSEDVALUE62HOWDAREYOUPLAYONSUCHTHINICEPLAYINGONICEISNOTMY_OFSPARETIMEAIDEABTHOUGHTCMINDDINTENTION63HELENSAIDSHEWOULDLIKETOGOTOATLANTABYAIR,BUTIWONDERIFSHEHASENOUGHMONEYTOPAYFORTHE_ATRAVELBTOURISMCJOURNEYDCOURSE64ONESPLENDIDMOUNTAIN_FOLLOWEDANOTHERDURINGOURJOURNEYFROMMIEHEELMORETORURUNZAVIEWBGLANCECSCREENDSCENE65THENEWLAWWILLCOMEINTO_ONTHEDAYITISPASSED1999上海AEFFECTBUSECSERVICEDEXISTENCE66WHENYOUPLAYFOOTBALL,WHAT_DOYOUPLAYASITUATIONBPLACECPARTDPOSITION67ITSIMPORTANTFORUSTOEMPLOYAWORDORAPHRASEACCORDINGTOTHE_INLANGUAGESTUDIESASITUATIONBEXPRESSIONCCONDITIONDTRANSLATION68IWROTEHIMALETTERTOSHOWMY_OFHISTHOUGHTFULNESSAACHIEVEMENTBAGREEMENTCVIEWDAPPRECIATION69ONEOFTHEADVANTAGESOFLIVINGONTHETOPFLOOROFAHIGHRISEISTHATYOUCANGETAGOOD_ASIGHTBSCENECVIEWDLOOK70NOWADAYSNATURALGAS,WINDANDOTHERFORMSOF_AREWIDELYUSEDINTHECOUNTRYAENERGYBFORCECPOWERDMATERIALS71_WITHFOREIGNCOUNTRIESCANBRINGUSMUCHINFORMATIONABOUTTHEWORLDACONTRASTBCOMPETITIONCCONTACTDCOMBINATION72WEALLKNOWTHAT_SPEAKLOUDERTHANWORDSAMOVEMENTSBPERFORMANCESCOPERATIONSDACTIONS73WEHAVEWORKEDOUTTHEPLANANDNOWWEMUSTPUTITINTO_NMET199738AFACTBREALITYCPRACTICEDDEED74WEVEMISSEDTHELASTBUSIMAFRAIDWEHAVENO_BUTTOTAKEATAXIMET1993,33AWAYBCHOICECPOSSIBILITYDSELECTION75HEDROPPEDTHE_ANDBROKEITMET1993,38ACUPOFCOFFEEBCOFFEESCUPCCUPFORCOFFEEDCOFFEECUP76HERESMYCARDLETSKEEPIN_NMET1994,33ATOUCHBRELATIONCCONNECTIONDFRIENDSHIP77HEGAINEDHIS_BYPRINTING_OFFAMOUSWRITERSNMET1995,40AWEALTHWORKBWEALTHSWORKSCWEALTHSWORKDWEALTHWORKS78ILLLOOKINTOTHEMATTERASSOONASPOSSIBLE,JUSTHAVEALITTLE_MET1996,10AWAITBTIMECPATIENCEDREST79IFBYANYCHANCESOMEONECOMESTOSEEME,ASKTHEMTOLEAVEA_NMET1997,18AMESSAGEBLETTERCSENTENCEDNOTICE80THESEFOOTBALLPLAYERSHADNOSTRICT_UNTILTHEYJOINEDOURCLUB1997上海20APRACTICEBEDUCATIONCEXERCISEDTRAINING81MANYCOUNTRIESAREINCREASINGTHEIRUSEOFNATURALGAS,WINDANDOTHERFORMSOF_1996上海15AENERGYBSOURCECPOWERDMATERIAL82YOULLFINDTHISMAPOFGREAT_INHELPINGYOUTOGETROUNDLONDONNMET199821APRICEBCOSTCVALUEDUSEFULNESS83WEALLKNOWTHAT_SPEAKLOUDERTHANWORDS1999上海24AMOVEMENTSBPERFORMANCESCOPERATIONSDACTIONS84MYPARENTSALWAYSLETMEHAVEMYOWN_OFLIVING1999上海25AWAYBMETHODCMANNERDFASHIONKEY15BBDDD610BBCAA1115ABCCB1620DAACD2125DBDCD2630BADBD3135AABDC3640BACCB4145ABDCA4650BABCB5155BDDCD5660ABCC