基于单片机的函数发生器的设计和实现(毕业论文)

本科毕业设计论文题目基于单片机的函数发生器的设计和实现学院信息工程学院专业学号学生姓名指导教师二一一年五月八日A1A0A2A2A4A3A5A6A7A9A10A8A12I基于单片机的函数发生器的设计和实现XXX摘要函数发生器是一种用于产生标准信号的电子仪器，它广泛用于工业生产、科研和国防等各个领域中，所以论文选题具有一定的实用意义。本文在介绍了函数发生器的基本概念及原理的基础上，核心采用AT89C52单片机，完成了简易的DDS函数发生器的硬件设计和软件编程，并通过调试实现了其功能和主要技术指标。在系统的硬件部分，设计了由单片机最小系统为核心、通过接口设计，扩展了DAC转换模块、按键和LED显示模块。其中，采用两片DACG198G222实现了G1852数G4395G2282的G20069G10587G2524成器G11简G12228DDSG12。系统的软件设计是在G78G72G76G79G88G57G76G86G76G82G81G23的G19610成G5332发G10627G3671G991，采用CG16833G16340完成了G5224用系统软件编程，G2265G6336主程G5219、产生G3247种G5132用信号的程G5219、按键功能和显示子程G5219等电G14053模块G727模块G2282的编程G1363G5483程G5219具有G2499G16847G5627和易于G13512G6264的G10317G9869。最G2530，G1328G13785用PROTEL99SE设计并G2058G1328了函数发生器的G2372G2058电G17347G7507PCBG727并完成了G7691机的G2058G1328和调试。在实G20576G4472G18336，G17839G15904了G8991试，G13479G7536G15932G7138系统G17810G2052设计要G8726。关键词信号发生器G15AT89C52G15G78G72G76G79G705G20A14A14A14A15A16A11A13A17A18A19A20A21A22A23A24A19A25A26A27A28A29IIMCUBASEDFUNCTIONSIGNALGENERATORDESIGNABSTRACTTHEFUNCTIONGENERATORISONEKINDUSESINPRODUCINGTHESTANDARDSIGNALELECTRONICINSTRUMENTATION,ITWIDELYUSESINTHEINDUSTRIALPRODUCTION,THESCIENTIFICRESEARCHANDTHENATIONALDEFENSEANDSOONEACHDOMAIN,THEREFORETHEPAPERSELECTEDTOPICHASCERTAINPRACTICALSIGNIFICANCETHISARTICLELAYBETWEENTHESHAOFUNCTIONGENERATORTHEBASICCONCEPTANDINTHEPRINCIPLEFOUNDATION,USEDAT89C52MONOLITHICINTEGRATEDCIRCUITISTHECORE,HASCOMPLETEDTHESIMPLEDDSFUNCTIONGENERATORHARDWAREDESIGNANDTHESOFTWAREPROGRAMMING,ANDHASREALIZEDITSFUNCTIONANDTHEMAJORTECHNIQUETARGETTHROUGHTHEDEBUGGINGINSYSTEMSHARDWAREPART,HASDESIGNEDBYTHEMONOLITHICINTEGRATEDCIRCUITSMALLESTSYSTEMFORTHECORE,THROUGHTHECONNECTIONDESIGN,EXPANDEDTHEDACTRANSFORMATIONMODULE,THEPRESSEDKEYANDTHELEDDISPLAYMODULEAND,USEDTWOPIECEOFDAC0832TOREALIZEENTIREDIGITIZEDFREQUENCYSYNTHESIZERIEDDSSYSTEMSSOFTWAREDESIGNISUNDERTHEKEILUVISION4INTEGRATEDDEVELOPMENTENVIRONMENT,USEDTHECLANGUAGETOCOMPLETETHEAPPLICATIONSYSTEMSOFTWAREPROGRAMMING,INCLUDINGTHEMASTERROUTINE,HADFOURKINDOFCOMMONLYUSEDCOMPUTERMODULESANDSOONSIGNALPROCEDURES,PRESSEDKEYFUNCTIONANDDEMONSTRATIONSUBROUTINETHEMODULARPROGRAMMINGENABLESTHEPROCEDURETOHAVETHECHARACTERISTICWHICHTHEREADABILITYANDEASYTOMAINTAINFINALLY,THEAUTHORDESIGNEDANDHASMANUFACTUREDFUNCTIONGENERATORPRINTCIRCUITWAFERPCBWITHPROTEL99SEANDHASCOMPLETEDPROTOTYPESMANUFACTUREANDTHEDEBUGGINGINTHELABORATORY,HASCARRIEDONTHETEST,FINALLYINDICATEDTHATTHESYSTEMACHIEVESTHEDESIGNREQUIREMENTSKEYWORDSSIGNALGENERATINGDEVICE,89C52,KEILC51A30A31A32A32A33A34A35A36A37A38A39A40A41III目录前言1第1章函数发生器系统设计211设计方案的比较212系统模块设计2121控制模块3122按键及其显示模块3123波形产生模块3124D/A转换313系统总体框图314理论分析4141