[毕业设计精品论文]毒死蜱降的微生物降解及中间产物分析 英文文献

JOURNALOFHAZARDOUSMATERIALS1682009400405CONTENTSLISTSAVAILABLEATSCIENCEDIRECTJOURNALOFHAZARDOUSMATERIALSJOURNALHOMEPAGEWWWELSEVIERCOM/LOCATE/JHAZMATBIODEGRADATIONOFCHLORPYRIFOSANDITSHYDR3,5,6TRICHLORO2PYRIDINOLBYBACILLUSPUMILUSSAMINAANWAR,FAUZIALIAQUAT,QAISERMKHAN,ZAFARMNROAD,ARTICLEARTICLERRAAKPORCHLORPBIODEGR3,5,6BACILLUSEE3,5,6TRICTEINDENSITYUTILIZEESENCEPHPRESENCEYM1FOODNEEDSOFTHEGROWINGGLOBALPOPULATIONBYNOWUSEOFPESTICIDESHASBECOMEANECESSARYEVILALTHOUGHTHISPRACTICEISPLAYINGCHAOSWITHHUMANANDOTHERLIFEFORMSRESIDUESTANTCROPSITISALSOUSEDFORTHECONTROLOFMOSQUITOESLARVAEANDADULTS,FLIES,TERMITESANDVARIOUSSOILANDHOUSEHOLDPESTSTHEHALFLIFEOFCHLORPYRIFOSINSOILISUSUALLYBETWEEN60AND120DAYS,OFAPPLIEDPESTICIDESSTAYINTHEENVIRONMENTAIR,SOIL,GROUNDANDSURFACEWATERFORVARIABLEPERIODSOFTIME13DUETOTHELONGPERSISTENCEOFORGANOCHLORINESLINDANE,HEPTACHLOR,DICHLORODIPHENYLTRICHLOROETHANEDDT,ETCANDTHEIRTENDENCYTOBIOACCUMULATEANDTHEIRPOTENTIALTOXICITYTOWARDSNONTARGETORGANISMS,THISGROUPOFPESTICIDEHASBEENREPLACEDBYRELATIVELYLESSPERSISTENTANDYETEFFECTIVEORGANOPHOSPHORUSOPCOMPOUNDSTHOUGHORGANOPHOSPHATESDEGRADEFASTERTHANTHEORGANOCHLORINES,THISCLASSOFPESTICIDEHASACUTENEUROTOXICITYWHICHISDUETOTHEIRABILITYTOSUPPRESSACETYLCHOLINEESTERASEACHEACHESERVESASAREGULATINGENZYMEOFNERVOUSTRANSMISSIONBYREDUCINGTHECONCENTRATIONOFACETYLCHOLINEATTHESYNAPTICJUNCTIONWHENACHEISINACTIVATED,EG,BYANORGANOPHOSPHATEPESTICIDE,THECONCENTRATIONOFACETYLCHOLINEINTHEJUNCTIONREMAINSHIGH,ANDCONTINUOUSSTIMULATIONOFTHEMUSCLEORNERVEFIBEROCCURS,RESULTINGEVENTUALLYINEXHAUSTIONANDTETANY4CORRESPONDINGAUTHORATENVIRONMENTALBIOTECHNOLOGYDIVISION,NATIONALINSTITUTEFORBIOTECHNOLOGYANDGENETICENGINEERINGNIBGE,POBOX577,JHANGROAD,FAISALABAD,PAKISTANTEL92412651475X294/292FAX92412651472EMAILADDRESSSIQBALNIBGEORGSIQBALBUTCANRANGEFROM2WEEKSTOOVER1YEAR,DEPENDINGONTHESOILTYPE,CLIMATE,ANDOTHERCONDITIONS5INITIALLY,DEGRADATIONOFPESTICIDEWASOBSERVEDINALKALINESOILSANDPHENOMENONWASRELATEDTOITSHYDROLYSISATHIGHPHHOWEVERWHENTHESEVERALHIGHPHSOILSWERESTERILE,COMPLETEINHIBITIONOFCHLORPYRIFOSHYDROLYSISWASOBSERVEDWHICHINDICATEDTHEINVOLVEMENTOFSOILMICROORGANISMS6LATER,SAMERESULTSWERECONFIRMEDBYSINGHETAL7ITHASBEENPROBLEMATICTOISOLATEAPUREBACTERIALSTRAINCAPABLEOFDEGRADINGCHLORPYRIFOSBECAUSETHISORGANOPHOSPHATEISRESISTANTTOWARDSENHANCEDBIODEGRADATIONSEVERALFRUITLESSATTEMPTSWEREMADETOISOLATEACHLORPYRIFOSDEGRADINGMICROBIALSYSTEMBYREPEATEDTREATMENTSORENRICHMENTOFSOILSAMPLES8,9GENERALLY,SOILMICROORGANISMSTHATREPEATEDLYORCONTINUOUSLYENCOUNTERSYNTHETICTOXICCHEMICALSDEVELOPCAPABILITIESTODEGRADESUCHCHEMICALSANDSUCHMICROORGANISMSWITHNEWLYEVOLVEDTRAITSHAVEBEENIMPLICATEDINTHERAPIDINACTIVATIONOFPESTICIDESINPROBLEMSOILS10APOSSIBLEREASONOFFORRESISTANCEOFCHLORPYRIFOSTOENHANCEDBIODEGRADATIONWASATTRIBUTEDTOTOXICEFFECTSOF3,5,6TRICHLORO2PYRIDINOLTCP,THEHYDROLYTICPRODUCTOFCHLORPYRIFOS11SINGHETAL12ISOLATEDSIXCHLORPYRIFOSDEGRADINGBACTERIAFROMANAUSTRALIANSOILSHOWINGENHANCEDDEGRADATIONOFCHLORPYRIFOS03043894/SEEFRONTMATTER2009ELSEVIERBVALLRIGHTSRESERVEDDOI101016/JJHAZMAT200902059ATIONALINSTITUTEFORBIOTECHNOLOGYANDGENETICENGINEERINGNIBGE,POBOX577,JHANGINFOHISTORYECEIVED16SEPTEMBER2008ECEIVEDINREVISEDFORM1JANUARY2009CCEPTED10FEBRUARY2009VAILABLEONLINE21FEBRUARY2009EYWORDSESTICIDESGANOPHOSPHATEYRIFOSADATIONTRICHLORO2PYRIDINOLTCPPUMILUSABSTRACTABACTERIALSTRAINC2A1ISOLATFIRSTHYDROLYSISMETABOLITCHARACTERISTICS,BIOCHEMICALPUMILUSROLEOFSTRAINC2A1CONDITIONSLIKEPH,INOCULUMTRATIONCHLORPYRIFOSWASCOMETABOLIZEDINTHEPRDATIONWASOBSERVEDATHIGHSOURCEANDENERGYINTHEDUETOHIGHGROWTHONEASILC2A1SHOWED90DEGRADATIONINTRODUCTIONPESTICIDESWEREINTRODUCEDTOAGRICULTURETOFULFILLTHEINCREASEDOLYSISPRODUCTSTRAINC2A1KHALID,SAMINAIQBALFAISALABAD,PAKISTANDFROMSOILWASFOUNDHIGHLYEFFECTIVEINDEGRADINGCHLORPYRIFOSANDITSHLORO2PYRIDINOLTCPONTHEBASISOFMORPHOLOGY,PHYSIOLOGICALSTSAND16SRRNASEQUENCEANALYSIS,STRAINC2A1WASIDENTIFIEDASBACILLUSTHEDEGRADATIONOFCHLORPYRIFOSWASEXAMINEDUNDERDIFFERENTCULTURE,PRESENCEOFADDEDCARBON/NUTRIENTSOURCESANDPESTICIDECONCENDBYSTRAINC2A1ASTHESOLESOURCEOFCARBONANDENERGYASWELLASITWASOFGLUCOSE,YEASTEXTRACTANDNUTRIENTBROTHMAXIMUMPESTICIDEDEGRA85ANDHIGHINOCULUMDENSITYWHENCHLORPYRIFOSWASUSEDASTHESOLEOFOTHERNUTRIENTS,CHLORPYRIFOSDEGRADATIONWASENHANCEDPROBABLYETABOLIZABLECOMPOUNDSWHICHINTURNINCREASEDDEGRADATIONTHESTRAINOFTCP300MGL1WITHIN8DAYSOFINCUBATION2009ELSEVIERBVALLRIGHTSRESERVEDCHLORPYRIFOSO,ODIETHYLO3,5,6TRICHLORO2PYRIDYLPHOSPHOROTHIOATEISONEOFTHEMOSTWIDELYUSEDOPINSECTICIDESEFFECTIVEAGAINSTABROADSPECTRUMOFINSECTPESTSOFECONOMICALLYIMPORSANWARETAL/JOURNALOFHAZARDOUSMATERIALS1682009400405401OUTOFSIX,ONESTRAINENTEROBACTERSPWASABLETOHYDROLYZETHISPESTICIDELIETAL13ISOLATEDASTRAINBELONGINGTOTHEGENUSSPHINGOMONASCAPABLEOFHYDROLYZINGCHLORPYRIFOS100MGL1INTO3,5,6TRICHLORO2PYRIDINOLTCPENVIRONMENTALFACTORSSUCHASPHYSICALANDCHEMICALCHARACTERISTICSOFTHESUBSTRATE,NUTRIENTSSTATUS,PH,TEMPERATUREANDBIOTICFACTORSSUCHINOCULUMDENSITYPREJUDICETHEACCOMPLISHMENTOFANYBIOREMEDIATIONPROCESS14,15ITWASREPORTEDTHATASOILOF7SONCONTAMINATTHERTAMINAT110CONCENTRSINGHTALSOILFORPCAENMICRFOSIMDEGRBLE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