第十五章汽车电器系统结构与诊断

第十五章汽车电器系统结构与诊断THECARBATTERYFUNCTIONISTOPROVIDESUFFICIENTPOWERFORTHEELECTRICCOMPONENTOFTHESTEAM,SUCHASTHESTARTINGMOTIVE,THELAMP,THEWIPER,ETCTHEBATTERYMUSTALWAYSBESUFFICIENTTOSUPPLYTHENECESSARYELECTRICITYTOTHEELECTRICALCOMPONENTSWHENNECESSARYBUTBATTERYCAPACITYISLIMITED,CANTCONTINUETOPROVIDEALLTHECARPOWER,SOTHECARSNEEDCHARGINGSYSTEM,TOGENERATEELECTRICITYANDKEEPTHEBATTERYPOWERTHEELECTRICPOWERGENERATEDBYTHECHARGINGSYSTEMHASTWOUSESONEISTOCHARGETHEBATTERYTHESECONDISWHENTHECARENGINEISRUNNING,THEELECTRICALCOMPONENTISSUPPLIEDTOTHEELECTRICALCOMPONENTMOSTCARSAREEQUIPPEDWITHALTERNATORS,WHICHARESUPERIORTODCGENERATORSINTERMSOFPOWERGENERATIONANDDURABILITYBECAUSETHECARNEEDSDIRECTCURRENT,THEALTERNATINGCURRENTGENERATEDBYTHEALTERNATORWILLNEEDTOBERECTIFIEDBEFORETHEOUTPUT,ANDTHEALTERNATINGCURRENTISCONVERTEDTODIRECTCURRENTTHEFIRSTSECTIONTHEBASICSTRUCTUREOFALTERNATORTHEINTERACTIONGENERATORISUSEDTOCONVERTMECHANICALENERGYFROMTHEENGINEINTOELECTRICALENERGYTHEMECHANICALENERGYFROMTHEENGINECANBETRANSMITTEDBYTHEWHEEL,ANDTHEWHEELTURNSTHEROTOR,WHICHGENERATESALTERNATINGCURRENTINTHESTATORBYELECTROMAGNETICINDUCTIONTHEGENERATEDALTERNATINGCURRENTISGENERATEDBYADIODERECTIFIERTHEMAINCOMPONENTSOFALTERNATORSINCLUDETHETRANSFEROFELECTROMAGNETICACTION,THESTATOROFTHECURRENT,THEVOLTAGEREGULATOR,ANDTHEDIODECOMPONENTOFTHERECTIFIERINADDITION,THEALTERNATORPARTSINCLUDEPROVIDESTHEROTORCURRENTTOPRODUCEMAGNETICBRUSH,ENSURESMOOTHROTORROTATINGBEARING,ASWELLASFORCOOLINGFANROTOR,STATORANDDIODECOMPONENTALLOFTHESEPARTSAREFIXEDINFRONTANDBACKOFTHEGENERATORTHEBASICSTRUCTUREOFTHEACGENERATORISSHOWNINFIGURE111THEFUNCTIONOFROTORROTORISTOPRODUCEROTATINGMAGNETICFIELDTHEROTORCONSISTSOFTHECLAWPOLE,THEMAGNETICYOKE,THEMAGNETICFIELDWINDING,THECOLLECTORRING,THEROTORSHAFTTHESTRUCTUREOFTHEROTORISSHOWNINFIGURE12THEROTORSHAFTISLOADEDWITHTWOCLAWS,EACHWITHSIXBIRDLIKEMAGNETICPOLES,WITHAMAGNETICFIELDWINDINGADRYCOILANDAMAGNETICYOKEINTHEHOLLOWCAVITYTHERINGCONSISTSOFTWOCOPPERRINGSINSULATEDFROMEACHOTHER,THERINGOFELECTRICRINGISINSTALLEDONTHEROTORSHAFTANDISINSULATEDFROMTHESHAFT,ANDTHETWOSETSARECONNECTEDTOTHEENDSOFTHEMAGNETICFIELDWINDINGRESPECTIVELYWHENTWOORDINARYDIRECTCURRENTCOLLECTORRINGTHROUGHTHEBRUSH,THROUGHTHEFIELDWINDINGISCURRENT,AXIALMAGNETICFLUX,ANDGENERATEACLAWPOLEWASMAGNETIZEDTONPOLE,ANOTHERPIECEOFMAGNETIZEDFORSPOLE,THUSFORMINGSIXPOLETOCROSSEACHOTHERWHENTHEROTORSPINS,ITFORMSAROTATINGMAGNETICFIELD2THEFUNCTIONOFSTATORSTATORISTOGENERATEINDUCTIVEELECTROMOTIVEFORCETHESTATORISCOMPOSEDOFSTATORIRONANDSTATORWINDINGTHESTRUCTUREOFTHESTATORISSHOWNINFIGURE13THESTATORIRONCOREISFOLDEDBYASILICONSTEELPLATEWITHAGROOVEINTHEINNERRING,ANDTHECONDUCTOROFTHESTATORWINDINGISEMBEDDEDINTHESLOTOFTHECORETHESTATORWINDINGHASTWOPHASES,ANDTHETWOPHASEWINDINGADOPTSTHESTARCONNECTIONORTHETRIANGLEBIGPOWERCONNECTION,WHICHPRODUCESTHREEPHASEALTERNATINGCURRENTTHREEPHASEWINDINGWINDINGMUSTACCORDINGTOCERTAINREQUEST,TOGIVETHESAMEFREQUENCY,AMPLITUDE,PHASEDIFFERENCEEQUALANGLEOF120ELECTRICALSINEINDUCTIONELECTROMOTIVEFORCE3THEFUNCTIONOFTHERECTIFIERALTERNATORISTOCONVERTTHETHREEPHASEALTERNATINGCURRENTGENERATEDBYTHESTATORWINDINGTODIRECTCURRENTFOREXAMPLE,THE6TUBEALTERNATORRECTIFIERISCOMPOSEDOFSIXSILICONRECTIFIERDIODETHREEPHASEFULLWAVEBRIDGERECTIFIERCIRCUIT,6RECTIFIERORWELDINGINSTALLATIONINTWOBOARDSBLIGHTHESTRUCTUREOFTHERECTIFIERISSHOWNINFIGURE14ADIODEWITHASTRAIGHTLEADISINSTALLEDONANALUMINUMRADIATORPANELCALLEDAPOSITIVERECTIFIERPLATETHEDIODES,WHICHHAVEALEADINTHENEGATIVEELECTRODE,AREMOUNTEDONANOTHERALUMINUMRADIATOR,KNOWNASANEGATIVERECTIFICATIONPLATE,WHICHCANALSOBEUSEDASAREPLACEMENTFORANEGATIVERECTIFICATIONPLATETHEREISANOUTPUTTERMINALTHEOUTPUTTERMINALOFTHEGENERATORONTHECHECKBOARDNEGATIVERECTIFYINGPLATESTRAIGHTUPIRONTHENEGATIVERECTIFIERPLATEMUSTBECONNECTEDTOTHESHELLTHESHAPESOFTHERECTIFYINGPLATESAREDIFFERENT,WITHHORSESHOVES,RECTANGLESANDSEMICIRCLETHESTRUCTUREOFTHERECTIFIERPANELISSHOWNINFIGURE154THEENDCOVERISDIVIDEDINTOTWOPARTSFRONTCOVERANDBACKCOVER,ANDTHEFUNCTIONOFTHEFIXEDROTOR,STATOR,RECTIFIERANDBRUSHASSEMBLYTHEENDCOVERISCASTINALUMINUMALLOY,ONEISTHEEFFECTIVEPREVENTLEAKAGE,THESECONDISALUMINUMALLOYCOOLINGPERFORMANCEISGOODTHEBACKCOVERISEQUIPPEDWITHABRUSHASSEMBLY,WHICHCONSISTSOFTHEBRUSH,BRUSHFRAMEANDBRUSHSPRINGTHEEFFECTOFTHEBRUSHISTOPASSTHECURRENTTHROUGHTHERINGTHEMAGNETICFIELDWINDINGISINTRODUCED5THEFUNCTIONOFTHEVOLTAGEREGULATORISTOAUTOMATICALLYADJUSTTHEOUTPUTVOLTAGEOFTHEGENERATORWHENTHEGENERATORSPEEDCHANGESKEEPTHEOUTPUTVOLTAGECONSTANT,PREVENTTHEOVERVOLTAGEFROMOVERCHARGINGANDDAMAGETHEPOWEREQUIPMENT,ANDAVOIDOVERCHARGINGTHEBATTERYMOSTOFTODAYTHEGENERATORUSESANELECTRONICVOLTAGEREGULATORANDTHEELECTRONICVOLTAGEREGULATORISINTEGRATEDINTOTHEGENERATORINTHESECONDQUARTERTHECLASSIFICATIONOFALTERNATORSINADDITIONTOTHEORDINARYBELTBRUSHALTERNATOR,THECARALSOUSEOTHERTYPESOFACGENERATOR,THEGENERATORSBASICFACTORYPRINCIPLEISTHESAME,BUTTHEREEXISTCERTAINDIFFERENCESINSTRUCTURENOBRUSHALTERNATORSTHESTRUCTUREOFTHEBRUSHLESSACGENERATORISSHOWNINFIGURE16THEMAGNETICFIELDWINDINGOFTHEBRUSHLESSACGENERATORISSTATIONARY,WHICHISFIXEDBYAMAGNETICYOKETOTHEREAREND,SOITNOLONGERNEEDSABRUSHONLYONECLAWINTHETWOCLAWSISFIXEDDIRECTLYONTHEROTORSHAFTOFTHEMOTOR,ANDTHEOTHERISFIXEDTOTHETOPOFTHEFIRSTCLAWBYANONCONDUCTIVERINGWHENTHEROTORROTATES,ACLAWPOLEBYACLAWPOLEINTHESTATORROTATINGTOGETHER,WHENDIRECTCURRENTTHROUGHTHEFIELDWINDING,THECLAWISMAGNETIZED,ROTATINGMAGNETICFIELDISFORMEDBRUSHLESSALTERNATORTYPEISTHEADVANTAGESOFSIMPLESTRUCTURE,CONVENIENTMAINTENANCE,RELIABLEOPERATION,THEREISNOBRUSHANDCOLLECTORRINGGENERATORINSTABILITYCAUSEDBYPOORCONTACTORPOWERFAILUREPERMANENTMAGNETBRUSHLESSACGENERATORPERMANENTMAGNETBRUSHLESSALTERNATORISDIFFERENTFROMCOMMONGENERATORROTORPARTSPERMANENTMAGNETASTHEROTORPOLEANDPRODUCEAROTATINGMAGNETICFIELD,NOTONLYREMOVETHEBRUSHANDSLIPRING,ANDTHERESNONEEDTOFIELDWINDINGANDCLAWPOLESIMPLESTRUCTUREANDLONGSERVICELIFETHEPERMANENTMAGNETMATERIALSUSEDINTHEROTORAREFERRITE,CHROMIUMNICKELCOBALT,RAREEARTHCOBALT,ANDNDBFORTHEPERMANENTMAGNETROTORSTRUCTURE,PRODUCEAROTATINGMAGNETICFIELDINTENSITYISCONSTANT,NOT,NOTUSINGCOMMONALTERNATORREGULATORCONTROLMETHODTOADJUSTTHEOUTPUTVOLTAGEOFTHEGENERATORFIELDCURRENTCANBEUSEDTOSOLVETHEPROBLEMOFVOLTAGEREGULATOR,VOLTAGEREGULATORTOMATCHTHETHREEPHASEHALFCONTROLLEDBRIDGERECTIFIERCIRCUIT,THEGENERATOROUTPUTVOLTAGEWITHENGINESPEEDVARIESSIGNIFICANTLYPUMPALTERNATORALTERNATORGENERATORWITHPUMPWITHORDINARYACGENERATORSAREEXACTLYTHESAME,DIFFERENTISTHEROTORSHAFTENDCOVER,AFTERALONGANDSTRETCHEDOUTUSINGSPLINECONNECTEDTOVACUUMPUMPROTORINTERNALSPLINE,DRIVENSYNCHRONOUSROTATION,VACUUMPUMPANDTHEROTOROFTHEGENERATORTOTHECARBRAKESYSTEMOFVACUUMSUPERCHARGERANDOTHERDEVICESTOPROVIDEVACUUMSOURCETHEPUMPGENERATORISUSUALLYEQUIPPEDWITHLUBRICATIONANDHEATSINKTHEPUMPACGENERATORISMAINLYUSEDFORDIESELENGINEWITHNOVACUUMSOURCE,ASSHOWNINFIGUREL7INDUCTIONALTERNATORISALSOANONBRUSHALTERNATOR,WHICHISCOMPOSEDOFSTATOR,ROTOR,RECTIFIERANDCHASSISINTOITWASTHENRIVETEDBYAGEARPIECEOFSTEEL,WITHANUMBEROFTOOTHEDCONVEXPOLESTHATWEREEVENLYDISTRIBUTEDALONGTHECIRCUMFERENCE,WITHOUTAMAGNETICFIELDWINDINGTHEFIELDWINDINGANDARMATUREWINDINGAREPLACEDINTHESTATORSLOTTHESTRUCTUREOFTHEINDUCTIONALTERNATORISSHOWNINFIGURE18ASSHOWNINFIGURE18,WHENORDINARYDIRECTCURRENTMAGNETICFIELDWINDING,FIXEDMAGNETICFIELDGENERATEDINTHESTATORCOREUPPERANDLOWERLEFTASTHENPOLE5POLEFORUPPERLEFTANDLOWERRIGHTDUETOTHEEASYPASSAGEOFTHEFOURCONVEXTEETHOFTHEROTOR,THEMAGNETICINDUCTIONISTHEMOSTINTENSE,FORMINGAMAGNETICPOLEBUTEACHCONVEXTOOTHOFTHEROTORHASNOFIXEDPOLARITY,ANDWHENITSOPPOSITETHESTATORNISTHESPOLE,THESPOLEISTHENPOLEWHENTHEROTORISROTATINGINTHENONMOVINGFIELD,THEMAGNETICFLUXISTHELARGESTWHENTHECONVEXTOOTHISCONVEXTOTHESTATOR,WHILETHEROTORSLOTISTHELEASTMAGNETICFLUXWHENTHESTATORISCONVEXWITHINCONVEXTEETHASARESULT,THEROTORROTATES,THESTATORPRODUCEPULSATINGMAGNETICFLUX,THESTATORWINDINGOFINDUCTIONINSUBSTATIONACHILDAARMATUREWINDINGCORE234AROTORFIELDWINDINGEMFSTHEARMATUREWINDINGCANBECONNECTEDINACERTAINWAYANDITCANBETURNEDONBYTHERECTIFIERSECTION3TROUBLESHOOTINGMETHODSANDWARNINGPOINTSFAULTREPAIRMETHODFORGENERATOR1REMOVETHEALTERNATORAPARTFROMTHEACCUMULATORBATTERYAFTERPITCHINGWIRE,OPENALTERNATORCONNECTIONWIREANDPLUG,REMOVEBOLTSFIXEDBELTSLACKADJUSTERANDALTERNATOR,REMOVETHEALTERNATOR2THETYPEOFGENERATORSTRUCTUREISDIFFERENT,ANDTHEPROCESSOFDECOMPOSINGTHEGENERATORISDIFFERENTHEREISAGENERALBREAKDOWNOFTHEACGENERATOR1SCREWDOWNTHETHREECONNECTINGBOLTSOFTHEFIXEDENDCOVER,ANDHAMMERTHEENDSWITHAWOODENHAMMERTOREMOVETHEROTORANDTHESTATORFROMTHEGENERATORCASING1USEABENCHVICETOCLAMPTHEROTOR,LOOSENTHEBELTWHEELWITHASPECIALTOOL,REMOVETHEFANANDTHECASING3REMOVETHENUTSFROMTHESTATIONARYRECTIFIERANDREMOVETHEROTORCASING4REMOVETHEBRUSHFRAMEFROMTHESTATORTHEBRUSHFRAMEANDBRUSHASSEMBLYSHOULDBEPROTECTEDWHENDISASSEMBLING,ANDTHEINSULATIONBOARD,INSULATIONANDRECTIFIERELECTRODESARENOTDAMAGED3REPAIRTHEROTOROFTHEGENERATOR1MAINTENANCEOFFIELDWINDINGINTHEPROCESSOFUSINGTHEMAGNETICFIELDWINDING,THEWELDINGPOINTOFTHEENDOFTHEFIELDISAFFECTEDBYTHEVIBRATION,ANDTHERXLFILECANBETESTEDIFTHERESISTANCEVALUEISINFINITE,THEFIELDWINDINGISBROKENIFTHERESISTANCEISCONSISTENTWITHTHESTANDARD,THEMAGNETICFIELDWINDINGISGOODIFTHERESISTANCEVALUEISLESSTHANTHESTANDARDVALUE,THEMAGNETICFIELDWINDINGHASTHEFAULTOFINTERTURNNORMALLYTHETWOSETSOFTHEROTORHAVEANELECTRICALRESISTANCEOF35NMEASURINGTHERESISTANCEBETWEENTHERINGANDROTORSHAFTSHOULDNOTBELEDOTHERWISE,THEMAGNETICFIELDCOILHASASHORTCIRCUITFAULTREPAIROFROTORSHAFTANDSLIDERINGTHERADIALPENDULUMOFROTORSHAFTCANBECHECKEDBYAPERCENTAGE,ANDITSPENDULUMMUSTNOTEXCEEDO1MMOTHERWISEITSHOULDBECORRECTEDWHENTHETHICKNESSOFTHERINGISLESSTHAN15MM,ITSHOULDBEREPLACEDTHECYLINDERSHOULDNOTBEGREATERTHANO025MM,OTHERWISEITSHOULDBEREPLACEDWHENTHEREISSLIGHTWEARANDTEARONTHESURFACEOFTHERING,THE“00“ISSANDED,ANDIFTHEBURNISSERIOUS,ITSHOULDBEREPLACEDTHEAIRGAPBETWEENTHEROTORANDTHESTATORISUSUALLYBETWEEN025AND05MM,THEMAXIMUMISNOMORETHAN10MM4TOREPAIRTHEGENERATORSTATOR1CHECKTHEFAILUREOFTHESTATORWINDINGIFTHERESISTANCEINDICATOROFTHEMULTIMETERISINFINITE,ITINDICATESTHATTHESTATORWINDINGHASBROKENCIRCUITFAULTSCHECKTHESHORTCIRCUITFAULTOFSTATORWINDINGUSEAMULTIMETERTESTTODETERMINEWHETHERIRONISUSEDBETWEENCOREANDARMATURECOILSIFTHECIRCUITDOESNOTGUIDE,THESTATORWINDINGISWELLINSULATEDIFTHECIRCUITGUIDE,ITINDICATESTHATTHESTATORWINDINGHASANIRONFAILUREWHENTHESTATORWINDINGHASASHORTCIRCUIT,FAULTORANIRONFAILURE,ITSHOULDBEREPLACEDOVERHAULTHEGENERATORSRECTIFIERTHEMAINTENANCEOFRECTIFIERSISMAINLYFORRECTIFYINGTHERECTIFIERDIODETAKETHELEADBETWEENTHEENDOFTHEDIODEANDTHESTATORWINDING,ANDUSEAMULTIMETERTOMEASUREEACHDIODEDUETOTHERESISTANCEWITHTHEDISCRETIONOFTHEAPPLIEDVOLTAGEOFDIODEISCHANGED,SOINTHETEST,POINTERMULTIMETERSHOULDBEPLACEDINTHERXLGEAR,DIGITALMULTIMETERSHOULDBEPLACEDONO20011GEAR,OTHERWISETHETESTRESULTSWILLAPPEARLARGEDEVIATIONDIODEDETECTIONHOWGOODTHEMULTIMETERSFIRSTTWOPENSANDRESPECTIVELYINTHEMEASUREDONTHEPINDIODE,TESTINGTIME,ANDTHEN,BYEXCHANGINGTHEPOSITIONSOFTHETWOPENSANDTESTAGAINIFTWOMEASUREMENTSAREALARGE10KLLABOVEASMALLO20N,THEDIODEISGOODIFBOTHMEASUREMENTSAREINFINITE,THEDIODEISBROKENIFBOTHMEASUREMENTSAREO,THEDIODESHORTEDCURRENTLY,THEREARETWOKINDSOFINSTALLATIONMETHODSFORRECTIFYINGDIODESINCARSWELDINGANDPRESSURELOADINGFORRECTIFIERDIODEISWELDINGTYPE,ASLONGASTHEREISADIODESHORTCIRCUITOROPENCIRCUIT,THERECTIFIERDIODESINTHEPOSITIVEPLATEORTHECATHODERECTIFIERBOARDNEEDTOBEREPLACEADIODEISAPRESSUREMOUNTEDRECTIFIER,ANDADIODECANBESHORTCIRCUITEDORBROKEN,ONLYBYREPLACINGTHEDIODECHECKTHEALTERNATORRECTIFIERTHEPOLARITYOFTHEDIODEWHENDIODEORRECTIFIERBOARDWITHOUTANYMARK,CANUSEAMULTIMETERTESTITSPOLARITYCOMMONLYUSEDMULTIMETERSHAVEAPOINTERANDDIGITALTWOKINDS,THEWORKINGPRINCIPLEOFTWOKINDSOFMULTIMETERRESISTANCEISDIFFERENTTHEPOSITIVEREDPENSANDORAREOFTHEPOINTERMULTIMETERTESTBARTOPOWERTHECATHODEINTHETABLE,ANDTHEDIGITALMULTIMETERTHEPOSITIVEREDPENSANDORTESTBAROFTHEPOSITIVEINTHETABLE,ITSHOULDPAYSPECIALATTENTIONTO,OTHERWISETHEDIODEOPPOSITEPOLARITYOFTHEJUDGMENTTAKETHEEXAMPLEOFAPOINTERTYPEMULTIMETER,WHICHILLUSTRATESTHEDIODEPOLARITYDETECTIONMETHODTOCONNECTTHEPOSITIVEREDPENSANDOFTHEMULTIMETERONDIODELEADELECTRODE,MULTIMETERANODEINDIODEBLACKPENSANDANOTHERLEADELECTRODE,ATTHESAMETIMEOBSERVETHEMULTIMETERIFTHERESISTANCEVALUEISGREATERTHAN10KFL,THEDIODEISTHELOWERDIODEIFTHERESISTANCEIS820FL,THEDIODEISANEGATIVEDIODEOVERHAULTHEGENERATORBRUSHBRUSHANDBRUSHHOLDERSHALLNOTBEDAMAGEDORCRACKEDTHEBRUSHSHOULDBEABLETOMOVEFREELYINTHEBRUSHFRAMEWITHOUTTHEPHENOMENONOFTHECARDDELAYTHEBRUSHLENGTHISALSOCALLEDTHEBRUSHHEIGHT,WHICHISTHELENGTHOFTHEBRUSHFRAMETHELENGTHOFABRUSHCANBEMEASUREDWITHASTEELPLATEORAVERNIERCALIPERTHENEWBRUSHHEIGHTISUSUALLY14MM,WHENTHEBRUSHWEARSDOWNTO7MMORMORE,THEBRUSHSHOULDBEREPLACEDMAINTENANCEOFVOLTAGEREGULATORACCORDINGTOTHEOVERALLSTRUCTURE,VOLTAGEREGULATORCANBEDIVIDEDINTOELECTROMAGNETICVOLTAGEREGULATORANDELECTRONICVOLTAGEREGULATOR1ELECTROMAGNETICVOLTAGEREGULATOROPENVOLTAGEREGULATORCOVERTOCHECKFOROXIDATIONANDBURNIFTHECONTACTISSLIGHTABLATION,ITISSANDEDWITH“00“,ANDTHEREGULATORSHOULDBEREPLACEDIFTHECONTACTISSEVERELYABLATIONORTHECONTACTTHICKNESSISLESSTHANO5MMCHECKTHEINTERNALRESISTANCEOFTHEVOLTAGEREGULATOR,WHETHERTHECOILISABLATION,SHORTCIRCUITORBREAK2ELECTRONICVOLTAGEREGULATORTHECOMMONFAULTOFELECTRONICVOLTAGEREGULATORISTOADJUSTVOLTAGETOOLOW,HIGHPOWERTRIODECIRCUIT,VOLTAGEREGULATORORSMALLPOWERDIODEHASASHORTCIRCUITFAULTLEARNFROMTHEPOINTSOFLOSSANDTHEPRACTICEOFCLAIMS1THEPOINTOFTHEGENERATORFORCOLLISIONACCIDENTANDTHECLAIMGENERATORAREUSUALLYINSTALLEDINTHEENGINEBODYSFORMERLANG,WHENTHEVEHICLEISSENTWHENACOLLISIONOCCURS,ITISEASILYDAMAGEDTHEUSUALSOLUTIONISASFOLLOWS1THEGENERATORBANDISBROKENORDEFORMEDANDSHOULDBEREPLACEDNORMALLY2INCASEOFFAILUREOFGENERATORSHELL,ITSHOULDBEREPLACEDNORMALLYTHECENTRALAXISISBENTBYCOLLISION,ALTHOUGHITCANBECORRECTED,BUTITSHOULDBEREPLACED4THEFRACTUREOFTHESCREWHOLEINTHEREARENDOFTHEBACKANDBACKCOVERCANBEREPAIREDORREPLACEDBYAGENERATORCASING2THEMAJORDAMAGETOTHEVEHICLESELECTRICALSYSTEMISCAUSEDBYTHEMAINPOINTSOFTHEGENERATORANDTHEWATERIMMERSIONWHENTHEREISAWATERINTHECASEOFAVEHICLEACCIDENT,THERELEVANTPERSONNELSHOULDBETOLDTODISCONNECTTHEBATTERYCABLEOFTHEVEHICLEASSOONASPOSSIBLETOAVOIDFURTHERDAMAGEGENERATEELECTRICITYACCORDINGTODESIGNREQUIREMENTSTHEMACHINEHASSTRONGERRESISTANCETOMOISTUREANDCORROSIONRESISTANCEWATERIMMERSIONINASHORTPERIODOFTIMEDOESNOTCAUSEDAMAGETOTHEGENERATORITSHOULDBEUSEDINTHEACTUALLEARNINGNOTETHEFOLLOWING1THEDRYINGPROCESSISTIMELYIFTHEGENERATORISNOTDRIEDINTIMEAFTERTHEWATERISIMMERSED,THELINEINSIDETHEGENERATORISAVAILABLEITMAYBEOXIDIZEDBYMOISTURE,CAUSINGTHEGENERATORTOBERECHARGED2THESEAWATERSALTWATERISSOAKEDANDPROCESSEDSEAWATERSALTWATERISHIGHLYCORROSIVETOELECTRONICCOMPONENTSMOSTCURRENTGENERATORSTHEVOLTAGEREGULATORISATTACHEDTOTHEGENERATOR,ANDTHEGENERATORISSOAKEDINTHEWATERTHEVOLTAGEREGULATORMAYBECORRODED,ATTHETIMEOFTHELOSSTHEVOLTAGEREGULATORSHOULDBEEXAMINEDTHEVOLTAGEREGULATOROFMANYGENERATORSCANBEREPLACEDSEPARATELY,ANDTHEVOLTAGEREGULATORCANBEINDIVIDUALLYADJUSTEDWHENTHEDAMAGEISSETANOFFERISMADEWITHOUTREPLACEMENTOFAGENERATORASSEMBLY3THEOLDONEAFTERTHEVEHICLEISREPAIRED,THEOLDONEISCHECKEDTOCONFIRMWHETHERITISINSTALLEDINTHECARINORDERTOPREVENTTHEINCASEOFTHEBADANDOLDGENERATOR,THEOLDONESHOULDBECAREFULLYCHECKEDFORTHEORIGINALGENERATORWATERAFTERTHEHAIRTHEREWILLBEWATERMARKORCLAYTRACEONTHEMOTORCASING,ANDTHETIMEWILLBESMALLANDWHITEANDGRAYTHESEFEATURESCANBEVERIFIEDBYTHESEFEATURESTHEGENERATORISSUBMERGEDBYWATER4CHECKTHEPARTNUMBERCHECKTHEPARTSNUMBEROFTHEOLDPARTANDCONFIRMWHETHERTHEOLDONEISTHEORIGINALGENERATORAUTOMOTIVEAIRCONDITIONINGSYSTEMISUSEDTOADJUSTCARAIRCONDITIONSYSTEM,THESYSTEMCANFORINCARAIRTEMPERATURE,HUMIDITY,AIRVELOCITY,ADJUSTEDFRESHNESS,CREATINGACOMFORTABLEENVIRONMENTAROUNDACARBECAUSETHEENVIRONMENTALCONDITIONSINTHECARAREWORSEANDMORECOMPLEXTHANTHEENVIRONMENTINTHEROOM,THECARAIRCONDITIONINGSYSTEMHASITSOWNPARTICULARITYTHISCHAPTERINTRODUCESTHESTRUCTUREPRINCIPLE,MAINTENANCEANDTHEKNOWLEDGEOFCOMPONENTLEARNINGTHEFIRSTSECTIONCHARACTERISTICSANDDEVELOPMENTOFCARAIRCONDITIONINGSYSTEMTHECHARACTERISTICSOFAUTOMOBILEAIRCONDITIONINGSYSTEM1THEWORKENVIRONMENTINTHEPROCESSOFDRIVINGVEHICLES,AUTOMOTIVEAIRCONDITIONINGSYSTEMCAPABLEOFWITHSTANDINGTHEINTENSEVIBRATIONANDIMPACT,EASYTOCAUSEAIRCONDITIONINGPIPEJOINTISLOOSE,CAUSEREFRIGERANTLEAKAGETHECARCONDENSERISUSUALLYINSTALLEDINFRONTOFTHEENGINERADIATORANDISEASILYDAMAGEDBYPEBBLESORMUDTHEREFORE,THEPARTSOFTHECARAIRCONDITIONINGSHOULDHAVESUFFICIENTSTRENGTHANDVIBRATIONABILITY,THEJOINTISSTRONG,PREVENTTHEREFRIGERANTLEAKAGESTATISTICSSHOWTHAT80OFTHETROUBLEINTHECARAIRCONDITIONINGSYSTEMISCAUSEDBYTHELEAKAGEOFREFRIGERANT2THEDRIVINGMODEAIRCONDITIONINGCOMPRESSORISDRIVENBYTHEENGINEDRIVERSFORCARSANDALLKINDSOFLIGHTVEHICLES,AIRCONDITIONINGCOMPRESSORPOWERANDDRIVEPOWERSOURCEISTHESAMEENGINEOFTHECAR,THISKINDOFAIRCONDITIONINGSYSTEMISCALLEDTHEINDEPENDENTAIRCONDITIONINGSYSTEMSREQUIREDREFRIGERATINGCAPACITYFORLARGEPASSENGERCARS,DUETOTHEWARMAIR,GENERALLYADOPTSSPECIALENGINEDRIVEAIRCONDITIONINGCOMPRESSOR,ANDCONFIGURETHEINDEPENDENTHEATING,THISKINDOFAIRCONDITIONINGSYSTEMISCALLEDINDEPENDENTTYPEAIRCONDITIONINGSYSTEMFORTHEINDEPENDENTAIRCONDITIONINGSYSTEM,DUETOTHELARGERANGEOFCHANGESINTHERATEOFCAR,THEENGINESPEEDCANBEMADEOF700R/MINIDLETO6000R/NFINHIGHSPEED,COMPRESSORSPEEDANDENGINESPEEDISPROPORTIONALTO,SOTHEREFRIGERANTFLOWCONTROLMOREDIFFICULTAFTERINSTALLINGTHENONINDEPENDENTAIRCONDITIONINGSYSTEM,THEFUELCONSUMPTIONINCREASEDBY10TO20ANDTHEOUTPUTPOWEROFTHEENGINEDECREASEDBY10TO123THEWORKREQUIRESTHATTHEREFRIGERATIONANDHEATINGCAPACITYOFTHEAUTOMOBILEAIRCONDITIONINGSYSTEMSHOULDBEASLARGEASPOSSIBLEUNDERCERTAINWORKINGCONDITIONS,FORTHEFOLLOWINGREASONS1BECAUSETHECARWINDOWOCCUPIESALARGERPROPORTIONOFTHEAREA,THETEMPERATUREISHIGHINTHESUMMERCARINADDITION,THEREISTHEEFFECTOFBODYHEAT,HEATOFENGINERADIATION,THEHEATLOADOFAIRCONDITIONERISVERYBIGINTHEWINTER,THEHUMANBODYNEEDSMOREHEAT,PLUSTHEINSULATIONOFTHECAR,THEDOORSANDWINDOWS,THEHEATLOSSANDTHEHEATLOSS2CARFROMWORKINTHEFIELDOFENVIRONMENTALCHANGE,INORDERTOMAKETHECARINASHORTPERIODOFTIMETOACHIEVEACOMFORTABLEENVIRONMENT,REQUIRESTHATTHEREFRIGERATINGCAPACITYORADDHEATISLARGEENOUGH3BECAUSEOFTHESTRUCTURALCHARACTERISTICSOFTHECARITSELF,THECARAIRCONDITIONINGUNITISREQUIREDTOBECOMPACTANDCANBEINSTALLEDINALIMITEDSPACETHEWEIGHTOFCARAIRCONDITIONINGUNITSISNOW50PERCENTLOWERTHANINTHE1960S,WHILECOOLINGCAPACITYISUP50PERCENTTHEHEATINGMODEOFTHECARAIRCONDITIONINGSYSTEMISCOMPLETELYDIFFERENTFROMTHATOFTHEROOMAIRCONDITIONINGSYSTEMFORTHEIND