电路的理论计算4142波形产生相关理论6第2章系统硬件电路的设计821单片机的接口电路822幅度控制模块10221单片机与DAC0832的接口10222DAC0832与运放的连接10第3章系统软件设计1331系统软件设计方案1332系统软件流程图14A42A42A42A43A44A45A46A47A48A49A50A51A52A53A54A49A55A56A57A58A59IV33信号产生程序15331正弦波产生15332三角波产生15333方波产生15334锯齿波的产生16第4章系统调试与测试1741调试1742测试19结论22致谢23参考文献24附录25A60A61A62A62A63A64A65A55A56A66A67A68A69A701A71A7225A71前言函数发生器又称信号源或振荡器，在生产实践和科技领域中有着广泛的信号发生器又称信号源或振荡器，在生产实践和科技领域中有着广泛的应用。随着数字技术和半导体工业的发展，DDS芯片能集成包括高速DAC器件在内的部件，其功耗降低到MW级（AD9851在33V时功耗为650MW），功能增加了，价格便宜。因此，DDS也获得广泛的应用现代电子器件、通信技术、医学成像、无线、PCS/PCN系统、雷达、卫星通信。本次设计的主要目标是学习和运用单片机的C语G16340和G8731G13546语G16340，通G17819现有G3822功能电子学习机部G2010G5062有器件，实现G1363用8G1313单片机AG5589C5G21单片机和D/AG17728G6454芯片DAC083G21G980G17227实现G8503G5370G8886，G7053G8886，G989G16294G8886，G19203G21843G8886发生G17837G3247G12193G5132G16277的G8886G5430，G5194能G6521G6922G3818部G19202G11436G17767G1849，在G980G4462G14551G3272内G6925G2476G20069G10587。函数发生器G5460G5460是G11013G1268统的设计G7053G8873G6164G13464成的G13443G10301G10714设G3803G1363用的设G3803有G5468G3822G13582G9869，G3926G3835G4622G4556，G18337G18339G17751G8797，G12239G2172是G993G3827G7053便，G17751G3835的信号G3845G11507，在G980G1022单G980的G8886G5430，G11429G12661G8886G5430G5430G10378G17819G1122G1737G2282，无G8873G9397G17287用G6155的G1946G11842G5627，G2499G12239G7905G5627，G12295G4462G5627要G8726，设计G1998的G20069G10587G994G12295G4462G5627G11752G12362，G1946G11842，G8886G5430G17148G18339，G17767G1998G20069G10587G14551G3272G4497的G8886G5430发生器，便G6670G5627G3921G12573G10317G9869G1867有G14403G3921的G5078G3342G2081G7235，G1209G9397G17287信号源要G8726的G1903G1119和G8677用领域。A42A42A42A43A44A45A46A47A48A49A50A51A52A53A54A49A55A56A57A58A59A702A71A7225A71第1章函数发生器系统设计11设计方案的比较函数发生器的设计G2499G1209用G2520G12193G7053G7708G7481G4448成。现在在G2520G12193G7053G7708的设计G17839G15904了G8616G17751G7053G7708G980用G5058G2010G6930G3835电G17347实现G989G16294G8886到G8503G5370G8886G1209G2462集成运G6930G13464成的电G17347实现函数发生器。G4579G8886G2476G6454是G18331用了G5058G2010G6930G3835器的G19762线G5627G1268G17767G10317G5627G7366线的G1268G17767G10317G5627G7366线的G1363用是G4557称的，G17246G12376G17246G3921线G5627G2318G989G16294G8886的幅度应G8503G3921G1363晶体G6521近饱和G2318域或者截至G2318域。G7053G7708二用二极G12661折线近似电G17347G1209G2462集成运G6930G13464成的电G17347实现函数发生器。二极G12661折线近似电G17347实现G989G16294G8886G8503G5370G8886的G2476G6454G20069G10587调节部G2010设计时，G2499G1209先按G989G1022G20069G10587段给G4462G989G1022电容值1000PF、001F、01F然后再计算电阻的G3835G4579。手控G994压控部G2010线G17347要G8726更G6454G7053便。为G9397G17287G4557G7053G8886G2081后沿时间的要G8726，G1209G2462G8503G5370G8886最高工作G20069G10587（10KHZ）的要G8726，在积G2010器、G8616G17751器、G8503G5370G8886G17728G6454器和G17767G1998级中应选用SR值G17751G3835的运G6930（G3926LF353）。