酒店业 英文文献及翻译

A1A0A2A3A4A5A61外文文献HOTELINDUSTRYPEOPLEHAVEBEENMAKINGALIVINGBYPROVIDINGROOMSFORTRAVELERSEVERSINCETHEFIRSTLODGINGHOUSESWEREBUILTTOACCOMMODATETRAVELERSINANCIENTTIMESTODAY,HOTELSOFFERFARMORETHANJUSTAROOMFORTRAVELINCREASEDMOTELS,RESORTHOTELS,ANDCONVENTIONHOTELSHAVEBEENDEVELOPEDTOCATERTOTHEVARIEDNEEDSOFTODAYSTRAVELINGPUBLICATTHESAMETIME,HOTELCHAINSHAVEESTABLISHEDTHEMSELVESASTHEDOMINANTFORCEINTHEINDUSTRYMOTELSINTHEUNITEDSTATESEVOLVEDFROMTHEROADSIDETOURISTCABINSANDTOURISTCOURTSTHATWEREFIRSTINTRODUCEDINTHEEARLY1990SINRESPONSETOTHEINCREASEINTRAVELASTHEAUTOMOBILEBEGANTOREPLACETHETRAINASTHEPRIMARYMEANSOFTRAVELINTHEUNITEDSTATES,THEREWASANINCREASEDDEMANDFORROADSIDEACCOMMODATIONSTHEFIRSTMOTELSBEGANTOAPPEARINTHE1920SANDWEREUSUALLYONESTOREYBUILDINGS,WITHANAVERAGEOFTWENTYFIVEUNITSORROOMSMOTELSREALLYCAMEOFAGEDURINGTHE1950STWOMAINFACTORSCONTRIBUTEDTOTHEBOOMINMOTELCONSTRUCTIONONEWASTHEDEVELOPMENTOFTHEINTERSTATEHIGHWAYSYSTEM,BEGINNINGIN1956THEOTHERWASTHEFIRSTTIME,ADDEDANUMBEROFSERVICESRESTAURANTSWIMMINGPOOLS,ANDINROOMTELEVISIONBECAMESTANDARDFEATURESTHENEXTSTEPINTHEDEVELOPMENTOFTHEMOTELINDUSTRYWASTHEMOVEAWAYFROMHIGHWAYLOCATIONSINTOTHEDOWNTOWNSECTIONSOFLARGECITIESWITHTHEINCREASEINAIRTRAVEL,MOTORHOTELSALSOBEGANTOMOVEOUTTOTHEAIRPORTSARESORTHOTELISONETHATPEOPLEVISITFORRELAXATION,RECREATION,ANDENTERTAINMENTTHEIDEAOFTHERESORTHOTELWASBORNINTHE18THAND19THCENTURYEUROPESPLENDIDHOTELSWEREBUILTALONGTHEFRENCHRIVIERAINTHESWISSALPS,ANDATVARIOUSMINERALSPRINGSTHROUGHOUTTHECONTINENTTHERESORTHOTELINTHEUNITEDSTATESDEVELOPEDWITHTHEEXPANSIONOFTHERAILROADSINTHESECONDHALFOFTHENINETEENTHCENTURYALLCATEREDEXCLUSIVELYTOTHERICHANDTOTHEUPPERMIDDLECLASSFAMILIESSTAYEDFORTWOORTHREEMONTHSANDRETURNEDTOTHESAMEHOTELSYEARAFTERYEARWITHTHERISEINMASSTOURISM,RESORTHOTELSHAVEBEENESTABLISHEDINGREETNUMBERSATDESTINATIONSTHROUGHOUTTHEWORLDSOMEOFTHESELUXURYRESORTHOTELSA1A0A2A3A4A5A62HAVESURVIVED,BUTTODAYTHEYAREHEAVILYOUTNUMBEREDBYRESORTHOTELSTHATCATERTOORDINARYPEOPLEWHOSTAYFROMDAYSTOWEEKSWITHINCREASEDLEISURETIMEANDHIGHERWAGES,MANYPEOPLENOWTAKEATLEASTONEVACATIONAWAYFROMHOMEEACHYEARTHEJETAIRPORTHASOPENEDUPAREASOFTHEWORLDTHATWEREPREVIOUSLYINACCESSIBLETOTHEVACATIONERRESORTHOTELCONSTRUCTIONBOOMEDINTROPICALAREASUCHASTHECARIBBEANANDHAWAIIACONVENTIONHOTELISONETHATCATERSTOLARGEGROUPGATHERINGSTHERISEOFCONVENTIONHOTELSHASBEENONEOFTHEDEVELOPMENTSINTHEHOTELINDUSTRY,ANDCONVENTIONEERSNOWACCOUNTFORALMOST20PERCENTOFALLHOTELGUESTSMANYDOWNTOWNHOTELSSAWOCCUPANCYLEVELSDROPDURINGTHE1950SANDEARLY1960SASMOTELSCAPTUREDALARGERSEGMENTOFTHEMARKETINRESPONSE,SOMEHOTELSBEGANTOADDFACILITIESFORCONVENTIONSOROTHERGROUPGATHERINGSASAMEANSOFSURVIVALATFIRST,CONVENTIONSWERESCHEDULEDFOROFFPEAKPERIODS,BUTASTHEVOLUMEOFCONVENTIONBUSINESSINCREASED,THEYBEGANTOBESCHEDULEDYEARROUNDTHEBUSINESSOFLARGEHOTELSTHATCATEREXCLUSIVELYTOCONVENTIONGROUPSBEGANGOINGUPINTHEMAJORCITIESINTHELATER1960STHEYALLFEATUREAWIDEVARIETYOFRESTAURANTS,BANQUETROOMS,MEETINGROOMS,ANDCONVENTIONANDEXHIBITIONHALLSRESORTHOTELS,MOTELSANDAIRPORTHOTELSHAVEALSOBEGUNTOOFFERCONVENTIONFACILITIESTHEARRIVALOFTHEJETAGELEDTOTHESECONDMAJORHOTELBUILDINGPERIODOFTHETWENTIETHCENTURY,LASTINGFROM1958TO1974INTHEEARLYPARTOFTHISPERIOD,THEHOTELCHAINSMAJORGOALSINPLANNINGNEWPROPERTIESWEREECONOMY,EFFICIENCY,ANDSTANDARDIZATIONOFDESIGNASHERATONHOTELINMIAMI,FOREXAMPLE,MIGHTBEALMOSTIDENTICALTOONENEARLY3,000MILESAWAYINLOSANGELESBYTHELATE1960S,HOWEVER,THEREWASAREACTIONAGAINSTTHISUNIFORMITYOFDESIGNANDNEWHOTELARCHITECTUREWASBORNTHEOPENINGOFTHEHYATTMARKEDARETURNTOTHEGRANDEUROFTHEOLDLUXURYHOTELSSCENICELEVATORS,FOUNTAINS,WATERFALLS,TREES,HUGESCULPTURES,ANDBARSANDCAFESAREINCLUDEDINTHELOBBYSOTHATITWASNOLONGERJUSTAPLACEFORREGISTRATIONANDCHECKOUTITALSOBECAMETHEMAINEATING,DRINKING,ANDMEETINGAREATHESUCCESSOFTHEATLANTAHYATTREGENCYLEDTOTHEBUILDINGOFSIMILARATRIUMHOTELSINCITIESANDCOMBINECOMMERCIAL,OFFICE,ANDHOTELFACILITIESWITHSPORTSANDRECREATIONALFACILITIESTHESMALLCOUNTRYINNISATYPEOFLODGINGPLACETHATHASSURVIVEDBYOFFERINGA1A0A2A3A4A5A63INCREASEDSERVICEANDFACILITIESINFACT,MANYTURNAWAYFROMSUCHMODERNCONVENIENCESASINROOMTELEVISION,RADIOS,ANDTELEPHONESINSTEAD,THEYOFFERTHEATTRACTIONOFOLDWORLDCHARMANDCOZINESSINASCENICORHISTORICSETTINGGUESTSMIGHTEXPECTTOFINDWORKINGFIREPLACESINTHEIRROOMS,HANDMADEQUILTSONTHEIRBEDS,ANDANTIQUEFURNITURETHROUGHOUTTHEINNMANYOFTHEINNSAREDIRECTDESCENDANTSOFTHEOLDINNSANDTAVERNSTHATFLOURISHEDALONGSTAGECOACHROUTES200YEARSAGOTHESMALLERCOUNTRYINNS,SOMETIMESWITHASFEWASTHREEORFOURROOMS,AREUSUALLYRUNBYFRIENDLYCOUPLESWHOPRIDETHEMSELVESONTHECOMFORTANDCLEANLINESSOFTHEIRACCOMMODATIONSANDTHEQUALITYOFTHEFOODTHATTHEYSERVESOMEOFTHELARGERCHAINHOTELSEGHOLIDAYINNSUSETHENAMEINNMOTORINNS,HOWEVER,SHOULDNOTBECONFUSEDWITHCOUNTRYINNSTHECHAINSUSETHENAMETOSUGGESTAFEELINGOFWARMTHANDFRIENDLINESS,THOUGHTHEIRPROPERTIESQUITEDIFFERENTFROMTHEMOREINTIMATECOUNTRYINNSFORCENTURIES,THEHOTELBUSINESSCOULDWELLBUSINESSCOULDWELLBEDESCRIBEDASACOTTAGEINDUSTRY,BECAUSEEACHHOTELWASAPRIVATELYOWNED,INDEPENDENTENTERPRISEOCCASIONALLY,AWELLKNOWHOTELWOULDSUCCESSFULLYPRODUCEAFEWNAMESAKESUNDERTHESAMEMANAGEMENT,BUTSUCHEXAMPLESWEREFEWTHEFIRSTNOTABLEEXCEPTIONWASTHECAESARRITZGROUPEMSTATLERWASTHEFIRSTTOPOINTOUTTHEECONOMICANDFINANCIALADVANTAGESOFOPERATINGSEVERALLARGEHOTELSUNDERASINGLEMANAGEMENTDESPITESTATLERSSUCCESS,THECHAINCONCEPTWASSLOWTOCATCHONINTHEPERIODBETWEENTHETWOWORLDWARSLATERON,CONRADHILTON,INPARTICULAR,BECAMETHEORIGINATORCONTRIBUTINGTOTHEGROWTHOFTHEHOTELMANAGEMENTCOMPANYKEMMONSWELSONANDWALLACEJOHNSON,FOUNDERSOFHOLIDAYINN,FULLYENRICHEDTHECHAINCONCEPTBYFRANCHISINGTHEHOLIDAYINNNAMEANDESTABLISHINGANATIONALRESERVATIONNETWORKTHECHAINSHAVEEXPANDEDINANUMBEROFWAYSONEISTHROUGHDIRECTINVESTMENTITMEANSTHATTHEHEADQUARTERSCORPORATIONITSELFPUTSUPTHENECESSARYFUNDTOBUILDANDOPERATEANEWHOTELORTOBUYANDRENOVATEANOLDONEANOTHERISBYESTABLISHINGMANAGEMENTCONTRACTSWITHTHEACTUALOWNEROFTHEHOTEL,WHEREBYTHECHAINACTUALLYTAKESOVERANEMPTYBUILDINGANDOPERATESITACCORDINGTOITSOWNOPERATINGPROCEDURESFORAFEEORFORAPERCENTAGEOFTHEPROFITSTHISMETHODISFREQUENTLYUSEDWHENTHECHAINEXPENDSINTOAFOREIGNCOUNTRYASOMEWHATSIMILARMETHODISTHEJOINTVENTURE,APARTNERSHIPINWHICHBOTHTHECHAINANDLOCALA1A0A2A3A4A5A64INVESTORSPUTUPPARTOFTHECAPITALTHATISNECESSARYFORNEWCONSTRUCTIONORTHEPURCHASEOFANEXISTINGBUILDINGYETANOTHERWAYWIDELYUSEDISFRANCHISINGITISALEASINGARRANGEMENTTHATREQUIRESTHEHOTELOPERATORTOPAYAFEEFORTHEUSEOFTHEPLANS,MANUALSOFPROCEDUREANDADVERTISINGMATERIALSINRETURN,THEHOTELOPERATORISGRANTEDALICENSETOOPERATEABUSINESSUNDERTHENAMEOFTHEPARENTCORPORATIONTHEFRANCHISEOPERATORPUTSUPTHECAPITAL,BUTHEGETSASTANDARDIZEDPRODUCTWITHAPREDICTABLESALESPOTENTIALHECANOFCOURSEALSOGETALOTOFHELPFROMTHELICENSINGCORPORATIONINESTABLISHINGHISOPERATIONANDTHENINSOLVINGPROBLEMSTHATARISEAFTERITHASOPENEDSOMEFRANCHISEOPERATIONSAREALSOJOINTVENTURES,WITHBOTHTHECORPORATIONANDTHEINDIVIDUALOWNERSUPPLYINGPARTOFTHEINITIALCAPITALTHEREAREMANYIMPORTANTCOMPETITIVEADVANTAGESTHATTHEHOTELCHAINSHAVEOVERTHEINDIVIDUALLYOPERATEDHOTELSTHEFIRSTISTHERESOURCESANDMONEYONADVERTISINGANDPUBLICRELATIONSPROFESSIONALSATCHAINSHEADQUARTERS,WHOPREPAREPUBLICITYCAMPAIGNSFORTHECHAINASAWHOLEASECONDADVANTAGECOMESFROMTHESTANDARDIZATIONOFEQUIPMENTANDOPERATINGPROCEDURESTHECHAINSPUBLISHDETAILEDMANUALSTHATSPECIFYSTANDARDIZEDPROCEDURESTOBEFOLLOWEDEVENINSUCHTASKSASMAKINGBEDSANDSETTINGTABLESEVENWHENTHEDIFFERENTHOTELSINTHECHAINARENOTTIGHTLYCONTROLLEDBYACENTRALOFFICE,ITISCUSTOMARYTOHAVEANINSPECTIONSYSTEMINORDERTOGUARANTEETHEOVERALLSTANDARDSTHEMOSTIMPORTANTANDMOSTOBVIOUSADVANTAGEISTHEINCREASEDEFFICIENCYINMAKINGANDCONTROLLINGRESERVATIONSAGUESTATONEHOTEL,FORINSTANCE,CANRECEIVECONFIRMATIONOFAROOMATANOTHERWITHINAFEWMINUTESWHENACHAINISOWNEDBYANAIRLINE,THETRAVELERCANMAKEHISRESERVATIONSFORFLIGHTSANDFORHOTELROOMSATTHESAMETIMEANDPLACEHOTELCHAINSALSOMAKEITEASYTORESERVEAROOMBYTELEPHONEINKEYMARKETCITIESMANYOFTHECHAINSARE,INFACT,REFERRALSYSTEMSRATHERTHANCORPORATEOWNEDGROUPSINAREFERRALSYSTEM,THEOPERATORSOFINDIVIDUALHOTELSORMOTELSPAYAFEETOAGROUPTHATHASJOINEDTOGETHERINARESERVATIONSYSTEMINMOSTCASES,THEESTABLISHMENTISINSPECTEDBYTHEHEADQUARTERSSTAFFOFTHECHAINTOENSURETHATITMEETSTHECHAINSSTANDARDS,ITCANUSETHENAMEANDADVERTISINGSYMBOL,THELOGOFORTHEGROUPINTHATCASE,THEINDIVIDUALOPERATIONHASBECOMEACHAINMEMBERA1A0A2A3A4A5A65STILLANOTHERADVANTAGEFORTHECHAINSISININCREASEDSALESPOTENTIALFORCONVENTIONASITISNOWACOMMONLYACCEPTEDIDEATHATCONVENTIONSSHOULDCOMBINEBUSINESSANDPLEASURE,THEPRACTICEOFCHANGINGLOCATIONSEVERYYEARISVERYATTRACTIVETOMANYSPONSORINGGROUPSINTHISWAY,THESPONSORINGGROUPCANHOLDITSMEETINGINONELOCATIONONEYEARANDANOTHERTHENEXT,WHILEATTHETIMEWITHTHEASSURANCEOFVERYSIMILARSERVICEANDCOSTSANOTHERSTRONGPOINTOFTHECHAINSYSTEMCOMESFROMTHESUPERIORPLANNINGANDDESIGNOFHOTELSTHEBENEFITSBEGINHEREEVENBEFORETHELOCATIONISSELECTED,BECAUSETHECHAINSHAVEACCESSTOEXPENSIVEMARKETRESEARCHDATAONSITESELECTIONANDSIZEOFTHEHOTELTHELARGECHAINSHIREARCHITECTSANDINTERIORDECORATORSWHOSPECIALIZEINHOTELWORKMANYCHAINSOFTENHIRECONSULTANTSTOADVISETHEMTHECHAINSCANEITHERUSETHEIREXPERTKNOWLEDGEDIRECTLYTOBUILDTHEIROWNHOTELSORPASSITALONGTOOTHERSWHENTHEYPARTICIPATEINAJOINTVENTURE,AMANAGEMENTLEASINGARRANGEMENT,ORAFRANCHISINGOPERATIONCHAINSMANAGEMENTALSOINCREASESTHEEFFICIENCYOFTHETOTALORGANIZATIONINOTHERWAYSFOREXAMPLE,ITPERMITSVERYLARGEBULKPURCHASESFORMANYKINDSOFEQUIPMENTANDSUPPLIESTHEACCOUNTINGANDAUDITINGSYSTEMSOFTHECHAINSCANBECENTRALIZEDACENTRALIZEDPERSONNELOFFICEFORMANAGERIALANDTECHNICALPOSITIONSTHROUGHOUTTHECHAINALSOPROVIDESANADVANTAGEINSECURINGCOMPETENTPEOPLEINTHEDIFFERENTHOTELS,MANAGEMENTTRAINEESCANOBTAINEXPERIENCEINALLTHEWIDEVARIETYOFSKILLSTHATGOINTOTHEOPERATIONOFAHOTELLATER,WHENTHEYHAVEGAINEDTHENECESSARYEXPERTISEINSEVERALAREAS,THESESAMEPEOPLEMAYRETURNTOTHEHEADQUARTERSTODIRECTANDTRAINOTHERSTODAY,THERECOMESVERYINTENSIFIEDCOMPETITIONINTHEHOTELINDUSTRYAFTERDECADESOFMIXEDFORTUNESTHEYWOULDNOWFACEADECADEWHENTHEREISSLOWEXPANSION,OREVENNOGROWTH,BUTWITHGROWINGCOMPETITIONTHEINCREASEDCOMPETITIONCOULDRISEFROMUPMARKETSELFCATERING,TIMESHARING,HOMEENTERTAINMENTANDOTHERAREAS,ASWELLASFROMPRODUCERSOFAWHOLEVARIETYOFCONSUMERPRODUCTSANDSERVICESHOTELIERSMUSTENSURETHATTHEYOBTAINTHEIRSHAREOFMARKETINORDERTODOSO,THEYSHOULDLISTENTOTHEMARKETMOREINTENSECOMPETITIONASMARKETKEEPONCHANGING,ITISWISETOREDEFINEMARKETSACCORDINGLYA1A0A2A3A4A5A66UNLESSCUSTOMERSPOINTSOFVIEWARECONSTANTLYCONSIDEREDANDTHEIRDEMANDSAREBESTSATISFIED,THEREISADANGERTHATPRESENTGUESTSANDCUSTOMERSMAYDRIFTAWAYTOCOMPETITORANDNEWCUSTOMERSWILLNOTBEATTRACTEDFURTHERMORE,ITISESSENTIALTODECIDETHEADVANTAGESANDWEAKNESSOFONESPRODUCTS,ANDATTHESAMETIMEBEARINMINDTHEDIFFERENTSOURCESOFBUSINESSANDTHESTRENGTHANDWEAKNESSOFONESCOMPETITORSTHELASTPOINTONCOMPETITORSISTHATTIMEANDMONEYSHOULDBESPENTINSELECTINGTHESOURCEOFBUSINESSTHATTHEYAREBESTSUITEDFORANDWHERETHEYHAVETHELEASTCOMPETITIONHOWTOCHOOSETHEBESTSUITABLEMARKETANDSOURCESOFBUSINESSFIRST,ONESHOULDTRYTOGETASMUCHINFORMATIONASPOSSIBLEONTHEHOTELTHEN,ASERIESOFOBJECTIVELYPREPAREDLEAGUETABLESTHATGRADETHEHOTELSADVANTAGESANDLIMITATIONSSHOULDBEMADETHEINFORMATIONREQUIREDMAYINCLUDETHEFOLLOWINGBROADBACKGROUNDINFORMATION,FACILITIESOFTHEHOTEL,DETAILSOFCOMPETITIVEHOTELS,GUESTSINFORMATION,ACTIVITYLEVELS,EMPLOYEESANDTHEIRSELLINGABILITIES,SPECIFICINFORMATIONONLOCALCOMMUNITIES,INDUSTRY,EVENT,COMMUNICATIONSANDCATCHMENTAREA,ANDADVANTAGEANDLIMITATIONLISTOFBOTHONESHOTELANDCOMPETITORSAFTERGATHERINGTHEINFORMATION,ANOTHERSERIESOFLEAGUETABLESISREQUIREDTOSHOWTHEHOTELSPOSITIONRELATIVETOITSCOMPETITORSTHEAIMOFLEAGUETABLESISTOPUTTHECOMPETITIONINTOVISIBLEANDTOSHOWFORSOMESOURCESOFBUSINESSWHEREISMORECOMPETITIONANDFOROTHERSLESSBYLINKINGTHESEFINDINGTOTHERESPECTIVEADVANTAGESANDDISADVANTAGESOFBOTHSIDES,ANSWERSAREPROVIDEDONWHERETOFOCUSONESSALESANDMARKETEFFORTSPECIFICALLY,THERELEVANTINFORMATIONANDLEAGUETABLESMAYINCLUDE1MAKEALISTOFONESHOTELABOUTITSCOMPETITIVEADVANTAGESTHELISTWILLVARYDEPENDINGONTHESOURCEOFBUSINESS2CALCULATEONESMARKETSHAREOFTOTALCOMPETITIVECAPACITYANDITSMAINCOMPETITORSSHARE3CONSIDERVARIOUSTARIFFSANDCHARGESTHATMAYOCCURINTHEHOTEL4INFORMATIONABOUTTHEFACILITIES,SALESANDMARKETCAPABILITIES,RECEIVINGCAPABILITY,LOCATION,ETCOFTHEHOTELANDTHECOMPETITORS5SCORETHEGRADESDEPENDENTONTHEDEMANDSOFDIFFERENTSOURCESOFBUSINESS,IE,BUSINESSMEN,INDIVIDUALTOURISTS,CONFERENCEDELEGATES6CONSIDERTHEVARIOUSPOTENTIALMARKETSFROMANUMBEROFPOINTSOFVIEWA7A8A9A10A11A12A137IFONETAKESTHEABOVEMENTIONEDINFORMATIONANDEXAMINEONESOWNBUSINESSEXPERIENCEANDJUDGMENTSHOULDHELPTODEFINEMORECLEARLYTHEMAINSOURCESOFBUSINESSONWHICHONESHOTELSHOULDEXERCISEEFFORTSNEVERNEGLECTESTABLISHEDMARKETSANDTHEBUSINESSPARTSOFTHEWEEK,MONTHOFYEARHOWEVER,MANYHOTELSHAVENATURALBUSYPERIODS,SUCHASMONDAYANDTHURSDAYNIGHTSINAWEEK,ORTHESUMMERSEASON,ORTHEFESTIVALSSOITISIMPORTANTTODEFINEMARKETS,WHICHWILLENSUREABETTERPROFITINONESOFFSEASONPERIODSBESIDESTHEABOVESUGGESTIONSORMARKETDEFINING,SOMESPECIALMARKETDEMANDSREQUIREATTENTIONONEISTHEMENUFATIGUEMANYBUSINESSEXECUTIVESWHOEATOUTOFTENORSTAYINHOTELSREGULARLYCOULDSUFFERFROMASEVERE“MENUFATIGUE”THATISWHENTHEYEATINHOTELRESTAURANTOROUT,THEYCANALWAYSTELLYOUEVERYITEMONTHEMENUWITHOUTEVENAGLIMPSEATITSOIFAHOTELIERCANREGULARLYTRYTOORIGINALANDFRESHMENUS,DISHESANDIDEASANDPROMOTETHEMINEVERYPOSSIBLEPLACE,THISMASSMARKETOFPEOPLEWILLBESURETO“BEATAPATHTOHIS/HERDOOR”THESECONDISTHEACTIVELEISUREPEOPLEAREBECOMINGMUCHMOREHEALTHCONSCIOUS,ANDMANYHOTELSBEGINTORECOGNIZETHISTRENDASTHERESULT,FACILITIESSUCHASGYMROOMSWITHEXERCISEMACHINESAREPROVIDEDASPARTOFTHEIRESSENTIALFUTUREMARKETINGSOMEHOTELSPUTASERIESOFMAPSINTHEBEDROOMWITHDIRECTIONSTONEARBYPARKSTHEYALSOHAVEASUPPLYOFTRACKSUITSANDSHOESINCASEGUESTSHAVEFORGOTTENTOBRINGTHEIROWNEVENIFAHOTELISNOTADJACENTTOAGOLFCOURSEORATENNISCOURT,THEYCANSTILLDOALOTTOPROVIDEEXERCISEOPPORTUNITIESFORTHEGUESTSANDITDOESNOTHAVETOBEEXPENSIVETHETHIRDISTHEFEMALEGUESTSINTHEPASTFEWYEARS,THEBIGGESTMARKETGROWTHISPERHAPSWOMENSTAYINGINHOTELS,OREATINGINHOTELRESTAURANTSMANYOFTHERESEARCHONWOMENTRAVELERSHAVEFOUNDTHATTHEAVERAGEWOMANEXECUTIVEISSIXYEARSYOUNGERTHANHERMALECOUNTERPARTSHETENDSTOBEINSALES,MARKETING,PUBLICANDPRESSRELATIONS,ORPERSONNELWORKNEARLY40OFTHETRIPSARETOCONVENTIONSSHEISMORELIKELYTOBESINGLETHANTHETYPICALMALETRAVELERSMANYWOMENCONCERNMUCHABOUTPERSONALSAFETYANDHOTELSECURITYTHEYWOULDPREFERTOEATINTHEHOTELRATHERTHANEATINGOUTANDUSEROOMSERVICEAGREATDEALWHENTHEREISAVAILABLETHEYWANTAROOMWHICHISVERYCLEAN,ATTRACTIVEANDSPECIOUSWITHGOODLIGHTINGTHEYPREFERGOODLIGHTSFORMAKEUPANDTHECLOSETSHIGHA7A8A9A10A11A12A138ENOUGHTOKEEPHERFLOORLENGTHDRESSESANDAGOODSUPPLYOFHANGERSHOTELIERSSHOULDBEWELLALERTTONOTICETHECHANGESANDDEMANDSOFTHEMARKETSOTHERWISETHEYWILLBEOVERTAKENBYTHECOMPETITORSA7A8A9A10A11A12A139外文文献译文酒店业自从古时候人们首次建造住宿房屋来招待旅客以来，有些人就以为旅客提供客房为生。如今，由于旅费的增加，酒店提供的就不仅仅是一个房间。汽车旅馆，度假酒店和会议酒店不断的发展，以满足不同的需求。问旅客。与此同时，连锁酒店也在该行业建立起了自己的主导力量。旅游观光法院在回答旅费增加问题时首次介绍了20世纪90年代初，在美国，汽车旅馆是从路边小木屋开始的。在美国，随着汽车开始取代火车成为旅行的主要手段，路边住宿的需求不断增加。第一个汽车旅馆开始出现在20世纪20年代，并通常是一层高的楼房，平均有25间客房。真正的汽车旅馆是从20世纪50年代开始的。两个主要因素G1431成了汽车旅馆的G13333G14647和建G16786。G1866G1025G1055一是开始于1956年的，发展G5567G17907的G5042G19481高G17907G1856路G13007G13491。G2490一个因素是G14521G5190G7393G2165的第一次增加。G20196G2393G451游G8903G8756以G2462G4472G1881G11017G16282成为G7643G1946G2163G14033。汽车旅馆业的G991一G8505发展，是从G1856路G3332G9869G6656G2052了G18108G2010G3835G3490G5078的G5078G1025G5527。随着G14334G12366旅行的发展，汽车旅馆也开始G17220G1849G7438G3342。度假酒店是一个人G4559G6226G6930G7506，G1253G19398和G4101G1060的G3332G7053。度假酒店G17837个G5831法G16818生于18世纪和19世纪的G8443G8966。G16958G2338的度假酒店在G19475G4584G2341G7043G4677G3332G2318G8851着法国G15086G15025的G9035G4748，以G2462G17155G12371G6984个G3835G19482G3332G2318的G2520G12193G11731G8861G6164建。度假酒店在美国的发展与G2325G1073世纪G991G2334G2506G19093路的G6205G3835有G1863。G6164有G18129是G999G19388G10043G20050G4512人和G1025G1147G19466G13435的。一G14336，G4490G5249会在酒店G2586两G989个G7388，G9994G2530年G3809一年回G2052同一酒店。随着G3835G1259旅游的发展，G11468G5415G3822的度假酒店在世G11040G2520G3332的旅游G11458的G3332建立起来。G1866G1025的一些G16958G2338度假酒店G5196G4396了G991来，G1306今G3837G1194们在G6980量G990G17840G17840G3835于G17826合老百姓的，逗留时间从G3837G2052几周的度假酒店。随着G19398暇时间和工资的提高，许G3822人现在每年至少有一个假期会G17840离G4490乡。G7438G3342的飞G7438开辟了以前世G11040G990游客无法进G1849的G3332G2318。度假酒店在热带G3332G2318蓬勃发展，如加勒比G3332G2318和夏威夷。会议酒店是一个适合G3835集团聚会的酒店。会议酒店的的崛起一直是G6984个酒店业的G3835发展，与会者现在占了G6164有酒店客人的将近百G2010G1055二G2325。20世纪50年代和60年代初，由于汽车旅馆占领了较G3835的细G2010G5078G3342，许G3822G5078G1025G5527的酒店只好眼看着G1849住率不断G991降。对此，一些酒店开始为会议或G1866G1194团体集会添加G16786施作为生G4396的手段。一开始，会议客人是G999G19388为淡季G6164招徕的，G1306随着会议业G2165的增加，G1194们开始定全年。A14A15A16A17A18A19A201020世纪60年代G2530期，一些G17826合会议团体的G3835酒店开始在一些主要G3490G5078的发展起来。G1194们G18129具有G2520G12193G2520样的G20196G2393，宴会G2393，会议G4472，以G2462会展G3835G2393。度假酒店，汽车旅馆和G7438G3342酒店也已开始提供会议G16786施。飞G7438世代的G2052来导致了从1958年持续G20521974年的20世纪第二G3835酒店建G16786时期。在G17837段时间G1055初，连锁酒店的主要G11458G7643在新的经济性G14033，效率和G7643G1946化的G16786计。例如，一G4490在迈G19475密的喜来登酒店，可G14033会与近3000英里G1055外的洛杉矶的一G4490喜来登酒店几乎完全G11468同。G9994而，G990世纪60年代末，作为对G17837G12193G13491一的G16786计反对的反应的，新的酒店建筑G16818生了。凯悦的开张G7643志着宏伟G16958G2338酒店的重返。G3835堂包括景观G11017梯，喷G8861，瀑布，树木，巨G3835的雕塑，和酒吧G2462咖啡馆，它已不只是一个G3332G7053登记和结帐，而且还成为主要吃，喝和会议G2318。成G2163的G1134G10317G1860G3835凯悦G5353导了在G3490G5078结合G2842业，G2162G1856，酒店G16786施，体G13958G2462G5259G1060G16786施的G12879G1296酒店的建立。乡G7461客G7644是在提供G7368G3822的G7393G2165和G16786施的G5785G1929G991G5196G4396G991来的一G12193G12879G3423的住宿G3342G6164。G1119G4466G990，许G3822G17840离现代化的G16786施，G4472G1881G11017G16282，G6922G19911G7438和G11017G16817G12573。G11468反，G1194们提供有G2572G5353力的G7099的世G11040的G20761力和G14310适的G20130景或G2394G2502G13984景。客人期G7407可以在G2520自的房间G6226G2052工作G3733G9821，在G1194们的G5214G990G6226G2052手工G7837G15999以G2462在G6984个客G7644G6226G2052古G14903G4490具。许G3822旅馆G18129时200G3822年前G13333G14647路G13459G8851G13459G7099旅馆和酒吧的直G6521G2530G16040。G16280G8181较小的乡G7461旅馆，有时只有G989，G3247个房间，通常是由自己的G14310适和G9177G8917的住宿G10627G3671和G20147G10301的G17148量自G16958的G2463好G3839G3931G6164提供G7393G2165的。一些较G3835的连锁酒店G708如假G7097酒店G709G1363G11004客G7644的G2529G12228。汽车旅店，G1306是，不应该与乡G7461旅馆G9163G9114。G17837些连锁酒店的G2529G12228G20056G12046G9213G7274和G7053G1427，G1306G1866性G17148完全不同于G7368为G1158密的乡G7461旅馆。G6980百年来，酒店业G2165也可G14033G15999G6563G17860为一G12193G4490G5249G1147业，因为每个酒店是一G4490G12181人G6329有的，G10432立的G1237业。有时候，一个G1259G6164周G11705酒店将成G2163G3332G1147生一些G11468同的G12661G10714，G1306是G17837G12193例G4388是G5468少的。第一个G7186G14891的例外是G7043G3624G10317勒G1820生的凯G6758里G1869G12661G10714集团第一次提出G11004G2345一的G12661G10714G7053G5347经G14841几个G3835酒店的经济和G18341G15713G102