为保证G8503G5370G8886有G17751G4579的G3845G11507度，应G8503G11842计算二极G12661网络的电阻参数，G5194注意调节G17767G1998G989G16294G8886的幅度和G4557称度。G17767G1849G8886G5430中G993能含有直流成G2010。G7053G7708G989G1363用8G1313单片机AG5589C51和D/AG17728G6454芯片DAC083G21G980G17227实现G8503G5370G8886，G7053G8886，G989G16294G8886，G19203G21843G8886发生G17837G3247G12193G5132G16277的G8886G5430，G5194能G6521G6922G3818部G19202G11436G17767G1849，在G980G4462G14551G3272内G6925G2476G20069G10587。G2499G15904G5627G2010析G1209上G989G1022G7053G7708，两G1022G7053G7708和G7053G7708的G980G1022G989G16294G8886G8503G5370G8886的G980部G2010的原则，虽然G993G980样，但他们的共同G9869是要考虑建立G8886G5430G17728G6454电G17347。该G7053G7708包括G989G1022应用程序G1363用微控制器G1867有更高的G2499靠G5627。系统扩展，系统配置的灵活G5627。轻松创建G2520G12193规模的应用，G1209G2462应用程序有G980G1022更高的软件和硬件的利用G10587。G2499G13546程单芯片，硬件的功能描述G4448全G2499G1209实现在软件，设计时间短，成本低，G2499靠G5627高。综上我们选择了第G989G1022设计。12系统模块设计该函数发生器有G1209下几部G2010G13464成（1）控制模块（G21）按G19202G2462其显示模块（3）D/AG17728G6454模块G989部G2010G13464成。A60A61A62A62A63A64A65A55A56A66A67A68A69A703A71A7225A71121控制模块单片机AG5589C5G21作为系统的主控核心芯片。单片机G1867有体积G4579，G1363用灵活的，易G1122人机G4557话和G14403G3921的数据处G10714，单芯片低功耗和低成本的优势。单片机作为控制G7481实现G8616G1363用FPGA的G7053便。基G1122综合成本效益，G6164G1209选择该芯片。122按键及其显示模块为了提高单片机的资源利用G10587和运G15904的效G10587,按G19202显示部G2010我们直G6521G1363用ZLG7G2189扩展G19202G11436，G19202G11436G994单片机连G6521。ZLG7G2189促G17839微控制器芯片之间的通信，G1209G2462G11013ZLG7G2189自G2172扫描G19202G11436，你G2499G1209去G6250G2172，G17287G1209G6925G2904微控制器的效G10587。123波形产生模块G1363用单片机G4462时器设置G4462时时间，G8611半G1022G2620G7411G4557G44/G50G12483G2487G2474G2465G980次，G1209至实现G20069G10587G17767G1998。G17837G1135G7053G7708，虽然在高G20069段G16835G5058G8616G17751G3835，但G13546程G12628单，易G1122控制，G7447G15925上述利G5342，我们选择该G7053G7708。124D/A转换G18331用G21片DAC083G21，G11013其中G980片的G17767G1998电压作为G2490G980芯片的参考电压，G17837样G4613G2499G1209G7053便的控制最G3835G17767G1998电压。13系统总体框图系统是用单片机AG5589C5G21和8G1313D/AG17728G6454芯片DAC083G21G1209G2462ZLG7G2189G19202G11436和显示共同实现G8503G5370G8886，G7053G8886，G989G16294G8886，G19203G21843G8886G17837G3247G12193G5132G16277G8886G5430的产生和显示G11468G1126G2011G6454的功能。G16277系统原G10714G7706G3282G3926G328211A7311A74A75A76A77A78A73A79A79A79A80A81A82A83A84A85A86A87A88A89A90A91A86A92A93A94A95A96A974A98A9925A9814理论分析141电路的理论计算G11013G3282G213G2499G11705到G565的G17767G1998G4570作为两G1022DAC083G21的基G1946电压。G1563设运G6930G566的G17767G1849为1VG727两G1022DAC083G21的内部的电阻为1R。设G565的G17767G1849电压为2VG727两G1022DAC083G21的内部的电阻为2R。下G19766G17839G15904G16764G16782计算（1）G566为G980G1022G2465G11468G8616G1375器1281111281,OUTOUTURVUVRRR（G21）G565也为G980G1022G2465G11468G8616G1375器2262222262,OUTOUTURVUVRRRG17837是G56G23的G17767G1849为12UUOUTOUT，G16772为G57G11013G11222514RR，G17837时G56G23实G19481上为G980G1022G2465G2533G17331随器，G2375312OUTOUTOUTUVUUG6164G120928262826312121212OUTRRRRUVVVVRRRRG21G714本设计中的运G6930的连G6521的第二部G2010G3926G3282G213G3926G3282G21G23中的G56G21G17767G1849中的OUT3U为G3282G213中G56G23的G17767G1998。G4557G1122本运G6930G13464成的电G17347G2010析G18331用G2484加G8873设G56G21的G17767G1998为OUT4U。G311G33G541512电源全部G6521G3332时，有G3926下此时的运G6930实G19481为G980G1022G2465G11468G8616G1375器111161212/RRRRRA100A101A102A103A104A104A105A106A107A108A109A110A111A112A113A1145A115A11625A1151133113141149OUTRRUURRRUURR91131OUT31411314UURRRRRRRG31G21G33G54151G21G57和OUT3UG6521G3332时G292161312/RRRRA1172211122139U12UURRRRRRA1189221321112U12RRRRRRA119G313G33G54151G21G57和OUT3UG6521G3332时G29311131233161231399331331112/U12UUU12RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRA120A121A120G6164G1209综上G6164述OUT4U为1U，2U，3UG989者之和。OUT4123UUUUG237591139932OUT4OUT331411314132111331112129113932OUT31411314132113111212UU12U12U12RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRA122A122A122A122（）下G19766G4557OUT4U的G13479G7536作G980G1135G17753G2173G16840G7138G10317G1375G541523RR时9113OUT41OUT31411314UUURRRRRRRG1209下G17839G15904代G1849数据的G1867体的G2010析G1122是G4557G1122G4570G3282G213G994G3282G21G23G2462连在G980G17227时，G8886G5430G17767G1998G994调节部G2010的G10714G16782计算A123A123A123A124A125A126A127A128A129A130A131A132A133A134A135A130A136A137A138A139A140A1416A142A14325A142DACG17728G6454部G2010电G17347G3282G3926G3282G6164示G5415单片机G2010G2047G2533DAC083G21（1）和DAC083G21（G21）G17767G1849数据1D和2D时0222UDVR12D/256011021UDVRUD/256031010231UR/RUUR/R其中13RR10K，2R20K，代G1849G1209上G2520G5347，得0021UUD/1281/2（11）或着1002D128U/U1G11013（11）G5347G2499G11705，G54151D在0G794G2155之间G2476G2282时，0UG2499在02U2G79402U2之间G2476G2282，G2375G17767G1998信号的G4804G4804值G2499G1101302U控制。该电G17347G1101310G21电G1313器G1030G6521G21G10221电阻实现调节直流G1571G12239，电G1313器G16314G3848在最G2503G12483和最G5050G12483时，电G1313器G17767G1998的电压G2010G2047为5V和G145V，电G1313器的电压G994通G17819G980G1022加G8873器后，实现直流G1571G12239的调节。142波形产生相关理论DAC083G21是8G1313的D/AG17728G6454器件，其工作电压是05G57，G5415G17767G184900数字G18339的时G1517，G17767G1998为0G57电压G727G5415G17767G184980数字G18339的时G1517，G17767G1998为G215G57电压G727G5415G17767G1849FF数字G18339的时G1517，G17767G1998为5G57电压。单片机的G44/G50G17767G1998G3355为G145G57的G55G55G47电G5191，因此产生的G8503G5370G8886幅值为G14G215G57。G4570G980G1022G2620G7411内的G8503G5370G8886G5430G12573G2010为G2156G1233，G18039G1052第1G9869的G16294度为0G101，G4557应的G8503G5370值为G215G86G76G810G101G727第G21G9869的G16294度为360G101/G2156，G4557应的G8503G5370值为G215G86G76G81（360G101/G2156）G258G258，G3926此计算下去，G4570G17837G1135模G6323G18339G8503G5370值G18129G17728G6454为单极G5627G7053G5347下的数字G18339，得到G980G5364按G10043G9869号G20046序G6502G2027的G8503G5370G8886G8886G5430数据G15932。G13792G8611次G17877到7G23G47S373的G1855G1313数字G18339是G7693据G7609G8503G5370G8886G5430数据G15932格G13792得到。其实在计算G8503G5370G8886G5430数据的时G1517，G5194G993G19668要算G1998G6984G10220G21G177G2318间的G8611G980G1022值，G13792G2494G19668计算G1998021G177中的值G4613G15904，其他G2318间的值G18129G2499G1209通G17819G4557021G177中的值G2474G993同的G2476G6454。G8616G392621G177G177的值G2499G1209和021G177值G980G980G4557应，G13792G177G21G177的值G2499G1209G45570G177G2318间的值G2474G2465得到。计算值G2499G1209用C语G16340G13546程得到。A144A145A146A146A147A148A149A150A151A152A153A154A155A1567A157A15825A157幅度G1856G5347为G60G32G215G7591G14G86G76G81G11N6490G12G761（NG320,1,G21G258G2586G23）G11468应的G60值数字G2282后的G17894增G18339G165G322555G30000196G18039G1052G8611G980G1022G9869G11468G4557G1122G17227G980G1022G9869的G17894增G10587为AG3212YY（G60G21G5415G2081的G9869，G601为G2081G980G1022G9869）G6164G1209G8611G980G1022G9869的数字G18339G994G17894增G10587A成G980G980G4557应G1863系。A159A159A159A160A161A162A163A164A165A166A167A168A169A170A171A166A150A151A172A173A174A1568A157A15825A157第2章系统硬件电路的设计21单片机的接口电路G61G47G7G2189的G6521G2487电G17347G3282G3926G3282G211G6164示。ZLG7G2189A应连G6521共G19464G5347数G11733G12661应用中无G19668用到的数G11733G12661和G19202G11436G2499G1209G993连G6521G11477去数G11733G12661和G4557数G11733G12661设置G9052G19556G4658G5627G3355G993G1262G5445G2721G19202G11436的G1363用G3926G7536G993用G19202G11436则G1868G3423电G17347中连G6521到G19202G11436的8G249410G46电阻和8G2494100G46下G6301电阻G3355G2499G1209G11477去G3926G7536G1363用了G19202G11436则电G17347中的8G249410G46电阻和8G2494100G46下G6301电阻G3355G993得G11477G11065G19512G19762G993G6521数G11733G12661G2554则G1030G1849DPG2462SASG连线的8G2494电阻G3355G993能G11477去实G19481应用中8G2494下G6301电阻和8G2494G19202G11436连G6521G1313选线DG44G0DG44G7的8G2494电阻G1313选电阻应G17993G1186G980G4462的G8616G1375G1863系下G6301电阻应G3835G1122G1313选电阻的5G1505G13792G4579G1122其50G1505G1868G3423值为10G1505下G6301电阻的G2474值G14551G3272是10G46100G46G1313选电阻的G2474值G14551G3272是1G4610G46在G993G5445G2721显示的G2081提下下G6301电阻应G4625G2499能的G2474G17751G4579的值G17837样G2499G1209提高G19202G11436部G2010的G6251G5190扰能力因为G18331用循环扫描的工作G7053G5347G3926G7536G18331用普通的数G11733G12661亮度有G2499能G993G3827G18331用高亮或超高亮的G3423号G2499G1209解决G17837G1022问题数G11733G12661的G4622G4556也G993宜选的G17819G3835G980般字符高度G993超G178191英G4556G3926G1363用G3835G3423的数G11733G12661应G1363用适G5415的驱G2172电G17347ZLG7G2189AG19668要G980G3818G6521晶体振荡电G17347供系统工作其G1868G3423值G2010G2047为FG3216MHZCG3215PG3926G7536芯片无G8873G8503G5132工作请首先检G7609此振荡电G17347在印刷电G17347板布线时G6164有元件尤其是振荡电G17347的元件应G4625G18339靠近ZLG7G2189AG5194G4625G18339G1363电G17347联线最短ZLG7G2189A的RESEG55复G1313G12483在G980般应用情况下G2499G1209直G6521和G57CCG11468连在G19668要G17751高G2499靠G5627的情况下G2499G1209连G6521G980G3818部复G1313电G17347或直G6521G11013MCG56控制在上电或RESEG55G12483G11013低电G5191G2476为高电G5191ZLG7G2189AG3835约要经G1781918G215MS的时间才G1262G17839G1849G8503G5132工作G10378态上电后G6164有的显示G3355为空G6164有显示G1313的显示G4658G5627G3355为显示G2462G993闪烁G5415有G19202按下时G46EG60引脚G17767G1998低电G5191此时G3926G7536G6521G6922到读G19202G11436指令。ZLG7G2189AG4570G17767G1998G6164按下G19202的代G11733G19202G11436代G11733的G4462义中代G11733G120910G17839制G15932示G3926G7536在没有按G19202的情况下G6922到读G19202G11436指令ZLG7G2189AG4570G17767G19980FFHG2155程序中G4625G2499能G3332减少CPG56G4557ZLG7G2189A的访问次数G2499G1209G1363得程序更有效G10587因为芯片直G6521驱G2172G47ED数G11733G12661显示电流G17751G3835且为G2172态扫描G7053G5347故G3926G7536该部G2010电G17347电源连线G17751细G17751长G2499能G1262引G1849G17751G3835的电源噪声G5190扰在电源的G8503负极G5194G1849G980G237G56到G21G210G56的电容G2499G1209提高电G17347G6251G5190扰的能力注意G3926G7536有G21G1022G19202同时按下ZLG7G2189AG2494G1262给其中G980G1022G1863G19202的代G11733G19668要两G1022或超G17819G21G19202同时按下的G3342合应用，G1363ZLG7G2189AG993太合适。本设计中7G2189G994单片机的连G6521G7053G5347G3926下G15932G211A175A176A177A177A178A179A180A181A182A183A184A185A186A1879A188A18925A188A190A191A192A193A194A191A195A196A197A198A199A200A201A202A203A204A205A206A191A192A193A198A199A200A197A207A208A209A194A191A195A196A202A203A210A211单片机G61G47G7G2189P10G81OTCSP11CG47G46P1G21DG44G50P13G81OTG46EG60A212A212A212A213A214A215A216A217A218A219A220A221A222A223A224A219A181A182A225A226A227A18710A188A18925A18822幅度控制模块221单片机与DAC0832的接口G11013G1122D/AG980G1022G17728G6454器G994微控制器G11468连，微控制器是在数据总线上发G17877的时间为G1363用模G6323数字G17728G6454，数字数据和指令命令的G17767G1998是短暂的，G994DAC和微控制器，微控制器G19668要，G6164G1209在数据寄存器保持电脑的DACG17728G6454G17767G1998数据。目G2081生产的DAC芯片G2010为两类，有数据寄存器芯片G13464，G993G19668要额G3818的电G17347，G4613G2499G1209G994微G3423计算机G6521G2487直G6521。G2490G980G1022没有数据寄存器，数据G17767G1849G994G17767G1998信号线G6925G2476G10378态，它是没有直G6521G1863系的微G3423计算机G6521G2487芯片，G5194G15904G6521G2487必须微G3423计算机G6521G2487。DAC083G21是G980G1022G210引脚双G2027直插G5347CMG50S器件，它有两G1022内部数据寄存器，G4448成8G1313电流D/AG17728G6454。它G993G19668要额G3818的电G17347。因此，单片机G994DAC083G21连G6521，G3926G3282G21G21A20622A198A199A200A197A228A229A230A231A195A232A191A202A203A204A205222DAC0832与运放的连接1在本设计中的G994运G6930的连G6521G7053G5347第G980部G2010G3926G3282G213A175A176A177A177A178A179A180A181A182A183A184A185A186A18711A188A18925A188A20623A233A234A201A202A203A204A205A235A236A237A238G3282上的运算G6930G3835器实现G989G1022功能G213G2010为G566的G2465G2533作为控制G8616G1375，G565的是G980G1022G2465G2533G8616G1375控制，但是，作为G980G1022加G8873器G56G23的，其G10714G16782G2010析计算，G16277第二章第G3247巡回计算。G17767G1998实G19481上是G56OUT3G994G56OUTG21和G56OUT1。G21该运算G6930G3835器的设计连G6521第二部G2010，G3926G3282G21G23A206A191A192A239A233A234A201A202A203A204A205A235A240A237A238A212A212A212A213A214A215A216A217A218A219A220A221A222A223A224A219A181A182A225A226A227A18712A188A18925A188该电G17347G11013调G6984直流G1571G12239在最G8503G11842和最G5050边，电G1313器G17767G1998电压为5G57和G145G57时，通G17819G980G1022加G8873器的电压电G1313器，实现了潜在的联系10G211G21G1030联电阻电G1313器直流G1571G12239调G6984。G21G2010析了电G17347G5627能用G1122调节DAC083G21的基G1946电压为1G21G57，因此G4804值G2499G1209调G6984到最G3835为1G21G57，1G21G57的电源G6930G3835器，它没有达到饱和。通G17819电G1313器和两G10221直流G1571G12239调G6984阻力。G5415电G1313器滑块G1313G1122极G2503和极G5050，G17767G1998电压为5G57和G145G57电源，电G1313器，通G17819G980G1022直流电压和G17767G1998电压G1571G12239加G8873器G7481实现G11429G12661。该DAC083G21G19762线G5627，G17767G1998信号的幅度有G980G4462的G16835G5058。我们G2499G1209G1186上G19766的计算，G4804值G8886G5430产生电G17347和直流G1571G12239调节G14551G3272达到G5194超G17819了要G8726的问题的G14551G3272。A175A176A177A177A178A179A180A181A182A183A184A185A186A18713A188A18925A188第3章系统软件设计31系统软件设计方案51系G2027单片机的G13546程语G16340G5132用的有两G12193G8731G13546语G16340类G3423，G980G12193是C语G16340。G8731G13546语G16340，是G980G12193G13546程语G16340的强G3835功能，G13792且G6164有的电脑硬件功能，G2499G1209直G6521控制硬件的语G16340。G8731G13546语G16340G994计算机的底层软件或硬件，G1209直G6521G1126G2172，它G1867有G1209下优G9869（1）直G6521访问硬件G11468G1863的存储器或G44/G50G12483G2487，（G21）G13546译器G993能限制生成G4448G6984的二G17839制代G11733控制（3）G1863G19202代G11733G2499G1209更精G11842G3332控制，避免G5132G16277的线程或硬件设G3803共享访问G1737局造成的（G23）G7693据G4557代G11733做了最G3921的优G2282提高速度的G1867体应用（5）最G3835限度G3332提高硬件的能力。同时还应认识到，G8731G13546语G16340是G980G1022G19762G5132低层次的语G16340，它G2494是G8616直G6521在机器指令的二G17839制代G11733G13546写手册高，因此G993G2499避免G3332存在G980G1135G13582G9869（1）G13546写代G11733是G19762G5132困难的，G993G3921维护（G21）容易G1998现错G16835，难G1209调试（3）G2494G4557G10317G4462的处G10714器体系G13479构优G2282和（G23）开发的效G10587G19762G5132低，长G7411和单调。C语G16340，是G980G12193计算机G13546程语G16340。它G1867有G980G1022高层次的语G16340，但也有G8731G13546语G16340的G10317G9869。它G2499G1209作为G980G1022工作系统的设计语G16340，文字系统也G2499G1209作为应用程序G1363用的应用程序语G16340，文字G993依赖G1122计算机硬件的应用程序。因此，它的应用G14551G3272广泛，G993仅在软件开发，G1209G2462G11752G12362G2520G12193G19668要G1363用C语G16340，G1867体应用，G3926微控制器和嵌G1849G5347系统的开发。它G1867有G1209下优G9869（1）G12628单，紧凑，灵活，G7053便（G21）运算符丰富（3）丰富的数据G13479构（G23）C是G980G1022G13479构G2282的语G16340，（5）C的语G8873是没有严格限制，程序设计自G11013度G3835，（6）C语G16340允许直G6521访问G10301G10714G3332址，G2499G1209直G6521在硬件上运G15904（7）生成高G17148G18339的目标代G11733，程序执G15904效G10587高（8）C语G16340的应用和便G6670G5347G3835。G8731G13546语G16340代G11733的机器G2499读的，但G993是G5468强烈G13792复杂的G17819程，更是难G1209阅读，和C语G16340，发电效G10587在G3835G3822数情况下其机器代G117